108 年國立中山大學材料與光電科學系碩士班甲組《科技英文》考古題與詳解

Question 1

(2) The first law of thermodynamics is a version of the law of conservation of energy,
adapted for thermodynamic systems. The law of conservation of energy states that the
total energy of an isolated system is constant; energy can be transformed from one
form to another, but can be neither created nor destroyed. The primitive notion of heat
was taken as empirically established, especially through calorimetry regarded as a
subject in its own right, prior to thermodynamics. Jointly primitive with this notion of
heat were the notions of empirical temperature and thermal equilibrium. This
framework also took as primitive the notion of transfer of energy as work. This
framework did not presume a concept of energy in general, but regarded it as derived
or synthesized from the prior notions of heat and work. By one author, this framework
has been called the "thermodynamic" approach. Which of the following is correct?
A. all cases in which work is produced by the agency of heat, a quantity of heat is
consumed which is proportional to the work done
B. all cases in which work by the expenditure of an equal quantity of work an equal
quantity of heat is produced
C. None of above
D. All of above

Accepted Answer

本題主要在測試考生對熱力學第一定律 (First Law of Thermodynamics) 的理解。熱力學第一定律是能量守恆定律在熱力學系統中的應用。

題幹描述了能量守恆定律以及熱力學第一定律的起源，並提及「熱」與「功」是能量轉移的基本概念。熱力學第一定律通常表述為：系統內能的變化量等於系統吸收的熱量減去系統對外做的功 ( $\Delta U = Q - W$ )。

我們來分析選項：
A. 「所有在熱的作用下產生功的場合，所消耗的熱量與所做的功成正比」。這句話描述了熱機的效率概念，也與熱力學第一定律的精神相符，即能量的轉換。更精確地說，這是指卡諾循環等熱機效率的基礎，而熱力學第一定律確保了能量的總量在轉換過程中守恆。
B. 「所有在消耗等量功的場合，產生等量的熱」。這句話的表述有些令人困惑，且與熱力學第一定律的直接含義不同。熱力學第一定律強調的是能量的守恆與轉換，而非消耗功與產生熱的簡單比例關係。例如，在絕熱過程中（ $Q=0$ ），功的消耗會直接改變系統內能 ( $\Delta U = -W$ )。
C. 由於選項 A 似乎有道理，因此不能直接選 C。
D. 如果 A 是正確的，那麼 D 可能是正確的。

仔細審視選項 A，它其實是熱力學第二定律（效率的限制）和第一定律（能量守恆）的結合，描述了熱機的原理。熱力學第一定律本身是關於能量的總量守恆，熱量和功只是能量的兩種形式。選項 A 說「所消耗的熱量與所做的功成正比」，這在某些情況下是成立的（例如理想熱機），但熱力學第一定律更廣泛地講述的是能量的去向，而非僅僅是比例關係。

Question 2

Isotopes of a given element have the same number of (3) but different numbers of
(4) in each atom.
(3) Which of the following is correct?
A. Electrons
B. Neutron
C. Protons
D. None of above
E. All of above

Accepted Answer

本題考查的是同位素 (isotopes) 的定義。同位素是指同一種元素的原子，它們具有相同數目的質子，但不同數目的中子。

Question 3

Isotopes of a given element have the same number of (3) but different numbers of
(4) in each atom.
(3) Which of the following is correct?
A. Electrons
B. Neutron
C. Protons
D. None of above
E. All of above

Accepted Answer

本題考查的是同位素 (isotopes) 的定義。同位素是指同一種元素的原子，它們具有相同數目的質子，但不同數目的中子。

Question 4

Antarctica is Earth's (5) continent. The long-imagined (but undiscovered) south
polar continent was originally called Terra Australis, sometimes shortened to
'Australia' as seen in a woodcut illustration titled Sphere of the winds, contained in an
astrological textbook published in Frankfurt in 1545. During that period, geographers
had to make do with clumsy phrases such as "the Antarctic Continent". They searched
for a more poetic replacement, suggesting various names such as Ultima and
Antipodea. Eventually Antarctica was adopted in the 1890s. It contains the
geographic (6) Pole and is situated in the Antarctic region of the Hemisphere,
almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle, and is surrounded by the Ocean. At
14,000,000 square kilometres, it is the (7) -largest continent. For comparison,
Antarctica is nearly twice the size of Australia.
(5) Which of the following is correct?
A. westernmost
B. easternmost
C. southernmost
D. northernmost
E. None of above

