112 年 國立臺灣大學臺灣文學研究所《英文（A）》

1. Most of her poems ___ in imagery.
   (A) abound
   (B) abandon
   (C) abate
   (D) able

2. ___ attacks are those that may strike legitimate targets and civilians without distinction.
   (A) Identification
   (B) Incidental
   (C) Indiscriminate
   (D) Inactive

3. The visitor looks very suspicious hanging around by the bins. Let's keep a ___ eye on him.
   (A) vigilant
   (B) violent
   (C) vulnerable
   (D) voluntary

4. The museum ___ a collection of Roman sculptures.
   (A) horses
   (B) hoses
   (C) hales
   (D) houses

5. I tend to ___ on ice cream when I am lonely.
   (A) break
   (B) binge
   (C) bond
   (D) boil

6. The chimney ___ thick smoke into the air.
   (A) emitted
   (B) emergent
   (C) escalated
   (D) eternal

7. Coriander is ___ to southern Europe.
   (A) impassive
   (B) indigenous
   (C) indiscreet
   (D) indirect

8. Only a few people have ___ to the full facts of the case.
   (A) archive
   (B) accuse
   (C) access
   (D) academy

9. ___ of mosquitoes from gutters invaded our village every twilight.
   (A) Monstrous
   (B) Minerals
   (C) Myriads
   (D) Migrations

10. Hydrogen is a ___ of all organic compounds.
    (A) competition
    (B) compartment
    (C) company
    (D) component

11. He ___ doing anything wrong.
    (A) requests
    (B) denied
    (C) claims
    (D) maintains

12. Mary got two job offers. ___ she accepted.
    (A) much of which
    (B) both of whom
    (C) most of whose
    (D) neither of which

13. Henry got sick the day he ___ his new job.
    (A) was to start
    (B) was started
    (C) will start
    (D) starts

14. Neither of the students ___ that both mystery writer Agatha Christie and inventor Thomas Edison were dyslexic.
    (A) are knowing
    (B) know
    (C) knows
    (D) is known

15. An earthquake ___ last night.
    (A) occurs
    (B) occurred
    (C) was occurred
    (D) has occurred

16. I am not sure ___ you agree with his theory.
    (A) to what extent
    (B) as regards
    (C) on the whole
    (D) by means of which

17. She wrote an excellent essay ___ with a certain amount of help.
    (A) even so
    (B) as well as
    (C) albeit
    (D) despite the fact

18. He is a great poet ___ his work has had a great influence on other writers.
    (A) apart from
    (B) provided that
    (C) on top of which
    (D) in the sense that

19. It is hard to ___ between these two similar plants.
    (A) differ
    (B) different
    (C) differentiate
    (D) difference

20. I am afraid my English ___ poorly with hers.
    (A) competes
    (B) compares
    (C) combines
    (D) contributes

II. Close Test (30%): Choose the BEST answer for each missing word or phrase in the following excerpted passages.
Passage A: Questions 21-30
The American songwriter Bob Dylan is often considered to be as much a poet as a musician. He (21) his
political ideas through folk songs in his early period. His melodies were often simple but his words (22)
complex messages often with subtle (23). In one of his songs. he speaks of a "hard rain" which will fall after a
nuclear war. On one level the words (24) real. radioactive rain. but the (25) of the words are many: life
will be hard. perhaps impossible. Perhaps the consequences will fall hard on the politicians who started the war
too. There are many things we can (26) from these words. The song is part of the political (27) of the
Cold War of the 1960s. It (28) an atmosphere of fear and hopelessness. Seen from the (29) of the post-
Cold-War era, it may seem difficult to (30) such fear. but at the time, that fear was very real.

