111 年 國立臺灣大學免疫學研究所《英文（A）》
第 1 題
I. Vocabulary (20%):
( ) 1. The thyroid, a butterfly-shaped gland in the neck, produces hormones indispensable for ____ and brain activity.
(A) metabolism
(B) plagiarism
(C) magnetism
(D) criticism
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核心觀念
本題測驗「醫學與生理相關之進階名詞字彙」與「語境語意邏輯判斷（Context Clues）」。考生需掌握句中主詞與受詞的生理學關聯，並利用並列結構（Parallelism）推論出正確的語意搭配。
解題方法
- 分析句法與關鍵線索：
- 主詞與同位語：
The thyroid, a butterfly-shaped gland in the neck（甲狀腺，位於頸部的蝴蝶狀腺體）。 - 動詞與受詞：
produces hormones（分泌荷爾蒙）。 - 後位修飾與並列結構：
indispensable for ____ and brain activity（對____與大腦活動不可或缺）。
- 主詞與同位語：
- 語意推論：
- 介系詞
for之後由連接詞and連接兩個名詞成分，與brain activity（大腦活動）並列者，必須是受甲狀腺荷爾蒙調節的「核心生理功能」。 - 生理學上，甲狀腺素（thyroid hormones）最主要的功能即為調節人體的「新陳代謝（metabolism）」與神經系統運作，因此 (A) 為唯一合乎生理醫學語境的選項。
- 介系詞
【全句翻譯】
甲狀腺是位於頸部的蝴蝶形腺體，它所分泌的荷爾蒙對於新陳代謝與大腦活動是不可或缺的。
選項分析
- (A) metabolism (n.) 新陳代謝、代謝作用【正確】
- 說明：指生物體內維持生命運作的化學反應與能量轉換機制。甲狀腺荷爾蒙調節全身細胞的基礎代謝率（basal metabolic rate），完全契合文意。
第 2 題
( ) 2. There seems to be hard evidence that the mother's smoking will ____ the baby's growth.
(A) stunt
(B) retain
(C) retort
(D) entail
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本題考驗考生對因果關係及動詞的理解，特別是懷孕期間母親抽菸對胎兒成長的影響。
- stunt (阻礙，使停止生長)：母親抽菸會阻礙胎兒的正常生長發育，使之發育不良，符合文意。
第 3 題
( ) 3. Having a ____ working knowledge of idiomatic language is essential to understanding and interacting in English.
(A) peculiar
(B) solid
(C) abusive
(D) frantic
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本題考驗考生對形容詞的理解，以及「idiomatic language」（慣用語）與「understanding and interacting」（理解與交流）之間的關係。要能理解並運用慣用語，需要的是紮實、穩固的知識。
第 4 題
( ) 4. ____ for its tough, gaucho-style leather, Argentina is the perfect place to buy gloves, bags, belts or, most obviously, wallets.
(A) Familiar
(B) Similar
(C) Unknown
(D) Renowned
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本題考驗考生對連接詞或介係詞片語的理解，以及阿根廷與其特色產品之間的關係。阿根廷以其「tough, gaucho-style leather」（堅韌、高喬風格的皮革）聞名，因此是購買皮革製品的好地方。
第 5 題
( ) 5. Dr. Reeves' musician son decided to play his guitar at his own wedding ____.
(A) perception
(B) reception
(C) subscription
(D) contraption
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本題考驗考生對名詞的理解，以及「play his guitar」（彈吉他）與「wedding」（婚禮）之間的關聯。婚禮上通常會有「reception」（婚宴，指婚禮後的招待會或慶祝活動），音樂表演常在此時進行。
第 6 題
( ) 6. Mexico's recent earthquake occurred 32 years after its capitol's 1985 shock, which ____ about 10,000 lives and destroyed 3,000 buildings.
(A) disclaimed
(B) reclaimed
(C) claimed
(D) proclaimed
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本題考驗考生對動詞的理解，以及地震與其後果之間的關係。地震的影響是造成生命損失和建築物損毀，因此地震「聲稱」或「造成」了這些損失。
第 7 題
( ) 7. This young sculptor's experiences of domestic violence had a ____ impact on his works.
(A) profound
(B) vulnerable
(C) venerable
(D) hideous
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本題考驗考生對形容詞的理解，以及「domestic violence」（家庭暴力）對藝術創作可能產生的影響。家庭暴力是非常嚴重的經歷，通常會對當事人產生深刻的影響。
第 8 題
( ) 8. Yesterday's extreme weather ____ the rescue team's attempts to locate the missing hiker.
(A) boycotted
(B) faltered
(C) condoned
(D) stymied
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本題考驗考生對動詞的理解，以及「extreme weather」（極端天氣）與「rescue team's attempts」（搜救隊的嘗試）之間的關係。極端天氣通常會阻礙或妨礙搜救行動。
第 9 題
( ) 9. Berlin's Tempelhof refugee shelter is Germany's largest, with room to ____ as many as 7,000 people.
(A) accommodate
(B) reciprocate
(C) demonstrate
(D) fabricate
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本題考驗考生對動詞的理解，以及收容所與人之間的關係。收容所的目的是「容納」或「收容」人們。
第 10 題
( ) 10. ____ 22 million tourists visit Grand Central Station in New York every year—more people than the Louvre attracts.
(A) Roughly
(B) Scarcely
(C) Barely
(D) Hardly
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本題考驗考生對副詞的理解，以及數字的表示方式。2200萬是一個很大的數字，用來表示「大約」的數量。
第 11 題
II. Cloze Test (30%):
Questions 11-18 refer to the following passage.
Research suggests that at least 64 percent of people now spend up to four hours daily of leisure time in front of a screen. Just as TV watching has been linked to higher rates of obesity and diabetes, this extra ____ time is bad news for our health.