Accepted Answer

本題主要測試考生對地理知識的理解，特別是關於南極洲 (Antarctica) 的位置。

Question 5

(6) Which of the following is correct? A. west B. east C. south D. north E. None of above

Accepted Answer

本題接續上題，是關於南極洲 (Antarctica) 的地理位置描述。 (6) 文章提到「It contains the geographic (6) Pole and is situated in the Antarctic region

Question 6

(7) Which of the following is correct? A. 1st B. 2nd C. 3rd D. 4th E. 5th

Accepted Answer

本題考查考生對南極洲 (Antarctica) 面積的認知。

Question 7

The main differences between the various forms of primary bonding are:
(8) --there is electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.
(9)--there is electron sharing between two adjacent atoms such that each atom
assumes a stable electron configuration.
• (10) --the positively charged ion cores are shielded from one another, and also
"glued" together by the sea of valence electrons.
• (11) --that each electron state can hold no more than two electrons, which must have
opposite spins.
(8) Which of the following is correct?
A. Ionic
B. Covalent
C. Metallic
D. Pauli exclusion principle states
E. None of above

Accepted Answer

本題主要在測試考生對於化學鍵結 (chemical bonding) 不同種類的理解。題目列出了四種不同的敘述，要求根據敘述判斷是哪一種鍵結或原理。

(8) 敘述是「there is electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.」。

離子鍵 (Ionic bond) 是指金屬原子與非金屬原子之間，由於電子轉移而形成帶相反電荷的離子，這些離子之間存在的靜電吸引力。

Question 8

The main differences between the various forms of primary bonding are:
(8) --there is electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.
(9)--there is electron sharing between two adjacent atoms such that each atom
assumes a stable electron configuration.
• (10) --the positively charged ion cores are shielded from one another, and also
"glued" together by the sea of valence electrons.
• (11) --that each electron state can hold no more than two electrons, which must have
opposite spins.
(8) Which of the following is correct?
A. Ionic
B. Covalent
C. Metallic
D. Pauli exclusion principle states
E. None of above

Accepted Answer

本題主要在測試考生對於化學鍵結 (chemical bonding) 不同種類的理解。題目列出了四種不同的敘述，要求根據敘述判斷是哪一種鍵結或原理。

(9) 敘述是「there is electron sharing between two adjacent atoms such that each atom assumes a stable electron configuration.」。

Question 9

The main differences between the various forms of primary bonding are:
(8) --there is electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.
(9)--there is electron sharing between two adjacent atoms such that each atom
assumes a stable electron configuration.
• (10) --the positively charged ion cores are shielded from one another, and also
"glued" together by the sea of valence electrons.
• (11) --that each electron state can hold no more than two electrons, which must have
opposite spins.
(10) Which of the following is correct?
A. Ionic
B. Covalent
C. Metallic
D. Pauli exclusion principle states
E. None of above

Accepted Answer

本題主要在測試考生對於化學鍵結 (chemical bonding) 不同種類的理解。題目列出了四種不同的敘述，要求根據敘述判斷是哪一種鍵結或原理。

(10) 敘述是「the positively charged ion cores are shielded from one another, and also 'glued' together by the sea of valence electrons.」。

離子鍵 (Ionic bond) 是離子之間的靜電吸引。

Question 10

• (11) --that each electron state can hold no more than two electrons, which must have
opposite spins.
(11) Which of the following is correct?
A. Ionic
B. Covalent
C. Metallic
D. Pauli exclusion principle states
E. None of above

Accepted Answer

本題主要在測試考生對於化學原理的理解，特別是量子力學中的基本原理。

(11) 敘述是「that each electron state can hold no more than two electrons, which must have opposite spins.」。
這個敘述精確地描述了 包立不相容原理 (Pauli exclusion principle)。根據此原理，在一個原子或分子中，沒有兩個電子可以擁有完全相同的四個量子數。

