112 年 國立清華大學人類學研究所《英文》
第 1 題
Taiwan is considered by many tourists as ______.
a. having the ideal combination of climatic conditions
b. to have the ideal combination of climatic conditions
c. has the ideal combination of climatic conditions
d. have the ideal combination of climatic conditions
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本題考查動名詞 (gerund) 作為名詞子句的用法。
句子結構為 "Taiwan is considered by many tourists as [名詞子句]"。
選項 (a) "having the ideal combination of climatic conditions" 是動名詞片語,可作為名詞子句使用,表示「擁有理想的氣候條件」。
第 2 題
Professor Robert Redfield is considered by many of his students as both creative ______.
a. and intelligent as well
b. and has intelligent
c. and intelligent
d. or intellectual
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本題考查連接詞 "both...and..." 的用法以及形容詞的並列。
句子的結構是 "Professor Robert Redfield is considered... as both creative ______."
"Both...and..." 用來連接兩個並列的詞、片語或子句。在此句中,"creative" 是一個形容詞,所以後面需要連接另一個形容詞。
第 3 題
"How did you get to my office so quickly?" "I entered the building ______ the side door."
a. into
b. in
c. by
d. with
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本題考查介系詞的用法,特別是與 "enter" 這個動詞搭配使用。
"Enter" 這個動詞本身有「進入」的意思,後面直接接場所名詞,不需要介系詞 (enter the building)。
然而,題目問的是「如何進入」,表示進入的方式或途徑。
第 4 題
As a matter of fact, I really did not see ______ there in the auditorium.
a. hardly many people
b. very few people
c. many people
d. some people
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本題考查否定句中數量詞的用法。
句子的開頭是 "I really did not see...",這是一個否定句。
選項 (a) "hardly many people" 是雙重否定,語意上會變成「幾乎看到了很多人」,與原意不符。
第 5 題
I seldom read the local newspaper nowadays because I have ______.
a. so little
b. not a little
c. a little
d. the little
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本題考查量詞 "little" 和 "few" 在不同結構中的用法,特別是在否定句中的含義。
句子的前半句是 "I seldom read the local newspaper nowadays..." (我現在很少看當地報紙...),這暗示原因是因為「時間不夠」。
選項 (a) "so little" (如此之少) time。 "little time" 表示「很少的時間」,"so little time" 加強語氣,表示「非常少的時間」。這與「很少看報紙」的原因相符。
選項 (b) "not a little" (不少) time。 "not a little time" 意為「相當多的時間」,這與「很少看報紙」的原因矛盾。
第 6 題
I do not think that the dress you bought at the department store is ______.
a. worthy the price
b. worth the price
c. worth of the price
d. worthy for the price
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本題考查形容詞 "worthy" 和 "worth" 的用法。
"Worth" 和 "worthy" 都有「值得」的意思,但用法不同。
"Worth" 後面通常接名詞或動名詞,例如 "worth the price", "worth visiting"。
"Worthy" 後面通常接 "of" 再加名詞或動名詞,例如 "worthy of praise", "worthy of being studied"。
第 7 題
"I heard you went mountain climbing but did not reach the peak." "Yes, we tried ______."
a. hardly to climb the mountain
b. hard to climb the mountain
c. to climb the mountain hard
d. to climb the mountain hardly
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本題考查副詞 "hard" 和 "hardly" 的用法,以及不定詞片語的修飾。
句子的前半句是 "Yes, we tried..." (是的,我們嘗試了...),後半句需要說明嘗試的程度或方式。
選項 (a) "hardly to climb the mountain" 錯誤。"hardly" 是「幾乎不」,"hardly to do sth." 語法錯誤。
選項 (b) "hard to climb the mountain" 正確。"hard" 在此可作形容詞或副詞,表示「努力地」、「困難地」。"try hard to do sth." 是常見的搭配,表示「努力嘗試做某事」。
第 8 題
People are worried because the cross-strait situation has been growing ______ difficult for the past few years.
a. simply
b. increasingly
c. potentially
d. mainly
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本題考查副詞的用法,用來修飾形容詞 "difficult",並描述情況的變化趨勢。
句子的結構是 "the cross-strait situation has been growing ______ difficult"。
選項 (a) "simply" (僅僅地) difficult。表示「僅僅是困難」,語意不符。
選項 (b) "increasingly" (越來越多地) difficult。
第 9 題
"I got an "A" in my anthropology class but only a "C" in economics." "Well, I guess that economics is ______ complicated than anthropology.
a. a little
b. a little more
c. hardly
d. somewhat
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本題考查比較級的修飾語。
句子的結構是 "economics is ______ complicated than anthropology"。
"Complicated" 是形容詞,後面接比較級的 "than" 表示比較。
選項 (a) "a little" (一點點)。"a little complicated than" 語意不通。
選項 (b) "a little more" (稍微多一點)。
第 10 題
"Did the medicine that I gave you make you feel better? " "No. ______ the worse I feel."
