108 年 國立體育大學（桃）碩士班共同科目《英文》

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a s
s r
d g
f g
a y
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OPO
road c
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figure s
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e n sport
artistic g s
ice h y
Part I. Write the full name of the following sport symbols/icons (完整拼寫出下列每個運動符號所代表的英文詞彙): 20分

Part II. Match each of the English definitions with the words in the box lettered from A~T (選出下列各題所描述的英文詞彙,並填入該選項字母代號既可):10分

1. ( ) a short stick or tube passed from runner to runner in a relay race
2. ( ) a men's athletic competition combining 10 track-and-field events
3. ( ) the object that players hit backwards and forwards in badminton
4. ( ) a long-distance running race of 26 miles and 385 yards (42.195 KM)
5. ( ) a track-and-field event in which a person uses a long, flexible pole as an aid to jump over a bar
6. ( ) a device used by sprint athletes to hold their feet at the start of a race
7. ( ) a field event in which a lightweight, spear-like object is thrown as far as possible
8. ( ) a women's athletic competition combining 7 track-and-field events
9. ( ) an event in which competitors leap as far as possible by performing a hop, a step, and a jump
10. ( ) a short, fast race run over a distance of 400 meters or less

A. javelin
B. high jump
C. caddie
D. sprint
E. shot put
F. hurdles
G. pole vault
H. pentathlon
I. steeplechase
J. baton
K. marathon
L. false start
M. shuttlecock
N. starting blocks
O. umpire
P. relay race
Q. heptathlon
R. dribble
S. triple jump
T. decathlon

Part III. Read the text about "Noise" and use the word in parentheses to form a word(s) that correctly fills each blank (依據短文中各句子結構所需,將括號中的單字予以適當詞類變化後填入):10分

Noise

Noise, commonly 1 (define) as unwanted sound, is another environmental pollutant. Particularly in congested urban areas, the noise produced as a byproduct of our advancing technology 2 (cause) physical and psychological harm, and detracts from the quality of life for those who are exposed to it.

Unlike the eye, the ear has no lid; therefore, noise penetrates without protection. Loud noises instinctively signal danger to any organism with a hearing mechanism, 3 (include) human beings. In response, heartbeat and respiration accelerate. In fact, there is a general increase in functioning brought about by the flow of adrenaline released in response to fear.

Because noise is unavoidable in a complex, industrial society, we are constantly responding in the same ways that we would respond to danger. Recently, researchers 4 (conclude) that noise and our response may be much more than an annoyance. It may be a serious threat to physical and psychological health and well-being, causing damage not only to the ear and brain but also to the heart and stomach. We have long known that 5 (hear) loss is America's number one nonfatal health problem, but now we are learning that some of us with heart disease and ulcers may be victims of noise as well.

Part IV. Choose the word or phrase that best completes a sentence (從四個選項中挑出最適合的答案來完成該句):20分

1. Most people in America do not object ____ them by their first names. (A) that I am call (B) for calling (C) to my calling (D) that I call
2. ____ Java Man, who lived before the first Ice Age, is the first manlike animal. (A) That is generally believed (B) Believed generally is (C) Generally believed it is (D) It is generally believed that
3. According to the conditions of my daughter's scholarship, after finishing her degree, ____. (A) the university will employ her (B) her education will be employed by the university (C) employment will be given to her by the university (D) she will be employed by the university
4. After the assassination attempt, President Regan's doctor suggested that he ____ a short rest at Camp David. (A) would take (B) take (C) took (D) taking
5. Only after food has been dried ____. (A) should be stored for later consumption (B) should it be stored for later consumption (C) it should be stored for later consumption (D) that it should be stored for later consumption
6. Not until an elephant is several years old ____ to exhibit signs of independence from its mother. (A) does it begin (B) and begin (C) it begins (D) beginning
7. Although most adopted people want the right to know who their biological parents are, some who have found them wish that they ____ the experience of meeting them. (A) hadn't have (B) hadn't (C) hadn't had (D) didn't have had
8. The examiner made us ____ our photo identification in order to be admitted to the center for the standardized English test. (A) to show (B) showed (C) showing (D) show
9. Unlike most Europeans, many Americans ____ a bowl of cereal for breakfast every day. (A) use to eat (B) used to eating (C) are used to eat (D) are used to eating
10. Doctoral students preparing to take their qualifying examinations have been studying in the library ____ the last two months. (A) for (B) since (C) until (D) before

