115 年 國立臺灣大學免疫學研究所《英文（A）》

Select the term that most logically completes each sentence based on the provided context.

1. The report highlights the urgent need to address global income ______, noting that the wealth gap between the top 1% and the rest of the population has reached historic levels. Without intervention, economists warn that this imbalance could trigger long-term social instability.
   (A) equality
   (B) inequality
   (C) harmony
   (D) stability

2. The researcher's claims were supported by extensive empirical ______, gathered over a ten-year longitudinal study. By providing raw data and measurable results, the team was able to move the theory from a mere hypothesis to a widely accepted scientific fact.
   (A) imagination
   (B) evidence
   (C) ideology
   (D) rhetoric

3. The policy aims to promote sustainable development rather than short-term ______, that satisfy quarterly shareholders but deplete natural resources. This shift in strategy prioritizes the health of the ecosystem for future generations over immediate financial profit.
   (A) gains
   (B) delays
   (C) ethics
   (D) equity

4. The findings were later ______ by independent studies conducted at three different universities. This successful reproduction of the original results confirmed the reliability of the initial data and strengthened the scientific consensus.
   (A) contradicted
   (B) replicated
   (C) ignored
   (D) concealed

5. The author adopts a ______ tone throughout the article, carefully weighing the pros and cons of the legislation without showing personal bias. This objective approach allows readers to form their own conclusions based on the presented facts.
   (A) sarcastic
   (B) sentimental
   (C) hostile
   (D) neutral

6. Advances in biotechnology, such as CRISPR and gene editing, have raised serious ethical ______, regarding the limits of human intervention. Scientists and philosophers alike are now debating whether the ability to "design" offspring outweighs the potential social risks.
   (A) conveniences
   (B) dilemmas
   (C) advantages
   (D) traditions

7. The proposal was rejected due to its lack of theoretical ______, as the committee felt the project was based more on anecdotal observation than established academic frameworks. Without a solid starting point, the reviewers felt the project's goals were unattainable.
   (A) rigor
   (B) decoration
   (C) ambition
   (D) curiosity

8. The data suggest a clear ______ between education level and health outcomes, indicating that individuals with higher degrees often have better access to preventative care. Researchers are now looking into whether this link is primarily driven by income or by health literacy.
   (A) obstacle
   (B) correlation
   (C) contradiction
   (D) illusion

9. The committee reached a ______ decision after extensive discussion, ensuring that every member was in full agreement before moving forward. This total consensus was seen as a vital show of unity during a period of corporate restructuring.
   (A) unanimous
   (B) accidental
   (C) impulsive
   (D) reluctant

10. The study focuses on communities that are socially and economically ______, specifically those living in "food deserts" with limited access to fresh produce. By highlighting these underserved populations, the researchers hope to influence local zoning laws.
    (A) dominant
    (B) privileged
    (C) marginalized
    (D) commercial

11. The lecture emphasized the importance of critical thinking in an age of information ______, where the sheer volume of digital content can make it difficult to distinguish fact from fiction. Students were encouraged to verify sources before sharing headlines.
    (A) scarcity
    (B) balance
    (C) equality
    (D) overload

12. The theory has been widely accepted, though not without ______ from a small group of physicists who believe the mathematical model is incomplete. Despite these objections, the theory remains the primary framework used in the field today.
    (A) consensus
    (B) popularity
    (C) efficiency
    (D) criticism

13. The passage primarily argues that technological systems:
    (A) eliminate linguistic power relations
    (B) operate independently of discourse
    (C) reshape how power circulates through language
    (D) neutralize ideological influence

14. The author challenges claims of technological neutrality by emphasizing:
    (A) computational error
    (B) market incentives
    (C) embedded assumptions in design
    (D) user resistance

15. The phrase "less visible forms" suggests that power relations are:
    (A) diminishing
    (B) becoming more transparent
    (C) irrelevant to discourse
    (D) concealed within technical systems

16. Universities are presented as institutions that must:
    (A) adapt by adopting new technologies
    (B) abandon traditional language instruction
    (C) resist digital transformation
    (D) cultivate critical awareness of mediation

17. Which implied concept is central to the passage's argument?
    (A) Discursive authority
    (B) Technological autonomy
    (C) Economic productivity
    (D) Linguistic efficiency