Question 11

Types of Materials Let us classify materials according to the way the atoms are bound
together
•
(12): are bound by covalent forces and also by weak van der Waals forces, and
usually based on C and H. They decompose at moderate temperatures (100 – 400 С),
and are lightweight. Examples: plastics rubber.
(13): atoms behave like either positive or negative ions, and are bound by Coulomb
forces. They are usually combinations of metals or semiconductors with oxygen,
nitrogen or carbon (oxides, nitrides, and carbides). Hard, brittle, insulators. Examples:
glass, porcelain.
(14): the bonding is covalent (electrons are shared between atoms). Their electrical
properties depend strongly on minute proportions of contaminants. Examples: Si, Ge,
GaAs.
• (15): valence electrons are detached from atoms, and spread in an 'electron sea' that
"glues" the ions together. Strong, ductile, conduct electricity and heat well, are shiny
if polished.
(12) Which of the following is correct?
A. Polymers Covalent
B. Ceramics
C. Semiconductors
D. Metals
E. None of above

Accepted Answer

本題考查考生對於不同種類材料的辨識能力，依據其原子間的鍵結方式和特性。

(12) 敘述描述的材料：

鍵結方式：共價鍵 (covalent forces) 及弱的凡得瓦力 (van der Waals forces)。
主要成分：通常基於碳 (C) 和氫 (H)。
特性：在中等溫度 (100–400°C) 下分解，重量輕。
例子：塑膠 (plastics)、橡膠 (rubber)。

這些特性與 聚合物 (Polymers) 的描述相符。聚合物是由許多小單元（單體）透過共價鍵連接而成，分子間則有較弱的凡得瓦力。它們通常由碳和氫等元素組成，並且許多聚合物的軟化或分解溫度在此範圍內。塑膠和橡膠都是常見的聚合物。

Question 12

(13): atoms behave like either positive or negative ions, and are bound by Coulomb
forces. They are usually combinations of metals or semiconductors with oxygen,
nitrogen or carbon (oxides, nitrides, and carbides). Hard, brittle, insulators. Examples:
glass, porcelain.
(13) Which of the following is correct?
A. Polymers Covalent
B. Ceramics
C. Semiconductors
D. Metals
E. None of above

Accepted Answer

本題考查考生對於不同種類材料的辨識能力，依據其原子間的鍵結方式和特性。

(13) 敘述描述的材料：

原子行為：表現為正離子或負離子。
鍵結方式：庫侖力 (Coulomb forces) 結合，這暗示了離子鍵。
成分：通常是金屬或半導體與氧、氮或碳的化合物（氧化物、氮化物、碳化物）。
特性：硬、脆、絕緣體。
例子：玻璃 (glass)、瓷器 (porcelain)。

Question 13

(14): the bonding is covalent (electrons are shared between atoms). Their electrical
properties depend strongly on minute proportions of contaminants. Examples: Si, Ge,
GaAs.
(14) Which of the following is correct?
A. Polymers Covalent
B. Ceramics
C. Semiconductors
D. Metals
E. None of above

Accepted Answer

本題考查考生對於不同種類材料的辨識能力，依據其原子間的鍵結方式和特性。

(14) 敘述描述的材料：

鍵結方式：共價鍵 (covalent)，即電子共享。
特性：其電學性質對微量雜質極為敏感。
例子：Si (矽), Ge (鍺), GaAs (砷化鎵)。

這些特性與 半導體 (Semiconductors) 的描述完全相符。矽、鍺是典型的元素半導體，砷化鎵是化合物半導體。它們的原子之間以共價鍵結合。

Question 14

• (15): valence electrons are detached from atoms, and spread in an 'electron sea' that
"glues" the ions together. Strong, ductile, conduct electricity and heat well, are shiny
if polished.
(15) Which of the following is correct?
A. Polymers Covalent
B. Ceramics
C. Semiconductors
D. Metals
E. None of above