- CHOOSE OUTDOOR ACTIVITIES OVER TECHNOLOGY
( ) 11. (A) sedimentary
(B) arbitrary
(C) sedentary
(D) rudimentary
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此段落討論人們花費大量時間在螢幕前（包括電視、電腦、手機等），並指出這對健康不利，如同看電視與肥胖、糖尿病的關聯。因此，這裡的「extra time」指的是花費在螢幕上的時間，這種時間的性質是靜態的、缺乏活動的。
第 12 題
When you're at home, make it a rule that you can't be online if the sun is shining. ____, you have to go for a walk, ride a bike, swim or get some other kind of healthy physical activity for at least an hour before you can pull out your phone or tablet, or take a seat at the computer. This rule should ____ everyone in your household.
( ) 12. (A) Moreover
(B) Instead
(C) Therefore
(D) Rather than
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此題需要連接前後兩個句子。第一個句子提出一個規則：「天晴時不能上網」。第二個句子提出一個替代方案或做法：「必須先進行一小時的戶外活動」。這兩句話之間是「替代」或「反之」的關係。
- Moreover (而且)：表示遞進關係，不適用。
- Instead (反而，作為替代)：表示用一個動作替代另一個動作，符合文意，即「與其上網，不如先去運動」。
第 13 題
When you're at home, make it a rule that you can't be online if the sun is shining. ____, you have to go for a walk, ride a bike, swim or get some other kind of healthy physical activity for at least an hour before you can pull out your phone or tablet, or take a seat at the computer. This rule should ____ everyone in your household.
( ) 13. (A) be made of
(B) account for
(C) apply to
(D) compete against
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此題考驗考生對動詞片語的理解，以及「rule」（規則）與「household」（家庭成員）之間的關係。規則的目的是要適用於某人或某群人。
第 14 題
- LIMIT SOCIAL MEDIA USE
Social networks have transformed computer and mobile use for people of all ages. Whether it's Facebook, Twitter, Instagram or Snapchat, ____ limits on the amount of time you spend on social media. Avoid aimless browsing and give your time online a purpose: research holidays or catch up on the news of the day. Then ____.
( ) 14. (A) dispose
(B) suppose
(C) impose
(D) interpose
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核心觀念
- 祈使句句型結構：分析長難句結構，辨識由副詞子句修飾的祈使句（以原形動詞開頭）。
- 高頻商管英文動詞搭配詞（Collocation）：掌握動詞與介系詞的固定搭配（）。
- 字根字首辨析（-pose 族群單字）：區分以
-pose（放置）為字根的衍生動詞之字首語意與介系詞用法。
解題方法
- 分析句子結構：
- 前半句
Whether it's Facebook, Twitter, Instagram or Snapchat為Whether A or B引導的讓步副詞子句。 - 後半句為主句，空格位於句首且無主詞，判定為祈使句，需填入原形動詞。
- 前半句
- 鎖定關鍵搭配詞與上下文意：
- 根據段落小標題「LIMIT SOCIAL MEDIA USE」（限制社群媒體使用）以及空格後的受詞與介系詞結構
____ limits on the amount of time you spend on social media。 - 英文中表示「對……施加／設定限制」，慣用搭配為 impose limits on sth。
- 根據段落小標題「LIMIT SOCIAL MEDIA USE」（限制社群媒體使用）以及空格後的受詞與介系詞結構
選項分析
- (A) dispose（錯誤）：
- 字義：配置、安排；使傾向於；處置。
- 用法：不及物動詞時常搭配介系詞
of（dispose of sth，意為「處理、丟棄」）；及物動詞時常用於dispose sb to/toward sth（使某人傾向於……）。無法與limits on搭配，語意不合。
- (B) suppose（錯誤）：
- 字義：假定、推測、猜想。
- 用法：常接名詞子句
suppose (that)...，或以被動型態be supposed to + V表示「應當、理應」。置入空格後語意為「猜想限制」，邏輯不通。
- (C) impose（正確）：
- 字義：施加、強加、課徵、強制實行。
第 15 題
- LIMIT SOCIAL MEDIA USE
Social networks have transformed computer and mobile use for people of all ages. Whether it's Facebook, Twitter, Instagram or Snapchat, ____ limits on the amount of time you spend on social media. Avoid aimless browsing and give your time online a purpose: research holidays or catch up on the news of the day. Then ____.
( ) 15. (A) log in
(B) log off
(C) stand in
(D) stand out
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核心觀念
本題考查社群媒體使用情境中的片語辨識，以及動詞片語與上下文的搭配。
第二空前文說明應限制使用社群媒體、避免漫無目的瀏覽，並為上網設定明確目的；接著以 Then 開始下一個動作，因此需要填入「登出、離線」之意的動詞片語。
解題方法
先觀察語意邏輯：
- 設定社群媒體使用時間限制。
- 有目的地上網，例如查詢旅遊資訊或閱讀新聞。
- 完成使用後離開社群媒體。
因此第二空應表達「登出、離線」，以 log off 最符合語境：
Then log off.
然後登出／離線。
補充：題幹中第一個空格若確實是待填部分，依句意應填 set，完整句子為：
set limits on the amount of time you spend on social media
設定你花在社群媒體上的時間限制
但 set 不在本題所列選項中；第 15 題選項對應的是句末的第二空。
選項分析
第 16 題
- SET ASIDE READING TIME
Challenge yourself ____ read at least 30 pages of a great book before you check your computer or mobile device. Pick the right reading material and you'll soon find you've discovered an enjoyable ____.
( ) 16. (A) to
(B) at
(C) with
(D) into
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此段落標題為「SET ASIDE READING TIME」（安排閱讀時間）。句子「Challenge yourself ____ read at least 30 pages...」是要求讀者「挑戰自己去閱讀」。
- to: "Challenge someone to do something" 是常見的句型，表示「鼓勵某人去做某事」。
第 17 題
- SET ASIDE READING TIME
Challenge yourself ____ read at least 30 pages of a great book before you check your computer or mobile device. Pick the right reading material and you'll soon find you've discovered an enjoyable ____.