21. (A) excess
    (B) expressed
    (C) exceeded
    (D) existed

22. (A) conveyed
    (B) convinced
    (C) confirmed
    (D) consented

23. (A) nuances
    (B) minds
    (C) notions
    (D) fractions

24. (A) denoting
    (B) denoted
    (C) denote
    (D) are denoted

25. (A) criteria
    (B) contradictions
    (C) constructions
    (D) connotations

26. (A) imply
    (B) invent
    (C) impose
    (D) infer

27. (A) discipline
    (B) discourse
    (C) diversity
    (D) diploma

28. (A) evokes
    (B) evolves
    (C) excludes
    (D) exports

29. (A) percentage
    (B) perceptive
    (C) perspective
    (D) presentative

30. (A) contribute
    (B) comprehend
    (C) consume
    (D) correspond

Passage B: Questions 31-35
Some linguists believe that we can best (31) how language is processed by laboratory experiments. However,
laboratory experiments are (32) definition artificial and may not (33) what happens in the real world.
Other linguists believe, therefore, that empirical observation is better, and prefer to (34) field studies and case
studies of individuals in natural settings. In this way, in-depth data can be collected by observers without (35)
with the process in any way. even though this may be a more time-consuming method. However, individual
studies in real situations may not be representative of the general population of second language learners. In
short, both approaches have their advantages and disadvantages.

31. (A) destroy
    (B) deduct
    (C) decline
    (D) determine

32. (A) by
    (B) through
    (C) at
    (D) on

33. (A) reappear
    (B) reflect
    (C) repeat
    (D) rejoin

34. (A) equip with
    (B) carry out
    (C) depart from
    (D) set off

35. (A) illuminating
    (B) interfering
    (C) indicating
    (D) investigating

III. Reading Comprehension (30%): Answer the following questions according to the information provided or implied in the
articles. Choose the BEST answer to each question.
Article A: Questions 36-40
Autism is a lifelong disability that affects how people communicate and interact with the world. There are about
700,000 adults and children on the autism spectrum in the UK. Like everyone. each autistic person has their own
strengths and challenges. But all of us have difficulties with communicating and interacting with other people.
This could mean not speaking at all, needing longer to process information, or not understanding facial
expressions. We also engage in repetitive behavior. doing or thinking the same thing over and over. This is
sometimes for fun and sometimes to help deal with our anxiety. People on the autism spectrum can also find
unexpected changes, however small, very distressing. And then there is sensory overload when noise, smells,
touch, and bright lights become very painful and overwhelming. All these challenges can make the world feel
very scary and hard to understand, and sometimes send us into physical and emotional meltdowns or shutdowns.
It is very important that autistic people get help from an early age. Life can become very difficult if children or
adults don't get the right support or understanding. Autistic children are three times more likely to be excluded
from school. Only one in six autistic people in the UK have a full-time job. And over a third of autistic adults
have reported serious mental health problems. The National Autistic Society is the UK's leading charity for
autistic people. Since 1962, we have been changing society's attitude and transforming individuals' lives. We
want to create a society that works for autistic adults and children. And, with your help, we can.

36. Which communication challenge experienced by the autistic population is NOT mentioned in the article?
    (A) emotional barrier
    (B) struggles with nonverbal communication
    (C) delayed language development in writing

37. What is the meaning of "overwhelming" in this article?
    (A) very weak in strength
    (B) very great in amount
    (C) very dark in color

38. Which statement is NOT correct according to the article?
    (A) The National Autistic Society is the UK's leading charity for autistic people.
    (B) Autistic people should get help as early as possible.
    (C) Over half of autistic adults have reported serious mental health problems.

39. Which of the following is correct about this article?
    (A) The article reports a case study about discrimination against autistic children and adults.
    (B) This article shows the inequality in education and in employment for the autistic population.
    (C) This article compares the characteristics of autism spectrum disorder to those of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

40. This article is very likely to be:
    (A) a transcript of a short speech delivered by a representative from the National Autistic Society.
    (B) a script for a stand-up comedy performance written by an experienced comedian.
    (C) an announcement made by a professor on a course website.