Accepted Answer

本題考查考生對於不同種類材料的辨識能力，依據其原子間的鍵結方式和特性。

(15) 敘述描述的材料：

價電子：從原子脫離，分佈在「電子海」中。
鍵結方式：電子海將陽離子「黏合」在一起。
特性：堅固 (strong)、延展性好 (ductile)、導電導熱性良好、拋光後有光澤 (shiny)。

Question 15

Reading test article 3
A new way has been found to reduce the damage fruit flies cause to starfruit grown in
Malaysia. A chemical has been developed that attracts fruit flies. This chemical is mixed
with insecticide and then put on some of the leaves of the starfruit plants. The flies, when
they smell the chemical, go to the leaves and are then killed by the insecticide. As a result,
there are fewer fruit flies and less damage is caused to the starfruit crop.
(21) Why do farmers in Malaysia need this new chemical?
A. Fruit flies are harming their starfruit.
B. The starfruit is a danger to the fruit flies.
C. They cannot use the old insecticides.
D. They need the chemical to protect the leaves.

Accepted Answer

本題是閱讀測驗，要求根據文章內容回答問題。問題是「為什麼馬來西亞的農民需要這種新化學藥劑？」。

文章開頭就說明：「A new way has been found to reduce the damage fruit flies cause to starfruit grown in Malaysia.」（發現了一種新方法來減少果蠅對馬來西亞種植的楊桃造成的損害。）

接著解釋這種化學藥劑的作用：吸引果蠅，然後被殺死。結果是「there are fewer fruit flies and less damage is caused to the starfruit crop.」（果蠅變少，對楊桃作物的損害也減少。）

這清楚地表明，果蠅對楊桃作物造成了損害，因此農民需要一種方法來解決這個問題。

Question 16

(22) How does the chemical help to protect the starfruit?
A. It is a kind of poison that causes less damage to fruit flies.
B. It keeps the flies away from the starfruit plants.
C. It helps the starfruit to grow faster.
D. It attracts the flies to the insecticide, which kills them.

Accepted Answer

本題是閱讀測驗，要求根據文章內容回答問題。問題是「這種化學藥劑是如何幫助保護楊桃的？」。

文章解釋了化學藥劑的作用機制：「This chemical is mixed with insecticide and then put on some of the leaves of the starfruit plants. The flies, when they smell the chemical, go to the leaves and are then killed by the insecticide.」（這種化學藥劑與殺蟲劑混合，然後塗在楊桃樹的一些葉子上。果蠅聞到化學藥劑的氣味後，會飛到葉子上，然後被殺蟲劑殺死。）

這個過程清楚地說明了化學藥劑的作用是吸引果蠅，然後讓它們接觸到殺蟲劑而被殺死，從而減少了果蠅的數量。

Question 17

• Reading test article 4
Dancers and athletes are not the only ones to suffer injuries caused by the repeated use
of particular muscles. In fact, a muscle injury is as likely to end the career of a pianist
(23) it is that of a football player. In the same way that sports can put excess_(24)_on
large muscles, playing a musical instrument can overwork small ones. (25), holding a
violin firmly in place necessitates tensing muscles in the neck and jaw. Few musicians can
maintain ideal posture while they practice (26) the size, weight, or inconvenient shape
of their instruments. Doctors recommend frequent breaks during practice sessions for
stretching, (27) musicians are generally unwilling to interrupt their music for the sake of
their health.
(23) Which of the following is correct?
A. as
B. neither
C. than
D. nor
E. None of above

Accepted Answer

本題為克漏字題，需要根據上下文選擇最適合填入空格 (23) 的詞語。空格 (23) 前一句提到「a muscle injury is as likely to end the career of a pianist」，後一句是「it is that of a football player.」。

這句話是在比較鋼琴家 (pianist) 和足球員 (football player) 的職業生涯因肌肉損傷而結束的可能性。這種比較結構通常使用「as...as」或「than」。

我們來分析：

「as likely to end ... as that of ...」：表示 A 和 B 發生某事的可能性是相同的。
「more likely to end ... than that of ...」：表示 A 比 B 更可能發生某事。
「less likely to end ... than that of ...」：表示 A 比 B 更不可能發生某事。