18. The primary purpose of the passage is to:
    (A) describe recent advances in Al technology
    (B) argue that Al errors are unavoidable and harmless
    (C) examine risks associated with Al use
    (D) promote wider adoption of Al in education

19. According to the passage, why are Al hallucinations particularly problematic?
    (A) They occur randomly and unpredictably
    (B) They are caused by intentional system design
    (C) They often appear confident and credible
    (D) They only affect non-expert users

20. The legal research example primarily serves to:
    (A) criticize the legal profession
    (B) argue that Al should be banned from professional use
    (C) show how bias affects Al training data
    (D) illustrate how fluency can conceal factual errors

21. Which conclusion does the author reach?
    (A) Al systems will soon develop independent judgment
    (B) Technical solutions can fully eliminate bias
    (C) Human users remain responsible for verifying Al output
    (D) Al is more reliable than traditional research methods

22. The phrase "informed skepticism" most nearly means:
    (A) complete rejection of Al-generated content
    (B) uncritical acceptance of fluent language
    (C) reliance on Al over human expertise
    (D) careful evaluation rather than automatic trust

23. The author's overall stance toward Al in education can best be described as:
    (A) strongly optimistic
    (B) cautiously critical but constructive
    (C) entirely oppositional
    (D) neutral and descriptive

24. In a move seen as a symbolic step toward reconciliation between the Catholic and Anglican churches, King Charles has made history as the first ______ British monarch to pray publicly with a pope since Henry VIII's 1534 split from Rome.
    (A) crowning
    (B) aspiring
    (C) achieving
    (D) reigning

25. As public concern over digital surveillance and data misuse continues to grow, several governments around the world have begun to ______ new regulations requiring technology companies to disclose in greater detail how user data are collected, stored, and monetized.
    (A) loosen
    (B) enact
    (C) inherit
    (D) speculate

26. In its official citation, the Nobel Committee emphasized that the prize was awarded not for a single breakthrough or isolated experiment, but for decades of ______ research that fundamentally reshaped both theory and practice in the field.
    (A) intermittent
    (B) speculative
    (C) sustained
    (D) accidental

27. Facing mounting criticism from regulators and the public, the company issued a formal apology, conceding that its earlier public statement had been ______ and therefore failed to address key concerns raised by stakeholders.
    (A) ambiguous
    (B) redundant
    (C) transparent
    (D) consistent

28. Fueled by prolonged drought conditions and unusually strong winds, the wildfire rapidly ______ containment efforts, overwhelming emergency responders and spreading across multiple regions within days.
    (A) undermined
    (B) justified
    (C) predicted
    (D) regulated

29. Although the economic reform package was initially met with skepticism from both opposition parties and financial analysts, it has since been ______ by subsequent data showing improved fiscal stability.
    (A) dismissed
    (B) contested
    (C) vindicated
    (D) postponed

30. What began as a single employee's disclosure soon ______ a broader public debate about corporate accountability, regulatory oversight, and the ethical responsibilities of multinational firms.
    (A) obscured
    (B) triggered
    (C) neutralized
    (D) confined

31. Rather than relying on dramatic imagery or emotional appeals, the documentary adopts a ______ approach, offering a careful and evidence-based examination of the long-term social consequences of rapid urbanization.
    (A) superficial
    (B) partisan
    (C) measured
    (D) fragmented

32. Despite early optimism and repeated rounds of negotiation, the peace talks eventually ______ when the two sides failed to reach agreement on territorial boundaries and security guarantees.
    (A) culminated
    (B) stabilized
    (C) converged
    (D) collapsed

33. In its ruling, the court concluded that the surveillance program, although justified on grounds of national security, nevertheless ______ constitutional protections related to privacy and due process.
    (A) reinforced
    (B) expanded
    (C) clarified
    (D) infringed

34. What initially appeared to be a minor technical malfunction was later recognized by engineers as of
    deeper structural flaws embedded in the system's original design.
    (A) symptomatic
    (B) dismissive
    (C) incidental
    (D) decorative

After years of pandemic restrictions, Japan has experienced a dramatic rebound in international tourism, driven by a weak yen, expanded flight routes, and pent-up global demand. While the surge has delivered clear economic benefits, it has also (35) long-standing tensions between national growth strategies and local capacity, particularly in historic districts and rural destinations unaccustomed to sustained visitor pressure.
Choose the best or most context-appropriate word to finish the sentence.
35.
(A) resolved
(B) exacerbated
(C) neutralized
(D) postponed