Article B: Questions 41-45
Most people know that one meaning of green is eco-friendly. but are you familiar with greenwashing, a verb
that entered dictionaries in the late 90s? Patterned on words like brainwashing (making people believe what you
want by controlling information) and whitewashing (covering up wrongdoing with deceptive information).
greenwashing occurs when a company misleads customers about its negative impact on the environment by
attempting to convince them otherwise through advertising and publicity.
In the 60s and 70s. before we had a name for this phenomenon, the chemical, automobile, and energy
industries were already greenwashing their products and serves to calm fears about the dangers of air pollution,
chemical and oil spills, and nuclear energy technology.
In the 80s. several ecological catastrophes, including massive chemical and oil spills and a nuclear disaster.
prompted various greenwashing campaigns by powerful corporations. This was the start of the corporate
environmentalism movement. As a consequence of the severe damage inflicted on the environment, a company's
reputation for eco-friendly practices had never been more important. Opinion polls at the time revealed that more
than 70% of those surveyed were swayed by environmental issues when they shopped. and over 80% viewed
environmental offenses as the most abhorrent of all corporate crimes.
The 90s brought various buzzwords. many of which still appear on packaging today. such as recyclable,
biodegradable, environmentally friendly, and all natural. In recent years, sustainable, renewable, and organic are
frequently seen. While it is reassuring to see such language on the packaging of the products we buy, whether it is
simply a case of greenwashing depends on the meaning of the terms. For example, green, pure, and natural are
essentially meaningless when they do not correspond to any legal or industrial standards. There have also been
cases when organic and sustainable have only referred to one component of a product, whereas the other
components were neither organie nor sustainable.
The term recyclable and biodegradable have been particularly controversial. In order to reduce its ecological
footprint, one bottled water brand switched from plastic bottles to Tetra Pak packaging made of paper. aluminum,
and plastic. The problem was that although Tetra Pak cartons are labeled recyclable. not all municipalities are
equipped to recycle them: thus, the switch may have had a detrimental environmental impact. In another case, a
large retailer was forced to pay a fine of nearly $ 1 million for labeling plastic bottles biodegradable. Although
technically correct, the bottles could take up to 1.000 years to disintegrate in landfills. which did not meet local
standards for products labeled that way.
To conclude, here are four tips to help you avoid being fooled by greenwashing.
•
Learn to recognize abused and inappropriately used buzzwords.
•
Watch out for "green" products made by companies that pollute.
•
•
Look past suggestive labeling with natural images of birds. flowers. and trees. that create a "green"
impression.
Think critically about product claims. For example, if a company claims it is "greener" than its
competitors. it does not mean much if those competitors are terrible polluters.

41. According to the article. which statement below is FALSE?
    (A) The 1970s were a time of increasing awareness about environmental issues. and many people were becoming
    more conscious of the impact of human activity on the natural world.
    (B) The 1940s were a time when the public became very sensitive to ecologically destructive behavior by corporations
    due to ecological catastrophes.
    (C) The 1990s were a time when consumers and regulators were increasingly concerned about environmental issues.
    and companies that were able to demonstrate their commitment to sustainability and environmental responsibility
    often had a strong reputation in the marketplace.

42. Which sentence is closest in meaning to the sentence underlined?
    (A) Green buzzwords are reassuring, whether or not greenwashing is present.
    (B) Although they can be misused for greenwashing. green buzzwords are reassuring.
    (C) People are reassured by green buzzwords in simple cases of greenwashing.

43. Two sentences are highlighted in the text. How is the second sentence connected to the first?
    (A) The second sentence ignores a small point and then provides an example of a fine.
    (B) The second sentence emphasizes slight wrongdoing and then provides a reason for the fine.
    (C) The second sentence concedes a minor point and then provides a reason for the fine.