Part V. Reading Comprehension (閱讀理解測驗,共三篇文章):30分

Tennis is one of the world's most widely-played sports, enjoyed by players of all ages. It is also a popular spectator sport, with star players in glamorous tournaments watched on TV by millions of fans all over the world. Women's matches attract as much interest as the men's, and tennis is one of the few professional sports in which women can earn as much prize money as men. Singles matches are played between two players and doubles matches are between two teams of two players. Each player uses a racket (also spelled racquet) to hit a felt-covered ball over a net into their opponent's side of a court. A player wins a point when his or her opponent cannot return a shot, or the opponent's shot doesn't land in the court.

The modern form of tennis first appeared in the 19th century, but earlier forms of the game had been played in Europe for centuries. The most well-known was real tennis (or royal tennis), which had been popular with royal families and the rich since the 13th century. In 1571, French King Charles IX gave permission for the 'Corporation of Tennis Professionals', a type of 'pro tour', to be started, which shows how popular real tennis had become. However, the game became less popular around the time of the French Revolution because of its links with royalty and the 'ruling classes' that people blamed for social injustices. In England in 1873, Major Walter Clopton Wingfield revived interest in the game by simplifying the rules and designing new courts that were easier and cheaper to build. He called his new version of the game 'lawn tennis' and kept most of the old scoring system and many of the original French words used in real tennis, such as love and deuce.

Tennis is played on a rectangular court, usually with a grass, clay, or hard court surface. The court is 78 feet (23.77 m) long and 27 feet (8.23 m) wide for singles matches and 36 feet (10.97 m) wide for doubles matches. The net is 3 feet 6 inches (1.07 m) high at the outer posts and 3 feet (.914 m) high in the middle. Lines divide the court into different areas, including four 'service boxes' in the centre of the court, in which serves must land. Before a match begins, one player is designated server in the first game, and play begins with this player serving the ball from one side of the back of the court into the service box diagonally opposite. If the serve is good, the receiver must hit it back into the server's side of the court. Play continues until one player cannot return a shot, or hits a shot out of the court, and loses the point. The server then serves again, and play continues until one player scores enough points to win the first game. Then the second game begins with the player who received in the first game now serving. Play continues until a player wins the first 'set' by being the first to win at least six games. Then the second set begins, and play continues until a player has won enough sets to win the match. In a 'best of three' match, the winner is the first to win two sets, and in a 'best of five' match, the winner is the first to win three sets.

Professional players learn to use many different shots, including the serve, forehand, backhand, volley, half-volley, overhead smash, drop shot, and lob. They also learn how to put spin on their shots to make them more difficult to return, and learn how to use tactics to win, such as by playing to their opponent's weaknesses. Every year hundreds of tournaments are held for professional players. The biggest of these are the Grand Slam tournaments: the Australian Open, the French Open, the Championships at Wimbledon in England, and the US Open. The greatest challenge in tennis is to win all four Grand Slam tournaments in one year. In men's singles, this has only ever been done by two players--Don Budge (1938) and Rod Laver (1962 and 1969). In women's singles, it has been done by only three players--Maureen Connolly (1953), Margaret Smith Court (1970), and Steffi Graf (1988).