( ) 17. (A) pasta
(B) pastry
(C) pandemic
(D) pastime
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此段落鼓勵閱讀，並說「挑選合適的閱讀材料，你很快就會發現你找到了一個令人享受的____」。這個空格應該填入一個名詞，表示「休閒活動」或「娛樂」。
第 18 題
( ) 18. Which of the following serves as the best title for the passage above?
(A) 3 Ways to Stop Drug Addiction
(B) 3 Ways to Stop Sex Addiction
(C) 3 Ways to Stop Alcohol Addiction
(D) 3 Ways to Stop Technology Addiction
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這篇文章總共提出了三個關於如何管理時間、減少螢幕時間的建議：
- CHOOSE OUTDOOR ACTIVITIES OVER TECHNOLOGY (選擇戶外活動而非科技)
- LIMIT SOCIAL MEDIA USE (限制使用社群媒體)
- SET ASIDE READING TIME (安排閱讀時間)
第 19 題
Questions 19-25 refer to the following passage.
The West Indies are a long string of islands separating the Gulf of Mexico from the Caribbean Sea. It is thought that there was once a long wall of volcanoes in the area, but large chunks of it sank into the ocean millions of years ago. The West Indies are ____, is left of this ancient mountain range.
Since the West Indies are located near the Tropic of Cancer and in the trade wind belt, their climate is much like ____ of Hawaii. More specifically, temperatures stay mostly in the 70s and 80s (between 21° C and 32° C) and the windward slopes are much rainier than the leeward slopes, ____ most of the rain falling in the summer months. The West Indies are often hit by destructive hurricanes in late summer and early fall.
( ) 19. (A) which
(B) where
(C) how
(D) what
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核心觀念：複合關係代名詞與名詞子句
本題測驗重點為**複合關係代名詞（Compound Relative Pronoun）**引導名詞子句作主詞補語的用法。
- 基本句型結構：
- 關係詞特性：
- 一般關係代名詞（如
which、who）前方必須有先行詞（名詞）。 - 複合關係代名詞
what本身內含先行詞（等於 或 ），引導名詞子句。 what引導名詞子句時，在子句內部必須充當主詞、受詞或補語（即後方子句為不完整子句）。
- 一般關係代名詞（如
解題方法
-
分析主要子句結構：
- 主詞為 The West Indies（西印度群島），動詞為連綴動詞 are。
- 動詞 are 後方需要一個名詞性成分（名詞子句或名詞片語）充當主詞補語（Subject Complement）。
-
分析從屬子句結構：
- 空格後方為
____ is left of this ancient mountain range。 - 動詞為 is left（被留下／殘存），明顯缺少主詞。
- 空格後方為
-
綜合判斷：
- 空格處需要一個既能引導名詞子句（作 are 的補語），又能在該名詞子句中充當動詞 is left 主詞的連接詞。
第 20 題
Since the West Indies are located near the Tropic of Cancer and in the trade wind belt, their climate is much like ____ of Hawaii. More specifically, temperatures stay mostly in the 70s and 80s (between 21° C and 32° C) and the windward slopes are much rainier than the leeward slopes, ____ most of the rain falling in the summer months. The West Indies are often hit by destructive hurricanes in late summer and early fall.
( ) 20. (A) it
(B) those
(C) that
(D) there
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核心觀念
本題考「替代詞」的用法：為避免重複前文的名詞，英文可用 that 代替單數名詞或不可數名詞，用 those 代替複數名詞。判斷時要先找出比較對象，再確認被代替的名詞單複數。
解題方法
句子的比較結構是：
the West Indies’ climate is much like ____ of Hawaii
西印度群島的氣候很像夏威夷的氣候。
比較的是兩地的 climate（氣候）。此處 climate 是單數名詞，因此用 that 代替，完整句子為 their climate is much like that of Hawaii。其中 of Hawaii 修飾 that，意思是「夏威夷的氣候」。
逗號後的 with most of the rain falling in the summer months 則補充說明降雨情形；
第 21 題
Since the West Indies are located near the Tropic of Cancer and in the trade wind belt, their climate is much like ____ of Hawaii. More specifically, temperatures stay mostly in the 70s and 80s (between 21° C and 32° C) and the windward slopes are much rainier than the leeward slopes, ____ most of the rain falling in the summer months. The West Indies are often hit by destructive hurricanes in late summer and early fall.
( ) 21. (A) while
(B) than
(C) despite
(D) with
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此題考驗考生對連接詞或介係詞的理解，以及句子之間的關係。空格 21 位於「...the windward slopes are much rainier than the leeward slopes, ____ most of the rain falling in the summer months.」這個句子中。前半句描述了風迎坡比背風坡更濕潤，後半句補充說明了雨水的主要季節。這兩部分之間是「伴隨」或「補充」的關係。
第 22 題
When Columbus first set foot on San Salvador in the Bahamas in 1492, he saw a red-skinned people, ____ were very different from his fellow Spaniards. He called the island chain the Indies, ____ he had made it to India. As time passed, these islands came to be called the West Indies so as not to be ____ with the East Indies.
[1] Upon his return to Spain, Columbus stirred interest in the area and Spaniards started coming to the West Indies and formed colonies on Cuba, Hispianola, Jamaica, and other islands in the 16th century. [2] The colonists were mainly interested in exporting sugar, coffee, tropical fruits, rum, and spices to their motherlands. European land owners imported slaves from Africa for labor on their plantations. [3] After the Second World War, most of these colonies gained their independence, but many have turned into politically somewhat unstable countries. [4]
( ) 22. (A) that
(B) which
(C) who
(D) in which
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核心觀念
本題考「非限定關係子句」與關係代名詞的選擇。逗號後的子句補充說明前面的名詞，稱為非限定關係子句；先行詞是指被關係子句修飾的名詞。
句中的先行詞是 a red-skinned people，指一群人。空格後的 were 缺少主詞，因此空格須填能代替先行詞、並在子句中作主詞的關係代名詞。
解題方法
先看標點：空格前有逗號，表示這裡是補充說明「一群人」的非限定關係子句。再看空格在子句中的作用：
a red-skinned people, ____ were very different from his fellow Spaniards
空格後接動詞 were，空格須作主詞；先行詞又是人，因此用關係代名詞 who：
第 23 題
When Columbus first set foot on San Salvador in the Bahamas in 1492, he saw a red-skinned people, ____ were very different from his fellow Spaniards. He called the island chain the Indies, ____ he had made it to India. As time passed, these islands came to be called the West Indies so as not to be ____ with the East Indies.