44. Which topic below is NOT covered in the article?
    (A) tips on how to greenwash
    (B) the definition of greenwashing
    (C) advice to shoppers

45. Below are some common buzzwords used in greenwashing. Which expression was not mentioned in this article?
    (A) biodegradable
    (B) all natural
    (C) carbon neutral

Article C: Questions 46-50
A summer trip with the family to a theme park seems like a wonderful idea. As you load up the car. the kids
can hardly contain their excitement. Along the way, you have to deal with a flat tire. and at the park. there are the
usual high prices. long lines, occasional rudeness, and mediocre food. It is a relief when you get home, and you
tell yourself it is the last time you will go. But somehow. in the following months, all the negative memories seem
to fade, leaving mostly happy recollections and the general sense that you had a good time. Next summer, or the
summer after that. you will probably look forward to going again.
The memory changes described above are what psychologists call "rosy retrospection". a cognitive bias that
makes past events seem more positive upon later reflection than they were in reality. Several studies have
confirmed this bias. For example. bicyclists who were surveyed before. during. and after a three-week tour
recalled their trip in a more positive light after some time had elapsed. This provides evidence of a phenomenon
known as "fading affect bias", that is, how the brain retains positive memories while allowing negative ones to
fade.
This distorted yet rosy view of the past seems to have a largely positive effect on our well-being as viewing
life positively is a coping mechanism that helps fight depression while bolstering an individual's sense of self-
esteem and belief in personal control over influences that shape our lives. At work, letting go of negative
memories reduces anxiety and enhances productivity. Furthermore, forgetting the pain of past failures eliminates
the consequent regrets and fears that could be barriers to healthy risk-taking.
However, rosy retrospection has drawbacks. Since we learn from our mistakes, forgetting their negative
consequences can prevent us from learning valuable lessons. As a result, we might find ourselves repeatedly in the
same bad situation. For example, if you only remember the exciting aspects of a hike climbing a mountain with
friends and not how much you regretted having sore legs for a week after. you could easily find yourself making
the same mistake again. Rosy retrospection has also been linked to a "declinist" perspective: the belief that a
situation is in decline and heading. in the long run. toward collapse. Adopting this perspective instills the idea that
our best days are behind us and a yearning for "the good old days." Declinist arguments are often used by
politicians, and although historians have shown that they are frequently false, they can effectively appeal to a bias
toward a past that looks enviable in retrospect.
So, while researchers have confirmed the benefits of rosy retrospection for our well-being and its value as a
coping mechanism, by maintaining an awareness of its effects. we can also improve the accuracy of our judgment
and decision-making. This might help us avoid falling into a declinist perspective. In sum, rosy retrospection
should have a net positive effect as long as we make sure not to prefer that rosy view of the past to a genuinely
bright future.

46. What is the relationship between fading affect bias and rosy retrospection?
    (A) Rosy retrospection and fading affect bias are the causes of memory loss.
    (B) Fading affect bias refers to the tendency for people to overestimate the extent to which others agree with them
    which is the outcome of rosy retrospection.
    (C) Fading affect bias causes the brain to retain positive memories while allowing the negative ones to fade, thus
    leading to rosy retrospection.

47. Which of the following is a synonym of the word "yearning"?
    (A) desire
    (B) slogan
    (C) complaint
    (D) memory

48. Which sentence below is closest in meaning to the underlined sentence'?
    (A) In politics, declinist arguments. despite often being false. are persuasive.
    (B) Because they are often false, declinist arguments have limited appeal in politics.
    (C) Declinist arguments by politicians are frequently unconvincing and exposed as false.

49. According to the article. how is a declinist perspective exploited?
    (A) Politicians use social media to spread false information about societal decline to create divisions within society.
    (B) Politicians use declinist arguments to appeal to people who yearn for "the good old days" to gain political advantage.
    (C) Politicians use rhetoric to create fear or anxiety about the future to promote their own agendas.

50. How does the writer suggest we deal with the effects of rosy retrospection?
    (A) We should use multiple sources of information to provide a more complete view of the past, present, and future.
    (B) We should be engaged in memory training so that we could recall from both short-term and long-term memories.
    (C) We should be aware of its effect on our judgment and decision-making, avoid a declinist perspective. and be careful not to prefer a rosy view of the past to the future.