Born in 1938 in Rockhampton, Australia, Rod Laver is said by many tennis historians to be the greatest player of all time. He is the only player to have won the men's singles Grand Slam two times. At 1.72 meters, Rod Laver was not as tall as many of today's players, but he had a strong arm and his shots were powerful. He was very fast around the court, and very accurate with his play. He was also a very clever player, and often won matches by outwitting his opponents tactically. Another greatest tennis player is Steffi Graf. She was born in Mannheim, Germany in 1969, and won 107 singles titles, including 22 Grand Slam singles titles. In 1988, Graf became the only player to have ever achieved a 'Golden Slam' by winning the Olympic gold medal in singles as well as all four Grand Slam singles titles that year. No other man or woman has ever done this. She also holds the record for the total number of weeks she was rated as the number one player in the world at 377 weeks. She is also the only player to have won all four Grand Slam singles tournaments at least four times each. (adapted from https://www.englishclub.com/vocabulary/sports-tennis.htm)

1. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT mentioned? (A) The history of tennis (B) How tennis works (C) An example of a great tennis player (D) How many hours a tennis player is trained in a day
2. According to the passage, where was real tennis or royal tennis first played by wealthy people? (A) Asia (B) Europe (C) North America (D) All over the world
3. How is a 'match' in tennis defined? (A) the best of three or five points (B) the best of three or five games (C) the best of three of five sets (D) the best of three or five records
4. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true? (A) For double matches, they are played on a court with 78 feet long and 36 feet wide. (B) Women do not earn as much prize money as men do. (C) Steffi Graf has achieved a 'record' that no others have ever done. (D) Winning all four Grand Slam tournaments in one year is considered most difficult to tennis players.
5. The word 'receiver' in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to (A) the woven barrier dividing the court into halves (B) the official who is in charge of a match (C) the player receiving serves (D) the player who cannot return a shot

Few men have influenced the development of American English to the extent that Noah Webster did. Born in West Hartford, Connecticut, in 1758, his name has become synonymous with American dictionaries. Graduated from Yale in 1778, he was admitted to the bar in 1781 and thereafter began to practice law in Hartford. Later, when he turned to teaching, he discovered how inadequate the available schoolbooks were for the children of a new and independent nation.

In response to the need for truly American textbooks, Webster published A Grammatical Institute of the English Language, a three-volume work that consisted of a speller, a grammar, and a reader. The first volume, which was generally known as The American Spelling Book, was so popular that eventually it sold more than 80 million copies and provided him with a considerable income for the rest of his life. While teaching, Webster began work on the Compendious Dictionary of the English Language, which was published in 1806.

In 1807 Noah Webster began his greatest work, An American Dictionary of the English Language. In preparing the manuscript, he devoted ten years to the study of English and its relationship to other languages, and seven more years to the writing itself. Published in two volumes in 1828, An American Dictionary of the English Language has become the recognized authority for usage in the United States. Webster's purpose in writing it was to demonstrate that the American language was developing distinct meanings, pronunciations, and spellings from those of British English. He is responsible for advancing simplified spelling forms: develop instead of the British form develope; theater and center instead of theatre and centre; color and honor instead of colour and honour.

In 1840 Webster brought out a second edition of his dictionary, which included 70,000 entries instead of the original 38,000. This edition has served as the basis for the many revisions that have been produced under the Webster name.

6. From which publication did Webster ear a lifetime income? (A) An American Dictionary of the English Language (B) An American Dictionary of the English Language: Second Edition (C) The American Spelling Book (D) Compendious dictionary of the English Language
7. Why did Webster write A Grammatical Institute of the English Language? (A) The children did not know how to spell. (B) He felt that British books were not appropriate for American children. (C) There were no books available after the Revolutionary War. (D) He wanted to supplement his income.
8. According to this passage, which one of the following spellings would Webster have approved in his dictionaries? (A) Theatre (B) Develope (C) Color (D) Honour
9. In how many volumes was An American Dictionary of the English Language published? (A) One volume (B) Two volumes (C) Three volumes (D) Four volumes
10. According to the author, what was Webster's purpose in writing An American Dictionary of the English Language? (A) To respond to the need for new schoolbooks (B) To demonstrate the distinct development of the English language in America (C) To promote spelling forms based on British models (D) To affect the pronunciation of the English language