[1] Upon his return to Spain, Columbus stirred interest in the area and Spaniards started coming to the West Indies and formed colonies on Cuba, Hispianola, Jamaica, and other islands in the 16th century. [2] The colonists were mainly interested in exporting sugar, coffee, tropical fruits, rum, and spices to their motherlands. European land owners imported slaves from Africa for labor on their plantations. [3] After the Second World War, most of these colonies gained their independence, but many have turned into politically somewhat unstable countries. [4]
( ) 23. (A) thought
(B) thinking
(C) think
(D) thinks
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核心觀念：分詞構句（Participle Clauses）與句子結構分析
本題考查分詞構句（現在分詞表主動伴隨狀態／原因）及句型結構的完整性。
句型結構基本原則：
- 一個完整的英文簡單句，只能有一個主要主詞與一個主要動詞（限定動詞，Finite Verb）。
- 若要在同一個句子中出現兩個以上的限定動詞，必須有對等連接詞（如 and, but）或從屬連接詞（如 because, when, that）連接。
- 若無連接詞，第二個動作通常須轉換為非限定動詞（Non-finite Verb），即「分詞構句」（分詞片語修飾主句主詞）。
解題方法
- 鎖定題目考點所在句子：
"He called the island chain the Indies, ____ he had made it to India."
- 分析句子成分與結構：
- 主句主詞：
He - 主句動詞：
called - 受詞：
the island chain - 受詞補語：
the Indies - 後方結構：
he had made it to India為一個完整子句（前面省略了名詞子句連接詞that，作think的受詞子句）。
- 主句主詞：
- 判斷空格所需的詞性與形式：
- 主句
He called...已有主要動詞called。 - 空格前有逗號（
,），但前後完全沒有連接詞（如 and, as, because）。 - 主詞
He（哥倫布）與動作think之間為主動關係（「他認為自己已經抵達印度」）。 - 原狀為副詞子句省略連接詞與主詞演變而來的分詞構句：
原句：He called the island chain the Indies, because/as he thought (that) he had made it to India.
- 主句
第 24 題
When Columbus first set foot on San Salvador in the Bahamas in 1492, he saw a red-skinned people, ____ were very different from his fellow Spaniards. He called the island chain the Indies, ____ he had made it to India. As time passed, these islands came to be called the West Indies so as not to be ____ with the East Indies.
[1] Upon his return to Spain, Columbus stirred interest in the area and Spaniards started coming to the West Indies and formed colonies on Cuba, Hispianola, Jamaica, and other islands in the 16th century. [2] The colonists were mainly interested in exporting sugar, coffee, tropical fruits, rum, and spices to their motherlands. European land owners imported slaves from Africa for labor on their plantations. [3] After the Second World War, most of these colonies gained their independence, but many have turned into politically somewhat unstable countries. [4]
( ) 24. (A) confused
(B) decreased
(C) reduced
(D) connected
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核心觀念
本題考「動詞與介系詞的固定搭配」及上下文語意。句型是 be confused with，意為「與……混淆」。句中的 so as not to 表示「為了不……」，後面接原形動詞。
解題方法
關鍵句為：
these islands came to be called the West Indies so as not to be ____ with the East Indies.
句意是「這些島嶼後來被稱為西印度群島，為了避免與東印度群島混淆」。空格後接 with，且前面的 not to be 表示要避免某種狀況，因此應填入可與 with 搭配、並符合「混淆」語意的 confused。
選項分析
第 25 題
When Columbus first set foot on San Salvador in the Bahamas in 1492, he saw a red-skinned people, ____ were very different from his fellow Spaniards. He called the island chain the Indies, ____ he had made it to India. As time passed, these islands came to be called the West Indies so as not to be ____ with the East Indies.
[1] Upon his return to Spain, Columbus stirred interest in the area and Spaniards started coming to the West Indies and formed colonies on Cuba, Hispianola, Jamaica, and other islands in the 16th century. [2] The colonists were mainly interested in exporting sugar, coffee, tropical fruits, rum, and spices to their motherlands. European land owners imported slaves from Africa for labor on their plantations. [3] After the Second World War, most of these colonies gained their independence, but many have turned into politically somewhat unstable countries. [4]
( ) 25. In which of the position marked [1], [2], [3], and [4] does the following sentence best belong?
"The seventeenth and eighteenth centuries saw colonization of many of these islands by other European countries, mainly France and England."
(A) [1]
(B) [2]
(C) [3]
(D) [4]
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核心觀念
本題考「段落插句」與「篇章銜接」，判斷句子應放在哪個位置時，須注意：
- 時間順序：文章依序談到 1492 年、16 世紀、17、18 世紀、第二次世界大戰後。
- 主題延續：前句談西班牙殖民，待插入句談其他歐洲國家的殖民。
- 代名詞與指涉：
these islands指前文提到的西印度群島。 - 因果與發展順序：殖民歷史發展後，才進一步說明殖民地的經濟活動與奴隸勞動。
解題方法
待插入句為：
The seventeenth and eighteenth centuries saw colonization of many of these islands by other European countries, mainly France and England.
句意是：「十七、十八世紀，許多這些島嶼遭到其他歐洲國家殖民，主要是法國與英國。」
文章前段的時間線如下：
- 1492 年：哥倫布抵達巴哈馬。
- 16 世紀：西班牙人開始前往西印度群島並建立殖民地。
- 17、18 世紀：法國、英國等其他歐洲國家殖民部分島嶼。
- 後續：殖民者經營糖、咖啡等產業，並從非洲輸入奴隸。
- 第二次世界大戰後：多數殖民地獨立。
因此，待插入句應接在「西班牙於 16 世紀建立殖民地」之後，並置於殖民經濟活動之前，也就是 [1] 之後、[2] 之前。
插入後的銜接如下：
Spaniards started coming to the West Indies and formed colonies ... in the 16th century. The seventeenth and eighteenth centuries saw colonization ... by other European countries. The colonists were mai
第 26 題
III. Structure (20%):
( ) 26. ____ the doctor told Maxie about the vaccine's side effects, he would have refused it.