Question 18

(24) Which of the following is correct? A. anxiety B. stress C. attention D. effect E. None of above

Accepted Answer

本題為克漏字題，需要根據上下文選擇最適合填入空格 (24) 的詞語。空格 (24) 前一句提到「In the same way that sports can put excess...on large muscles,」，後一句是「playing a musical instrument can overwork small ones.」。

這句話在比較運動和演奏樂器對肌肉造成的影響。運動對大肌肉施加「過度的 (excess)」某種東西。演奏樂器則會「過度使用 (overwork)」小肌肉。

我們需要一個名詞來描述運動對肌肉施加的「過度」作用。運動通常會對肌肉造成壓力或緊張。

Question 19

(25) Which of the following is correct? A. At first B. On the contrary C. In the long run D. For instance E. None of above

Accepted Answer

本題為克漏字題，需要根據上下文選擇最適合填入空格 (25) 的詞語。空格 (25) 前一句提到「playing a musical instrument can overwork small ones.」，後一句是「holding a violin firmly in place necessitates tensing muscles in the neck and jaw.」。

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Question 20

(26) Which of the following is correct? A. together with B. aside from C. due to D. except for E. None of above

Accepted Answer

本題為克漏字題，需要根據上下文選擇最適合填入空格 (26) 的詞語。空格 (26) 前一句提到「Few musicians can maintain ideal posture while they practice」，後一句是「the size, weight, or inconvenient shape of their instruments.」。

這句話在解釋為什麼音樂家難以保持理想的姿勢。他們練習時難以維持好姿勢，原因與樂器的「尺寸、重量或不方便的形狀」有關。

我們需要一個連接詞來表示原因。

Question 21

(27) Which of the following is correct? A. but B. or C. so D. and E. None of above

Accepted Answer

本題為克漏字題，需要根據上下文選擇最適合填入空格 (27) 的詞語。空格 (27) 前一句提到「Doctors recommend frequent breaks during practice sessions for stretching,」，後一句是「musicians are generally unwilling to interrupt their music for the sake of their health.」。

這句話在描述醫生建議音樂家練習時多休息伸展，然而音樂家卻不願意為了健康而中斷演奏。這前後兩句話之間存在著一種對比或轉折關係：一方面是醫生的建議，另一方面是音樂家的行為。

Question 22

(28) The A. incident B. incidence C. incidental D. incidentally is likely to have serious repercussions in future negotiations. E. None of above

Accepted Answer

本題為克漏字題，需要根據上下文選擇最適合填入空格 (28) 的詞語。空格 (28) 前面是定冠詞 "The"，後面是動詞片語 "is likely to have serious repercussions in future negotiations."。

我們需要一個名詞來做句子的主詞。

選項分析：
A. incident (事件)：是一個名詞，表示發生的事情，可以作為主詞。
B. incidence (發生率；發生)：是一個名詞，表示發生的頻率或情況，也可以作為主詞。
C. incidental (附帶的；次要的)：是一個形容詞，不能直接做主詞。
D. incidentally (順帶地；偶然地)：是一個副詞，不能做主詞。
E. None of above (以上皆非)。

Question 23

(29) To enter information on the spreadsheet you will then type your data. A. select B. selecting C. to select D. selection E. None of above a cell by clicking on it and

Accepted Answer

本題為克漏字題，需要根據上下文選擇最適合填入空格 (29) 的詞語。句子結構是「To enter information on the spreadsheet you will ___ a cell by clicking on it and then type your data.」。

這裡的「you will」後面應該接一個動詞的原形 (base form)，因為這是表示將來的動作。

選項分析：
A. select (選擇)：是動詞原形，符合「will + verb」的結構。
B. selecting：是現在分詞或動名詞，不能直接接在 will 後面。

Question 24

(30) Adam is generally considered to be one the most industry today. A. impression B. impressively C. impressive D. impressing E. None of above designer in the fashion

Accepted Answer

本題為克漏字題，需要根據上下文選擇最適合填入空格 (30) 的詞語。句子結構是「Adam is generally considered to be one the most ____ designer in the fashion industry today.」。