Considering the amount of time that some people spend trying to improve their memories, it may come as a shock that, according to most researchers, at least as important as our ability to remember is our ability to forget. One important effect of our ability to forget is a clear conception of the passage of time-vivid memories are typically most recent, while faded memories are commonly products of much earlier experiences. A second vital consequence of forgetting is our ability to adapt to new situations. For example, a behavior that one learns as a child ("Do not talk to strangers!") may not be appropriate for a later period in life. Consider, for a moment, what life would be like without the capacity to forget: the brain would suffer from such a jumble of information that the simplest of daily tasks would become impossible to accomplish successfully.

So how is it that humans forget? While scientists are not absolutely certain about the biological mechanism at work, the most common theory assumes that the human brain has a limited amount of space for memory. They suggest two basic processes for forgetting. The first, retroactive forgetting, occurs when new memories take the place of old ones. Essentially, this is what happens when humans learn a new behavior. The second, called proactive forgetting, occurs when old memories are somehow stronger than newer ones and thus overwhelm and erase them. However, despite the fact that humans are quite good at forgetting, there are some scientists who insist that traces of memories are always left behind after they have apparently been forgotten, a theory which has the advantage of accounting for the ability of subjects under hypnosis to recall supposedly forgotten details of past experiences.

Of course, not all forgetfulness is considered normal. Some types of forgetting results from illness or brain trauma and can range from profound amnesia-total loss of memory-to aphasia-loss of some functions of speech.

11. The passage mainly discusses (A) old and new memories (B) brain illnesses (C) methods for improving memory (D) the benefits of forgetting
12. According to the passage, all of the following are true about forgetting EXCEPT (A) it enables us to learn new behaviors (B) it is sometimes caused by injury (C) it aids in our perception of time (D) it can only occur while under hypnosis
13. The word 'jumble' in the passage in closest in meaning to (A) accurate accumulation (B) forgotten history (C) disorganized mixture (D) recent discovery
14. According to the passage, proactive forgetting (A) is the cause of amnesia (B) prevents the establishment of newer memories (C) causes old memories to fade away (D) can be prevented with proper training
15. With which of the following statements would the author most likely agree? (A) Loss of memory due to disease is undesirable (B) Humans should try to forget more information (C) Forgetfulness is a serious flaw in the human brain (D) Humans need to improve their memories

Few men have influenced the development of American English to the extent that Noah Webster did. Born in West Hartford, Connecticut, in 1758, his name has become synonymous with American dictionaries. Graduated from Yale in 1778, he was admitted to the bar in 1781 and thereafter began to practice law in Hartford. Later, when he turned to teaching, he discovered how inadequate the available schoolbooks were for the children of a new and independent nation.

In response to the need for truly American textbooks, Webster published A Grammatical Institute of the English Language, a three-volume work that consisted of a speller, a grammar, and a reader. The first volume, which was generally known as The American Spelling Book, was so popular that eventually it sold more than 80 million copies and provided him with a considerable income for the rest of his life. While teaching, Webster began work on the Compendious Dictionary of the English Language, which was published in 1806.

In 1807 Noah Webster began his greatest work, An American Dictionary of the English Language. In preparing the manuscript, he devoted ten years to the study of English and its relationship to other languages, and seven more years to the writing itself. Published in two volumes in 1828, An American Dictionary of the English Language has become the recognized authority for usage in the United States. Webster's purpose in writing it was to demonstrate that the American language was developing distinct meanings, pronunciations, and spellings from those of British English. He is responsible for advancing simplified spelling forms: develop instead of the British form develope; theater and center instead of theatre and centre; color and honor instead of colour and honour.

In 1840 Webster brought out a second edition of his dictionary, which included 70,000 entries instead of the original 38,000. This edition has served as the basis for the many revisions that have been produced under the Webster name.