(A) Had
(B) If
(C) Should
(D) Having
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本題考驗考生對假設語氣的掌握，特別是與過去事實相反的假設。句子的後半部分「he would have refused it」是典型的與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣結構（would have + 過去分詞）。這表示前半部分的條件句也應該是與過去事實相反的。
- Had: 用於構成與過去事實相反的假設語氣，且通常省略
if，將had提前。例如："Had the doctor told Maxie..."，這是一個完整的假設語氣句型。 - If: 可以引導假設語氣，但通常搭配
had + 過去分詞。
第 27 題
( ) 27. The wounded ____ sent to a nearby hospital after the wildfire set the old market ablaze.
(A) were
(B) was
(C) had
(D) being
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題目中譯
在野火將舊市場吞噬成一片火海後，傷患被送往附近的一家醫院。
核心觀念
本題測驗的核心文法為**「the + 形容詞／分詞」表示「特定類群的人」（複數集合名詞）以及被動語態之主謂一致（Subject-Verb Agreement）**。
- 結構公式：
「」在指稱具備該特質的一群人時，視為複數名詞，後方的動詞必須搭配複數動詞。- 例：the rich（富人們）、the poor（窮人們）、the injured / the wounded（傷患們）。
- 被動語態公式：
受詞被動承受動作時，結構為「」。將人送醫是「被送往」（be sent to）。
解題方法
- 分析主詞屬性：
句首主詞為「The wounded」，此處為「」表示「受傷的人們／傷患全體」，具複數概念（相當於 wounded people）。 - 分析句型結構與語態：
空格後方緊接過去分詞 sent 以及介系詞片語 to a nearby hospital。傷者是被送去醫院，故主要子句需構成過去式被動語態（）。 - 主謂一致性匹配：
第 28 題
( ) 28. Tesla, manufacturer of ____ vehicles, tops Toyota to become the largest automaker by market value.
(A) electricity-powering
(B) electricity-powered
(C) power-electricity
(D) powered-electricity
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本題考驗考生對複合形容詞的理解，以及 Tesla 的汽車類型。Tesla 生產的是電動汽車，其動力來源是電力。
- electricity-powering: 雖然可以理解，但不如
electricity-powered常用。powering是現在分詞，表示「正在提供電力」。
第 29 題
( ) 29. When Professor Brand celebrates his birthday next week, he will ____ the research team for more than 30 years.
(A) lead
(B) be leading
(C) have been leading
(D) have been led
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本題考驗考生對未來時態和動詞時態的掌握。句子前半部分「When Professor Brand celebrates his birthday next week」設定了未來的時間點。後半部分「he will ____ the research team for more than 30 years」描述的是在那個未來時間點，他將持續領導研究團隊的狀態。
- lead: 簡單未來式，表示在未來某個時間點「將領導」。
- be leading: 未來進行式，表示在未來某個時間點「將正在領導」。
第 30 題
( ) 30. ____ the fast-food chain only has one branch in Baton Rouge, it plans to open 7 new restaurants by the end of the year.
(A) Unlike
(B) Before
(C) Once
(D) As
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核心觀念
本題考「連接詞」與「子句」的搭配，以及上下句之間的語意關係。
空格後為完整子句：
- 主詞：the fast-food chain
- 動詞：has
- 受詞：only one branch in Baton Rouge
因此，空格應填入能引導完整子句的從屬連接詞。句意為：
「由於這家速食連鎖店在 Baton Rouge 只有一家分店，因此計畫在年底前開設七家新餐廳。」
前半句是原因，後半句是結果，故應使用表示「因為、由於」的連接詞。
解題方法
先判斷空格後的結構。the fast-food chain only has one branch in Baton Rouge 是完整子句，因此不能選只能連接名詞或名詞片語的選項。
再判斷語意：
- 原因：只有一家分店。
- 結果：計畫開設七家新餐廳。
能表達「因為、由於」的選項是 As：
As + 原因子句, 結果子句
因此完整句為：
As the fast-food chain only has one branch in Baton Rouge, it plans to open 7 new restaurants by the end of the year.
選項分析
(A) Unlike
Unlike 是介系詞，表示「不像、不同於」，後面通常接名詞或名詞片語，例如：
Unlike its competitors, the chain has only one branch.
第 31 題
( ) 31. The manager was made ____ the contract under instruction.
(A) signed
(B) to sign
(C) to signing
(D) signing
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本題考驗考生對「make someone do something」或「be made to do something」句型的理解。句子結構是「The manager was made...」，這是一個被動語態。
- make someone do something: 使某人做某事。
- be made to do something: 被迫做某事。
第 32 題
( ) 32. Nicole works as a legal consultant. She could ____ medicine, but her parents didn't agree.
(A) study
(B) be studying
(C) have studied
(D) have been studied
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本題考驗考生對情態動詞和時態的理解。句子結構是「She could ____ medicine, but her parents didn't agree.」。could 是情態動詞，後面應接原形動詞。句子描述的是 Nicole「能夠」學習醫學，但她的父母不同意。這表示這是一個過去的可能性或能力。
- study: 原形動詞，符合
could + verb的結構。表示她有能力或有機會學習醫學。
第 33 題
( ) 33. One cannot be ____ careful when crossing the road!
(A) very
(B) too
(C) but
(D) much
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本題考驗考生對固定片語的理解。句子結構是「One cannot be ____ careful...」。這裡強調的是過度的謹慎，以避免危險。
- very: "cannot be very careful" 意思是「不能非常謹慎」，這與強調需要謹慎的語氣相反。
第 34 題
( ) 34. You had better not ____ customers directly unless it is approved by the department.