這裡的「one the most ____ designer」是一個最高級結構。在最高級形容詞前面，通常需要一個形容詞來修飾名詞 "designer"。

選項分析：
A. impression (印象)：是名詞，不能用來修飾 designer。
B. impressively (令人印象深刻地)：是副詞，用來修飾動詞或形容詞，不能直接修飾名詞 designer。

Question 25

(31) Please don't hesitate to contact us if there is else I can do to assist. A. anything B. anybody C. anywhere D. anyway E. None of above

Accepted Answer

本題為克漏字題，需要根據上下文選擇最適合填入空格 (31) 的詞語。句子結構是「Please don't hesitate to contact us if there is ____ else I can do to assist.」。

這句話是提供幫助的常用表達方式。它表示如果還有其他我能做的，請隨時聯繫。

我們需要一個不定代名詞來與 "else" 搭配，表示「其他任何...」。

選項分析：
A. anything (任何事物)：與 "else" 搭配，形成 "anything else"，表示「其他任何事物」。這是非常常見且正確的用法。

Question 26

(32) Unfortunately we cannot include A. they B. their C. them in the list of presenters. D. themselves E. None of above

Accepted Answer

本題為克漏字題，需要根據上下文選擇最適合填入空格 (32) 的詞語。句子結構是「Unfortunately we cannot include ____ in the list of presenters.」。

這裡的 "include" 後面需要接一個受詞 (object)，表示「我們不能包含誰」。

選項分析：
A. they (他們)：是主格代名詞，不能做受詞。
B. their (他們的)：是所有格代名詞，後面通常需要接名詞（如 their names）。

Question 27

(33) Ms. Julie has agreed to let us use the report A. her B. she C. hers D. herself prepared. E. None of above

Accepted Answer

核心觀念 本題考查關係子句中的主詞判斷，以及人稱代名詞的格。 完整句意為： Ms. Julie has agreed to let us use the report that she prepared. 其中，that she prepared 是修飾 the report 的關係子句： - that：關係代名詞，作 prepared 的受詞，指「報告」。 - she：關係子句的主詞，指 Ms. Julie。 - prepared：動詞。 由於關係代名詞 that 在子句中作受詞，因此可以省略，形成： the report she prepared 所以空格應填入主詞代名詞 she。 解題方法 先找出動詞 prepared 的主詞。 句型可還原為： $$ 	ext{Ms. Julie prepared the report.} $$ 改成關係子句後： $$ 	ext{the report that she prepared} $$ 因為 that 代表 the report，在關係子句中作 prepared 的受詞；真正的動作者是 Ms. Julie，因此必須使用主格代名詞 she： $$ 	ext{the report she prepared} $$ 完整句子為： Ms. Julie has agreed to let us use the report she prepared. 選項分析

Question 28

(34) How long have you by your present company? A. been employed B. being employed C. employed D. be employed E. None of above

Accepted Answer

本題為克漏字題，需要根據上下文選擇最適合填入空格 (34) 的詞語。句子結構是「How long have you ____ by your present company?」。

這是一個問句，詢問「你為現任公司工作了多久？」。這裡的「工作」是「被僱用」的意思，是一個被動語態。同時，句首的「How long have you」表示的是現在完成式，用來詢問持續時間。

現在完成式的被動語態結構是「have/has + been + 過去分詞」。

Question 29

(35) Bill has been A. working B. worked C. to be working D. to work in Holland since 1995. E. None of above

Accepted Answer

本題為克漏字題，需要根據上下文選擇最適合填入空格 (35) 的詞語。句子結構是「Bill has been ____ in Holland since 1995.」。

這裡的「since 1995」表示動作從 1995 年開始一直持續到現在，這是一個典型的現在完成進行式或現在完成式的標誌。

選項分析：
A. working：這是現在分詞。與「has been」搭配，構成現在完成進行式「has been working」，表示動作持續進行。
B. worked：這是過去分詞。

Question 30

(36) The interview had already been A. to be waited B. to be waiting C. waited D. waiting for an hour when she arrived. E. None of above