a. When I take more medicine
b. The more medicine I take
c. Taking more medicine
d. More medicine taken
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本題考查 "The more..., the more..." 的句型結構,表示「越...越...」。
句子的前半句是 "No." (沒有),後半句需要表達「越吃藥,感覺越糟」。
選項 (a) "When I take more medicine" (當我吃更多藥時),這是一個條件子句,不能構成 "The more..., the more..." 的結構。
第 11 題
"What does Mr. Robert Smith do for a living?" "He is one of the most successful ______ in the country."
a. newspaper reporter
b. newspaper's reporter
c. newspaper reporters
d. newspaper's reporters
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本題考查名詞的單複數和所有格用法。
句子的結構是 "He is one of the most successful ______ in the country."
"One of the most..." 後面必須接複數名詞,表示「其中之一」。
選項 (a) "newspaper reporter" 是單數,不符合 "one of the most..." 的結構。
第 12 題
There are very few rules of grammar ______.
a. that are not with exceptions
b. that do not have exceptions
c. not having exceptions to them
d. not with exceptions to them
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本題考查關係代名詞子句的用法,用來修飾 "rules of grammar"。
句子的結構是 "There are very few rules of grammar ______."
"Very few rules of grammar" 表示「很少有文法規則」。
選項 (a) "that are not with exceptions" 語法錯誤,"with exceptions" 通常用於 "have exceptions"。
選項 (b) "that do not have exceptions" 正確。
第 13 題
"Do you mind if Mary rides in your car?" "Yes, I do. I will be glad to take ______."
a. somebody else than
b. anybody but
c. some other person but
d. anyone else than
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本題考查表達「除了...之外」的片語,用於拒絕或表示不希望某人做某事。
句子的前半句是 "Yes, I do." (是的,我介意。) 這表示說話者不希望 Mary 乘坐。
後半句 "I will be glad to take ______." 需要填入一個表示「除了 Mary 之外,我很樂意載其他人」的片語。
選項 (a) "somebody else than" 語法錯誤。
第 14 題
"Do you have a television set in your room?" "Yes, ______."
a. I have it
b. I have one
c. I have
d. I had one
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本題考查代名詞 "one" 的用法,用來指代前面提到的可數名詞。
問句是 "Do you have a television set in your room?" (你的房間有電視嗎?)
回答 "Yes" 後,需要確認有電視。
選項 (a) "I have it" (我擁有它)。"it" 指代特定的、已經知道的電視,但題目問的是「一台電視」,而不是「那台電視」。
選項 (b) "I have one" (我有一台)。
第 15 題
Since I changed my job, my annual income has ______.
a. nearly tripled
b. got almost three times bigger
c. almost grown by three times
d. just about gone up by three times
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本題考查表達「增加到三倍」或「增長三倍」的常見說法。
句子的前半句是 "Since I changed my job..." (自從我換了工作...),表示一個時間點之後的變化。
選項 (a) "nearly tripled" (幾乎翻了三倍)。"triple" 作動詞,表示「使成為三倍」,這是最簡潔且常用的表達方式。
選項 (b) "got almost three times bigger" (幾乎變大了三倍)。"three times bigger" 的意思通常是「原來的尺寸的四倍」,即「增加了三倍」。雖然語意接近,但不如 "tripled" 簡潔。
第 16 題
"Was the driving pleasant when you travelled in Japan last winter? " "No, it ______ for four days when we arrived, so the road were very wet and slippery."
a. was raining
b. would be raining
c. had been raining
d. have rained
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本題考查動詞時態的用法,特別是與過去時間點相關的過去完成進行式。
句子的前半句是 "No, it ______ for four days when we arrived..." (不,當我們抵達時,它已經下了四天的雨了...)。
"When we arrived" 是過去的某個時間點。
"for four days" 表示持續時間。
需要描述的是在「抵達」這個過去時間點之前,已經持續了四天的下雨情況。
第 17 題
"What happened to the plant that your uncle gave you?" "The plant ______, well, but I did not water it."
a. would grow
b. might grow
c. would have grown
d. should have grown
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本題考查情態動詞與完成式的組合,用於推測過去可能發生的情況。
句子的後半句是 "The plant ______, well, but I did not water it." (那盆植物......,但我沒有澆水。)
這是一個關於過去情況的假設,表示「如果我澆水了,植物可能會長得很好」。
選項 (a) "would grow" (會生長)。表示將來或現在的推測,不適用於過去。
選項 (b) "might grow" (可能生長)。表示現在或將來的可能性,不適用於過去。
第 18 題
"What you think is the most important qualification of a good worker?" "I believe it is essential that he ______ efficient."
a. could be
b. can be
c. will be
d. be
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本題考查虛擬語氣的用法。
句子的後半句是 "I believe it is essential that he ______ efficient."