(A) contact
(B) have contacted
(C) contacting
(D) contacted
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本題考驗考生對「had better not do something」句型的理解。had better 後面應接原形動詞，表示「最好不要做某事」。
第 35 題
( ) 35. The basketball novice found ____ difficult to keep up with the training schedule as her knee problem worsened.
(A) this
(B) that
(C) there
(D) it
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本題考驗考生對虛設主語 it 的用法。句子結構是「The basketball novice found ____ difficult to keep up with the training schedule...」。這裡的 it 作為形式主語，真正的邏輯主語是後面的不定詞片語 to keep up with the training schedule。
第 36 題
IV. Reading (30%):
Questions 36-40 refer to the following advertisement.
Platform X is accepting applications for a full-time advertising technology software manager position.
We would like to offer the opportunity to staff within the company. The responsibilities of the
position include overseeing and coordinating the people, resources and processes required to deliver
new software or upgrade existing products. The duties of the software manager will include
determining development strategies, analyzing and reporting advertising data, and guaranteeing
compliance with our nation's cyber safety regulations. He or she will communicate often with the
executive for the purpose of discussing the business's growth. Local travel is required. The work
location for this position will be New Taipei City Office, one of our 8 branches in Taiwan. The
candidate must have a master's degree in computer science or related engineering discipline with 2 or
more years of system or web application development experience. Strong verbal and written
communication skills are mandatory. Anyone within the organization who wishes to apply for this job
should e-mail a cover letter and résumé to Emma Singh of administrative services at
[email protected].
( ) 36. For whom is the advertisement intended?
(A) Internet security specialists
(B) New trainees
(C) Advertising executives
(D) Existing employees
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核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「判斷廣告受眾」。作答時要找出文中直接指出應徵對象的線索，再與選項比對。
解題方法
文中提到，公司希望提供「公司內部員工」申請這個職位的機會，並說明「組織內任何想申請這份工作的人」都可以寄送求職信與履歷。這些訊息明確表示，廣告是給現職員工看的。
選項分析
- (A) Internet security specialists：錯。職務內容提及遵守網路安全法規，但沒有說廣告是專門刊登給網路安全專家。
- (B) New trainees：錯。文中沒有提到新人或受訓人員；
第 37 題
( ) 37. According to the advertisement, what is NOT a responsibility of the job?
(A) Keeping track of advertising information
(B) Raising funds for the company
(C) Taking a business trip to Kaohsiung
(D) Meeting with upper management
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核心觀念
本題考查細節理解與否定反向判斷（Negative Factual Information / NOT-Question），以及商務英語中的同義替換與職責辨析（Paraphrasing & Job Responsibilities）。考生需快速在招聘廣告（Job Advertisement）的「工作職責（Responsibilities / Duties）」區塊定位資訊，並辨識同義改寫詞彙：
- analyzing and reporting advertising data keeping track of advertising information
- communicate often with executives / upper management meeting with upper management
- local travel is required taking a business trip
解題方法
- 抓取題幹關鍵字與條件：
題幹詢問：According to the advertisement, what is NOT a responsibility of the job?（根據該招聘廣告，何者不是該職位的職責？），關鍵在於反向選出「文章未提及」或「非職務範圍」的選項。 - 定位原文職責清單（Responsibilities / Requirements）：
回歸廣告內文對該職位工作內容的條列：- 負責廣告數據的監控、分析與報告。
- 需配合國內差旅（Local travel），包含前往台灣其他分部（如高雄）。
- 需定期與公司高階主管（Executives / Upper management）匯報與開會溝通。
- 比對刪除法：
將上述三項在文中已獲證實的職責逐一剔除，剩下的選項即為正解。
第 38 題
( ) 38. What is mentioned about the advertised position?
(A) It is a time-limited offer.
(B) It offers a number of work locations.
(C) It requires completion of a certain level of education.
(D) It provides a full benefits package.
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此題要求找出關於該職位的已提及資訊。
- (A) It is a time-limited offer (限時提供)：廣告中沒有提及這是限時職位。
- (B) It offers a number of work locations (提供多個工作地點)：廣告中提到「The work location for this position will be New Taipei City Office, one of our 8 branches in Taiwan.」，這表示有多個分支機構，而工作地點是其中之一，暗示可能存在其他地點或是在這些地點之間輪調。
- (C) It requires completion of a certain level of education (要求特定教育程度)：廣告中明確提到「The candidate must have a master's degree in computer science or related engineering discipline...」，這符合要求特定教育程度。
- (D) It provides a full benefits package (提供完整的福利)：廣告中沒有提及福利待遇。
第 39 題
( ) 39. What should interested applicants do?
(A) Send some documents.
(B) Visit a branch.
(C) Call a number.
(D) Speak to Emma Singh
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此題要求找出申請者應該採取的行動。廣告最後提到：「Anyone within the organization who wishes to apply for this job should e-mail a cover letter and résumé to Emma Singh of administrative services at [email protected].」
第 40 題
( ) 40. What is indicated about Platform X?
(A) It is the largest advertising technology company in New Taipei City.
(B) It failed to obey the nation's cyber security regulations.
(C) It operates a number of branches in Taiwan.
(D) It is open 6 days a week.
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此題要求找出關於 Platform X 的已知資訊。
- (A) It is the largest advertising technology company in New Taipei City：廣告中沒有提及這是最大的公司。
第 41 題
Questions 41-45 refer to the following article.
Personal robots, such as Amazon Echo and Google Home, have come a long way in recent years. They can tell you the weather and order you food. They can dim your lights and play your favorite song. But fundamentally, they're still stationary speakers whose defining expression is a light that turns on when you speak.
Jibo is different. It's not just that he-and I use the term he here, because that's how Jibo refers to himself-looks like something straight out of a Pixar movie, with a big, round head and a face that uses animated icons to convey emotion. It's not just that his body swivels and swerves while he speaks, as if he's talking with his nonexistent hands. It's not just that he can giggle and dance and turn to face you, wherever you are, as soon as you say, "Hey, Jibo."