Accepted Answer

核心觀念 本題考查「過去完成進行式」的用法： $$ 	ext{had been + V-ing} $$ 過去完成進行式表示某個動作在過去另一個時間點之前已經持續一段時間，常與 $for +\時間$ 連用。 句中： - 「when she arrived」是較晚發生的過去事件。 - 「for an hour」表示動作已持續一小時。 - 因此空格應使用「在她抵達前，已經持續進行一小時」的時態。 完整句型為： $$ 	ext{The interview had already been waiting for an hour when she arrived.} $$ 此處將 interview 視為「面試安排／面試場合」使用，符合題目所要測驗的文法結構。 解題方法 先觀察句子的時間關係： 1. 面試等待一小時，是較早開始的動作。 2. 她抵達，是較晚發生的過去事件。 3. 動作從過去某時開始，一直持續到另一個過去時間點。 4. 因此使用過去完成進行式： $$ 	ext{had been + V-ing} $$ 動詞 $wait$ 的現在分詞為 $waiting$，所以答案為： $$ 	ext{had already been waiting} $$ 選項分析 - A. to be waited $to\ be\ waited$ 是不定詞的被動形式，不能接在過去完成進行式的結構中。題目需要的是 $had\ been + V	ext{-}ing$，因此 A 錯誤。

Question 31

(37) We had not A. to be had B. have C. haved D. had a chance to meet the new doctor before the meeting E. None of above

Accepted Answer

本題為克漏字題，需要根據上下文選擇最適合填入空格 (37) 的詞語。句子結構是「We had not ____ a chance to meet the new doctor before the meeting.」。

這裡的「had not」表示否定，後面需要接一個動詞。句子描述的是「在會議之前，我們沒有機會見到新醫生」。

我們需要一個動詞，表示「擁有」或「得到」機會。

選項分析：
A. to be had：不定詞的被動語態，不適用。
B. have：動詞原形。與「had not」搭配，形成「had not have」，這是錯誤的。

Question 32

(38) The dress A. cost B. is cost C. spent D. is spent me $100. E. None of above

Accepted Answer

本題為克漏字題，需要根據上下文選擇最適合填入空格 (38) 的詞語。句子結構是「The dress me

Question 33

(39) It's really a A. poor B. pity C. sorry D. kind that you have to leave so soon. E. None of above

Accepted Answer

本題為克漏字題，需要根據上下文選擇最適合填入空格 (39) 的詞語。句子結構是「It's really a ____ that you have to leave so soon.」。

這句話是在表達對某人必須這麼快離開的惋惜或遺憾。

選項分析：
A. poor：是形容詞，例如 "a poor excuse"。在這裡，"a poor that..." 的結構不常見。
B. pity：是名詞，表示「可惜」、「遺憾」。"It's a pity that..." 是非常常見的表達方式，意為「很可惜...」。

Question 34

(40) Nanotechnology is manipulation of matter on an atomic, molecular, and
supramolecular scale. The earliest, widespread description of nanotechnology
referred to the particular technological goal of precisely manipulating atoms and
molecules for fabrication of macroscale products, also now referred to as molecular
nanotechnology. NANO is made up of components between in size? Which of the
following is correct?
A. 1 and 100 μm
B. 1 and 100mm
C. 1 and 100 m
D. 0.0001 and 0.1 mm
E. None of above

Accepted Answer

核心觀念 本題考查奈米科技（nanotechnology）的尺寸定義。 「奈米」中的 $nano$ 是 $10^{-9}$ 的意思，因此： $$ 1\ 	ext{nm}=10^{-9}\ 	ext{m} $$ 一般而言，奈米尺度通常指物質的尺寸約介於 $1$ 至 $100\ 	ext{nm}$。換算成毫米為： $$ 1\ 	ext{nm}=10^{-6}\ 	ext{mm} $$ 所以： $$ 1\sim100\ 	ext{nm} = 0.000001\sim0.0001\ 	ext{mm} $$ 題目選項中沒有符合此範圍的答案。 解題方法 先掌握奈米尺度的標準範圍： $$ 1\sim100\ 	ext{nm} $$ 再將各選項的單位換算成奈米比較： - $1\ \mu	ext{m}=1000\ 	ext{nm}$ - $1\ 	ext{mm}=10^6\ 	ext{nm}$ - $1\ 	ext{m}=10^9\ 	ext{nm}$ 由於奈米尺度的上限約為 $100\ 	ext{nm}$，只要選項的範圍遠大於 $100\ 	ext{nm}$，即可判定錯誤。 選項分析 - A. 1 and 100 μm $1\ \mu	ext{m}=1000\ 	ext{nm}$，因此本選項代表 $1000\sim100000\ 	ext{nm}$，明顯大於奈米尺度，錯誤。 - B. 1 and 100 mm