當 "essential", "important", "necessary", "vital" 等形容詞用於 "It is + 形容詞 + that..." 的句型時,that 子句中的動詞通常使用虛擬語氣,即動詞原形 (be
第 19 題
Just saving money is not ______ to be a rich person, you need to learn how to invest your money.
a. sufficient
b. qualified
c. same
d. amount
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本題考查形容詞的用法,用來連接 "saving money" 和 "to be a rich person" 之間的關係。
句子的結構是 "Just saving money is not ______ to be a rich person..." (僅僅存錢,不足以成為一個富翁...)
選項 (a) "sufficient" (足夠的)。"sufficient to do sth." 是常見的搭配,表示「足以做某事」。
第 20 題
"Prices keep going up since last year." "Yes, but the interest on my saving account is certainly not ______."
a. risen
b. raise
c. on the rise
d. risen
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本題考查動詞或片語的用法,用來描述利率的變化趨勢。
句子的後半句是 "Yes, but the interest on my saving account is certainly not ______." (是的,但是我的儲蓄帳戶的利息肯定不是......)
前半句提到「物價一直在上漲」,後半句則對比「儲蓄帳戶的利息」。
選項 (a) "risen" (上漲了)。"risen" 是 "rise" 的過去分詞,通常用在現在完成式或被動語態。如果直接接在這裡,表示「利息上漲了」,但 "not risen" 意為「沒有上漲」,與物價上漲的趨勢形成對比,但語意上可以。
選項 (b) "raise" (提高)。
第 1 題
Part Two: Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese (30%)
- The technologies that have been promoted as "labor saving" have actually been used to increase our productivity rather than our leisure. The average American worker today produces in 11 hours what his or her 1950 counterpart needed 40 hours to produce.
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核心觀念
本題考查英譯中的長句分析,重點包括:
that have been promoted as...:關係子句修飾The technologies。as "labor saving":表示「被宣稱為『節省勞力的』」。rather than:表示「而不是」。what his or her 1950 counterpart needed 40 hours to produce:what引導名詞子句,意為「其 1950 年同類工作者需要花 40 小時才能生產的東西」。
全段核心對比是:科技原本被宣傳為節省勞力、增加休閒,實際結果卻是提高生產力;同樣的產量,現代美國勞工只需 11 小時,1950 年的勞工卻需 40 小時。
解題方法
1. 先找主句骨架
第一句主詞是:
The technologies
主要動詞是:
have actually been used
可先整理為:
這些科技實際上被用來……
that have been promoted as "labor saving" 是修飾 technologies 的關係子句,因此不可獨立翻成另一個完整句子,應整合為:
被宣傳為「節省勞力」的科技
2. 判斷目的與對比關係
be used to + 原形動詞 表示「被用來……」:
have been used to increase our productivity
被用來提高我們的生產力
rather than our leisure 對比的是前面的 our productivity,因此譯為:
而不是增加我們的休閒時間
其中 leisure 是「休閒、閒暇」,不可直接譯成「自由」。
第 2 題
Part Two: Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese (30%)
2. With the postmodern turn since the 1980, evolutionary theories of culture have fallen out of favor with many cultural anthropologists, although they remain in wide use among archaeologists.
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本題要求將英文段落翻譯成中文。
核心詞彙與句型:
- With the postmodern turn since the 1980: 隨著 1980 年代後現代主義的轉向
- evolutionary theories of culture: 文化演化論
- have fallen out of favor with: 逐漸失去...的青睞、不再受...歡迎
第 3 題
Part Two: Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese (30%)
3. The fortunate are rarely satisfied with the fact of being fortunate. Beyond this, they need to know that they have the right to their good fortune. They want to be convinced that they "deserve" it.