It's that, because of all this, Jibo seems downright human in a way that his predecessors do not. "We want people to look at Jibo and realize he's a someone and not a something," says Matt Revis, the company's vice president of product management. And while that technology may seem merely amusing-or creepy, depending on your point of view-it could fundamentally reshape how we interact with machines.
( ) 41. Where would the article most likely be found?
(A) In a technology magazine
(B) In a local tourist brochure
(C) In a journal on transportation
(D) In a recipe book
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核心觀念
本題考查文章出處與體裁推論能力（Text Genre and Source Inference）。考生需透過文章的主題關鍵字、探討範疇、文體風格及核心論點，辨識出該文本最可能刊載的媒體或刊物類型。
解題方法
- 抓取核心主題與關鍵名詞：
- 第一段引言即點出 Personal robots（個人機器人）、Amazon Echo、Google Home 及智慧音訊裝置（stationary speakers）。
- 第二段與第三段聚焦於新型社交機器人 Jibo 的設計、肢體動作與情感互動機制。
- 文末總結於該技術對未來人機互動的深遠影響（fundamental reshape how we interact with machines）。
- 評估行文風格與適用媒介：
- 全文深入淺出地比較傳統語音助理與新一代擬人化機器人的差異，並引述產品副總裁（Matt Revis）的觀點，屬於典型的科技產品評測與未來趨勢報導。因此最可能刊登於「科技雜誌」。
選項分析
- (A) In a technology magazine（在科技雜誌中）：【正確】
全文主題圍繞家用個人機器人（personal robots）、人工智慧語音裝置、動畫互動科技以及人機互動介面的演進，內容與論述風格完全符合大眾科技雜誌（如 Wired、*MIT
第 42 題
( ) 42. Which of the following is the most possible pictorial presentation of Jibo?
(A) 🖼️【此處有附圖，請對照原卷】
(B) 🖼️【此處有附圖，請對照原卷】
(C) 🖼️【此處有附圖，請對照原卷】
(D) 🖼️【此處有附圖，請對照原卷】
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本題要求根據文章對 Jibo 的描述，選擇最可能的圖片呈現。文章中描述 Jibo 如下：「Jibo is different... looks like something straight out of a Pixar movie, with a big, round head and a face that uses animated icons to convey emotion. It's not just that his body swivels and swerves while he speaks, as if he's talking with his nonexistent hands.」
第 43 題
( ) 43. What will Jibo do once he hears "Hey, Jibo."?
(A) Turn itself off.
(B) Answer "What can I do for you?".
(C) Produce laughing sound and move.
(D) Raise his robotic hands.
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本題考驗考生對文章細節的理解。文章中提到：「It's not just that he can giggle and dance and turn to face you, wherever you are, as soon as you say, "Hey, Jibo."」
- (A) Turn itself off：與文章描述相反，聽到指令後 Jibo 會有所反應。
第 44 題
( ) 44. What tasks can Jibo perform, according to the passage?
(A) Connect to apps like Uber.
(B) Stream music on demand.
(C) Provide main points of an article.
(D) Help with house chores.
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本題考驗考生對文章內容的理解，關於 Jibo 能執行的任務。文章中提到：
「Although he can help users in basic ways, like by summarizing news stories and taking photos, he can't yet play music requests or work with third-party apps like Domino's and Uber, which, at
第 45 題
( ) 45. What is implied about Matt Revis?
(A) He is going to work on developing a better product.
(B) He is going to adjust the selling price.
(C) He is going to resign from the current position.
(D) He is going to transfer to another department.
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核心觀念
本題屬於閱讀測驗中的推論題型（Inference Question），評量重點在於：
- 語意銜接與言外之意：理解說話者所處的情境脈絡，並透過關鍵字詞（如轉折詞、隱喻、動詞）推導其未明說但合乎邏輯的後續行動或立場。
- 職務身分與發言意圖之連結：結合人物的專業身分背景與其對產品現況的評價，做出精準合理的事實延伸。
解題方法
- 定位關鍵人物與發言段落：
在文章末段定位關鍵人物 Matt Revis 及其職稱 vice president of product management（產品管理副總裁）。 - 分析上下文脈絡與引文內容：
- 前文背景：文章提到 Jibo 機器人目前面臨兩大劣勢——售價高昂（定價 $899，遠高於競品）且功能尚未完備（無法播放音樂、未支援第三方應用程式）。
- 關鍵發言：文章接著以副詞 Still 進行語氣轉折，引出 Matt Revis 的回應：
“Still, Matt Revis, Jibo’s vice president of product management, says that’s part of the journey. ‘There was a threshold we had to reach in order to launch,’ he says. ‘Now [Jibo] will evolve.’”
- 邏輯推導（Inference）：
Matt Revis 將目前功能有限的產品視為「旅程的一部分（part of the journey）」，並說明第一代產品只是達到上市的最低門檻（threshold to launch），接下來「它將會持續演進（will evolve）」。
第 46 題
Questions 46-47 refer to the following press release.
The British Museum and the Marsh Charitable Trust announce the winners of the 2020 volunteer awards, celebrating the work and achievements of museum volunteers across the UK. Among all of the awards, the aim of the Volunteers for Museum Learning award is to recognize those volunteers who engage directly with museum visitors in any capacity. This could involve leading a school group, staffing an information desk, helping with family activities, running a guided tour or any number of other ways in which volunteers provide such excellent support to museum visitors. There were a large number of applications from across the UK, some from groups of volunteers and some from individuals. The judges consisted of staff from the Marsh Trust, staff and volunteers from the British Museum and a representative from National Museum Wales. The British Museum is delighted to host the awards each year, celebrating the valuable contribution volunteers make to the running of the Museum and its enjoyment by the public. Due to the British Museum's involvement in the ceremony and judging, volunteers from the British Museum are ineligible for the awards.
( ) 46. Why is the announcement written?