6. From which publication did Webster ear a lifetime income? (A) An American Dictionary of the English Language (B) An American Dictionary of the English Language: Second Edition (C) The American Spelling Book (D) Compendious dictionary of the English Language
7. Why did Webster write A Grammatical Institute of the English Language? (A) The children did not know how to spell. (B) He felt that British books were not appropriate for American children. (C) There were no books available after the Revolutionary War. (D) He wanted to supplement his income.
8. According to this passage, which one of the following spellings would Webster have approved in his dictionaries? (A) Theatre (B) Develope (C) Color (D) Honour
9. In how many volumes was An American Dictionary of the English Language published? (A) One volume (B) Two volumes (C) Three volumes (D) Four volumes
10. According to the author, what was Webster's purpose in writing An American Dictionary of the English Language? (A) To respond to the need for new schoolbooks (B) To demonstrate the distinct development of the English language in America (C) To promote spelling forms based on British models (D) To affect the pronunciation of the English language

Considering the amount of time that some people spend trying to improve their memories, it may come as a shock that, according to most researchers, at least as important as our ability to remember is our ability to forget. One important effect of our ability to forget is a clear conception of the passage of time-vivid memories are typically most recent, while faded memories are commonly products of much earlier experiences. A second vital consequence of forgetting is our ability to adapt to new situations. For example, a behavior that one learns as a child ("Do not talk to strangers!") may not be appropriate for a later period in life. Consider, for a moment, what life would be like without the capacity to forget: the brain would suffer from such a jumble of information that the simplest of daily tasks would become impossible to accomplish successfully.

So how is it that humans forget? While scientists are not absolutely certain about the biological mechanism at work, the most common theory assumes that the human brain has a limited amount of space for memory. They suggest two basic processes for forgetting. The first, retroactive forgetting, occurs when new memories take the place of old ones. Essentially, this is what happens when humans learn a new behavior. The second, called proactive forgetting, occurs when old memories are somehow stronger than newer ones and thus overwhelm and erase them. However, despite the fact that humans are quite good at forgetting, there are some scientists who insist that traces of memories are always left behind after they have apparently been forgotten, a theory which has the advantage of accounting for the ability of subjects under hypnosis to recall supposedly forgotten details of past experiences.

Of course, not all forgetfulness is considered normal. Some types of forgetting results from illness or brain trauma and can range from profound amnesia-total loss of memory-to aphasia-loss of some functions of speech.

11. The passage mainly discusses (A) old and new memories (B) brain illnesses (C) methods for improving memory (D) the benefits of forgetting
12. According to the passage, all of the following are true about forgetting EXCEPT (A) it enables us to learn new behaviors (B) it is sometimes caused by injury (C) it aids in our perception of time (D) it can only occur while under hypnosis
13. The word 'jumble' in the passage in closest in meaning to (A) accurate accumulation (B) forgotten history (C) disorganized mixture (D) recent discovery
14. According to the passage, proactive forgetting (A) is the cause of amnesia (B) prevents the establishment of newer memories (C) causes old memories to fade away (D) can be prevented with proper training
15. With which of the following statements would the author most likely agree? (A) Loss of memory due to disease is undesirable (B) Humans should try to forget more information (C) Forgetfulness is a serious flaw in the human brain (D) Humans need to improve their memories

The 18th Asian Games opened last year in Jakarta, Indonesia. World Weightlifting Championships gold medalist Kuo Hsing-chun became Taiwan's first female flag bearer for the Asian Games in the 20 years since 1998. (1) Unfortunately, renowned weightlifter Hsu Shu-ching-Taiwan's only two-time Olympic gold medalist-withdrew from the team after announcing her retirement due to a knee injury. The quadrennial Asian Games took place between August 18th and September 2nd in both Jakarta and Palembang, with over 15,000 athletes from 45 countries competing in Asia's largest sports event. (2) Electronic sports was also featured at the event for the first time as a demonstration sport, with six video games included.

Part VI. Translate the two underlined English sentences (adapted from Taipei Times) into natural-sounding Chinese (將下列新聞短文中劃線的兩個句子譯成流暢中文):10分