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本題要求將英文段落翻譯成中文。
核心詞彙與句型:
- The fortunate: 幸運的人
- are rarely satisfied with: 很少滿足於
- the fact of being fortunate: 幸運的事實
- Beyond this: 在此之上、更進一步
- need to know that: 需要知道
- have the right to: 有權利擁有
第 1 題
Part Three: Translate the following paragraphs into English (30%)
- 新加坡是一個多元族群的國家。政府極力推廣族群平等的觀念,在法律上絕對不容許任何種族歧視的行為。
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核心觀念
本題為中翻英(Chinese-to-English Translation),考查重點在於學術性社科領域詞彙選用、句構串接(並列句與修飾語運用)以及時態與搭配詞(Collocation):
- 時態判定:全段描述客觀事實與當前政策常態,全篇應採用現在簡單式(Simple Present Tense)。
- 社科與族群核心詞彙:
- 「多元族群」:multiracial、multi-ethnic 或 diverse ethnic groups。
- 「推廣/倡導」:promote、advocate、champion。
- 「族群平等」:racial equality、ethnic equality。
- 「在法律上」:legally、by law、under the law。
- 「絕不容許/零容忍」:strictly tolerate no...、have zero tolerance for...、by no means allow/permit...。
- 「種族歧視」:racial discrimination。
- 句型結構與意合轉形合:中文屬於注重意合(parataxis)的語言,句子常以逗號連結;英文則重形合(hypotaxis),必須以適當的連接詞(如
and)或分詞構句、關係代名詞子句串接,避免形成連寫句(run-on sentence)。
解題方法
本段中文包含兩個完整的語意單位,解題時切分為兩句或以對等連接詞合併為複合句:
-
第一句拆解:「新加坡是一個多元族群的國家。」
- 主詞:新加坡(Singapore)
- 動詞:是(is)
- 受詞/補語:多元族群的國家(a multiracial/multi-ethnic country / society / nation)
- 對譯:Singapore is a multi-ethnic country. 或 Singapore is a multiracial society.
-
第二句拆解:「政府極力推廣族群平等的觀念,在法律上絕對不容許任何種族歧視的行為。」
- 前半句(推廣觀念):
- 主詞:政府(The government)
- 副詞+動詞:極力推廣(spares no effort to promote / vigorously promotes / actively advocates)
- 受詞:族群平等的觀念(the concept/idea of racial equality / ethnic equality)
- 後半句(法律嚴禁歧視):
- 邏輯承接:與前半句構成並列政策立場,用
and連接,主詞the government共用或以代名詞承接。 - 「在法律上絕對不容許」:可以用雙重否定強調肯定(tolerates no... under the law / strictly prohibits... by law / absolutely forbids... in legal terms)。
- 「任何種族歧視的行為」:any act of racial discrimination / any racially discriminatory acts。
- 邏輯承接:與前半句構成並列政策立場,用
- 對譯:The government vigorously promotes the concept of racial equality and, by law, strictly tolerates no acts of racial discrimination.
- 前半句(推廣觀念):
選項分析(翻譯構句與用詞層次評析)
雖然本題非選擇題,但翻譯作答常出現三種不同程度的寫法,針對不同句型的優缺點逐一解析:
- 標準高分寫法(推薦):
Singapore is a multi-ethnic country. The government vigorously promotes the concept of racial equality and legally allows no acts of racial discrimination.
第 2 題
Part Three: Translate the following paragraphs into English (30%)
2. 人類學的歷史不長,大約只有一百二十年左右。但是,在過去短短的一世紀當中它已經從其發源地西歐傳播到世界各國的學術界。
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核心觀念
本題考查漢譯英的基本句型與詞語搭配,重點包括:
- 時間長度的表達:「大約只有一百二十年左右」可譯為 only about 120 years,英文中 about 已有「大約」之意,不必再重複使用其他近義詞。
- 讓步或轉折關係:「但是」可用 however 或 although 表達。
- 現在完成式:人類學自過去開始發展,且影響延續至今,因此「已經傳播」使用 has spread。
- 地點與範圍的搭配:
- 「發源地西歐」:its birthplace in Western Europe
- 「世界各國的學術界」:academic communities around the world
解題方法
原文可分成兩個句意單位:
- 人類學的歷史不長,約一百二十年。
- 在過去一百年中,人類學從西歐傳播到世界各地的學術界。
第一句可直譯為:
Anthropology has a short history, only about 120 years.
為使英文更自然,也可將「不長」譯為 a relatively short history,表示相較於其他學科而言歷史較短。
第二句的主詞仍是 anthropology。「已經傳播」表示過去開始、結果延續至今,使用現在完成式:
it has spread
「從其發源地西歐」是起點:
from its birthplace in Western Europe
「傳播到世界各國的學術界」則可譯為:
to academic communities around the world
「在過去短短的一世紀當中」可置於句尾,譯為:
in the brief span of the past century
參考譯文
*Although anthropology has a relatively short history—only about 120 years—it has spread from its birthplace in Western Europe to academic communities around the world in the brief span of the p
第 3 題
Part Three: Translate the following paragraphs into English (30%)
3. 漢人社會是一個典型的父系社會。在傳統的漢人社會中,家庭、親屬團體都受到相當高度的重視。
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本題要求將中文段落翻譯成英文。
核心詞彙與句型:
- 漢人社會: Han Chinese society / Chinese society (in the context of Han people)
- 是一個典型的父系社會: is a typical patriarchal society
- 在傳統的漢人社會中: In traditional Han Chinese society / In traditional Chinese society
- 家庭: the family
- 親屬團體: kinship groups / extended family units
- 都受到相當高度的重視: are highly valued / receive considerable importance / are given significant emphasis