(A) To criticize
(B) To entertain
(C) To persuade
(D) To explain
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核心觀念
本題考查文章寫作目的（Author's Purpose / Communicative Function）與新聞稿（Press Release）文體分析。
在英文閱讀測驗中，判斷作者寫作目的通常需觀察：
- 文體類型：如新聞稿（Press Release）、公告（Announcement）、社論（Editorial）、論說文（Persuasive Essay）或故事散文（Narrative）。
- 首尾段及主題句（Topic Sentences）：掌握文章的主要交際意圖（告知資訊、說服論證、批判反對或娛樂大眾）。
- 語氣用詞（Tone and Diction）：客觀陳述、正面肯定、情感煽動或批判諷刺。
解題方法
-
辨別文體與主旨句：
題幹標註該文本為一份新聞稿（press release）。文章第一句即開宗明義點出發布目的："The British Museum and the Marsh Charitable Trust announce the winners of the 2020 volunteer awards, celebrating the work and achievements of museum volunteers across the UK."
（大英博物館與馬許慈善信託宣布 2020 年志工獎獲獎名單，藉此表揚全英國博物館志工的貢獻與成就。） -
分析內文結構與資訊傳達：
- 第二至三句說明該獎項的設立宗旨與志工的工作範疇（"the aim... is to recognize...", "This could involve..."）。
- 第四至五句說明申請狀況與評審團組成（"The judges consisted of staff..."）。
- 最後一句說明參賽限制與利益迴避原則（"Due to the British Museum's involvement..., volunteers from the British Museum are ineligible..."）。
第 47 題
( ) 47. A volunteer from the British Museum cannot apply for the "Volunteers for Museum Learning" award because
(A) someone from the British Museum gives opinions about the winners
(B) the Marsh Charitable Trust cancels the award
(C) there are not enough applications
(D) National Museum Wales co-hosts the event
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本題要求找出英國博物館（British Museum）的志工無法申請「Volunteers for Museum Learning」獎項的原因。文章中明確提到：「Due to the British Museum's involvement in the ceremony and judging, volunteers from the British Museum are ineligible for the awards.」（由於英國博物館參與了頒獎典禮和評審工作，英國博物館的志工沒有資格獲得獎項。）
- (A) someone from the British Museum gives opinions about the winners：文章提到「The judges consisted of staff from the Marsh Trust, staff and volunteers from the Britis
第 48 題
Questions 48-50 refer to the following article.
In recent years, fall has become virtually synonymous with pumpkin spice, as U.S. grocery stories and cafés tout the flavor in everything from beer and lattes to Oreo cookies. But the trend is even more novel-if not downright impressive-when you consider how Americans once viewed the squash.
Among colonial settlers, pumpkin "was a food of last resort," says Cindy Ott, author of Pumpkin: The Curious History of an American Icon. Because the crop was a new-world native, it was seen as primitive. In fact, "pumpkin eater" was a derogatory term for a poor, ignorant farmer. (Hence the nursery rhyme "Peter, Peter, Pumpkin Eater," about a man who can't read or spell.) Things began to change when Americans flocked to cities in the mid-19th century. Nostalgia for farm life meant nostalgia for pumpkins. They were rebranded as a treat, especially after the 1844 publication of Lydia Maria Child's poem "Over the River and Through the Wood," which ends with a cheer for pumpkin pie.
But if nostalgia saved the pumpkin's reputation, the crop returned the favor. In the 20th century, small producers threatened by industrial farms found that roadside pick-your-own pumpkin patches and pumpkin festivals could draw customers to the country which only made the pumpkin even more of a sign of the season. Last year, sales of pumpkin-flavored products generated more than $400 million, an all-time high.
( ) 48. What is the article mainly about?
(A) The relation between pumpkin and literature.
(B) The reasons why pumpkin causes nostalgia.
(C) The cultural evolution of pumpkin.
(D) The change of pumpkin flavor.
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核心觀念
本題考查文章主旨判讀：要掌握全文共同討論的核心，而非只根據某個細節選答案。
文章描述南瓜在美國文化中的形象如何改變：殖民時期，南瓜被視為窮人不得已才吃的食物；十九世紀中期，城市居民懷念農村生活，南瓜逐漸成為令人喜愛的食物；到了二十世紀，南瓜園與南瓜節又讓南瓜成為秋季象徵，並帶動南瓜口味商品的銷售。
解題方法
閱讀首段可見南瓜口味商品已成為秋季流行趨勢；接著作者回顧南瓜過去的低下形象，說明它如何因懷舊情感、詩歌、南瓜園與節慶活動而轉變，最後成為廣受歡迎的季節象徵。
因此，全文主軸是南瓜形象與文化地位隨時間演變，對應 (C) The cultural evolution of pumpkin。
選項分析
(A) The relation between pumpkin and literature.
文章提到《Over the River and Through the Wood》這首詩，說明詩中對南瓜派的讚美有助於南瓜形象轉變。
第 49 題
( ) 49. The underlined word "derogatory" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to
(A) intelligent
(B) aggressive
(C) popular
(D) insulting
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本題考驗考生對單字的理解。第二段提到：「In fact, 'pumpkin eater' was a derogatory term for a poor, ignorant farmer.」（事實上，「南瓜食者」是一個貶低貧窮、無知的農民的稱呼。）
第 50 題
( ) 50. What is indicated about "Over the River and Through the Wood"?
(A) It helped promote pumpkins.
(B) It provided yearly sales figures of pumpkins.
(C) It was inspired by nostalgia.
(D) It gained popularity after 1844.
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本題考驗考生對文章細節的理解。文章中提到：「They were rebranded as a treat, especially after the 1844 publication of Lydia Maria Child's poem "Over the River and Through the Wood," which ends with a cheer for pumpkin pie.」
- (A) It helped promote pumpkins：文章提到這首詩「ends with a cheer for pumpkin pie」，並在「1844 publication」之後，南瓜被重新包裝成一種「treat」（享受），這暗示了詩歌的出版對推廣南瓜（特別是南瓜派）起到了促進作用。