In cities such as Kyoto and Kamakura, residents have raised concerns about congestion, noise, and the erosion of everyday life. Local governments, once eager to attract tourists, now find themselves (36) by needing to balance between promoting economic recovery and responding to mounting public frustration.
Choose the best or most context-appropriate word to finish the sentence.
36.
(A) insulated
(B) constrained
(C) suspended
(D) aligned

Choose the best or most context-appropriate word to finish the sentence.
37.
(A) privileging
(B) obscuring
(C) redistributing
(D) compensating

(A) diluted
(B) instrumentalized
(C) commemorated
(D) standardized

(A) anomaly
(B) concession
(C) recalibration
(D) solution

Replace the target word or phrase with one of the four options. The correct answer must maintain the original meaning without altering the sentence's logical or grammatical structure.
40. As a widely used social media platform faces mounting criticism over data breaches and algorithmic bias, the controversy has raised the stakes for a company already under intense regulatory and public scrutiny.
(A) intensified media scrutiny
(B) increased the seriousness and potential consequences
(C) accelerated the pace of product development
(D) exposed long-standing organizational weaknesses

41. Given the volatile nature of the market, the CEO decided to hedge her bets by diversifying the company's investment portfolio across multiple sectors.
    (A) take a significant financial risk
    (B) reduce the risk of a loss by following several courses of action
    (C) withdraw all capital from the current market
    (D) focus exclusively on the highest-performing asset

42. The legal team warned that the new regulations might stifle innovation within the tech industry by imposing excessive administrative hurdles.
    (A) encourage and support growth
    (B) provide a framework for development
    (C) suppress or prevent
    (D) monitor the progress of a project

43. Critics argued that the politician's speech was merely rhetoric, designed to appease the crowd without offering any concrete policy solutions.
    (A) language designed to have a persuasive effect but often lacking sincerity
    (B) a detailed and actionable legislative plan
    (C) an aggressive and confrontational style of debate
    (D) a humble apology for past mistakes

44. Although the initial results were promising, the researchers remained cautious, knowing that the small sample size was a caveat to their conclusions.
    (A) a strong piece of supporting evidence
    (B) a warning of potential limitations
    (C) a final summary of the study's impact
    (D) an unexpected breakthrough in the data

45. Following months of whistleblower testimony and forensic audits, independent investigations have lent credence to allegations that the data were deliberately manipulated, prompting calls for regulatory scrutiny.
    (A) intensified media coverage of
    (B) provided support or legitimacy to
    (C) postponed official verification of
    (D) weakened competing explanations for

46. Following weeks of intense media scrutiny and public criticism over the handling of the controversy, party members quickly closed ranks, presenting a unified front in an effort to contain political fallout.
    (A) dispersed publicly to avoid further scrutiny
    (B) restructured leadership roles within the organization
    (C) delayed internal decision-making to reduce conflict
    (D) unified defensively to protect the group from external criticism

47. Through detailed testimony that challenged earlier assumptions and introduced new evidence, the witness helped reshape the narrative surrounding the crisis, shifting public perception of who bore responsibility.
    (A) reinforce existing interpretations without alteration
    (B) change how the story is understood and interpreted
    (C) bring the issue to a definitive conclusion
    (D) divert attention away from the central facts

48. As new digital platforms and technologies are introduced at an unprecedented speed, innovation has continued to outpace regulation, leaving lawmakers struggling to update legal frameworks quickly enough to keep up.
    (A) be slowed down by existing legal frameworks
    (B) conform closely to established rules
    (C) develop faster than regulatory systems can adapt
    (D) eliminate the need for formal oversight

49. After facing widespread backlash from both the public and opposition lawmakers, officials attempted to walk back their earlier remarks, clarifying their position and softening the language used in the original statement.
    (A) retract or soften previous statements
    (B) defend earlier remarks more aggressively
    (C) postpone further discussion indefinitely
    (D) shift attention to an unrelated issue

50. Following a series of legal challenges and conflicting interpretations of constitutional law, the proposed legislation now appears to be on shaky ground, raising doubts about whether it can withstand judicial review.
    (A) bolstered by some legal interpretations
    (B) formally enacted but awaiting clarification through judicial precedent
    (C) legally uncertain and vulnerable to constitutional challenge
    (D) structurally sound but politically controversial