Question 35

B. Please translate the instructions (1)-(2) below to Chinese. (10 points for each question)
(1) TSMC's Chang Upbeat About Long-Term Prospects for IC Industry
Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing founder Morris Chang says he's optimistic
towards the long-term prospects for the integrated circuit industry in the wake of
emerging technologies. In an interview with the Chinese-language Economic Daily
News, Chang says he remains upbeat about the semiconductor industry, due to the
continued need for computing, and I-C demand is expected to remain solid in the long
term. Chang is known as the "father of semiconductors" in the global integrated
circuit industry and for founding and building T-S-M-C into the world's largest
semiconductor foundry operator. The company now enjoys a more-than 50-per cent
share of the global pure-play foundry market. Chang retired from the company in
June 2018.

Accepted Answer

本題為翻譯題，要求將英文標題和內文翻譯成中文。

(1) 標題：TSMC's Chang Upbeat About Long-Term Prospects for IC Industry

TSMC's Chang: 台積電的張忠謀 (Morris Chang 是台積電的創辦人)
Upbeat: 樂觀的
About: 關於
Long-Term Prospects: 長期前景
for IC Industry: 對於積體電路產業

翻譯：台積電張忠謀看好IC產業長期前景

內文：

Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing founder Morris Chang says he's optimistic towards the long-term prospects for the integrated circuit industry in the wake of emerging technologies.
- Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing founder Morris Chang: 台灣半導體製造公司創辦人張忠謀
- says he's optimistic: 表示他對...感到樂觀
- towards the long-term prospects: 對於...的長期前景
- for the integrated circuit industry: 對於積體電路產業
- in the wake of emerging technologies: 在新興技術興起的背景下 / 隨著新興技術的出現
  翻譯：台灣半導體製造公司創辦人張忠謀表示，隨著新興技術的興起，他對積體電路產業的長期前景感到樂觀。
In an interview with the Chinese-language Economic Daily News, Chang says he remains upbeat about the semiconductor industry, due to the continued need for computing, and I-C demand is expected to remain solid in the long term.
- In an interview with the Chinese-language Economic Daily News: 在接受中文《經濟日報》的採訪時
- Chang says he remains upbeat about the semiconductor industry: 張忠謀表示他對半導體產業仍保持樂觀
- due to the continued need for computing: 由於持續的運算需求
- and I-C demand is expected to remain solid in the long term: 且預計長期而言，IC 需求將保持穩固。
  翻譯：在接受中文《經濟日報》的採訪時，張忠謀表示，由於持續的運算需求，且預計長期而言 IC 需求將保持穩固，他對半導體產業仍保持樂觀。

Question 36

B. Please translate the instructions (1)-(2) below to Chinese. (10 points for each question)
(1) TSMC's Chang Upbeat About Long-Term Prospects for IC Industry
Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing founder Morris Chang says he's optimistic
towards the long-term prospects for the integrated circuit industry in the wake of
emerging technologies. In an interview with the Chinese-language Economic Daily
News, Chang says he remains upbeat about the semiconductor industry, due to the
continued need for computing, and I-C demand is expected to remain solid in the long
term. Chang is known as the "father of semiconductors" in the global integrated
circuit industry and for founding and building T-S-M-C into the world's largest
semiconductor foundry operator. The company now enjoys a more-than 50-per cent
share of the global pure-play foundry market. Chang retired from the company in
June 2018.

Accepted Answer

本題為翻譯題，要求將英文標題和內文翻譯成中文。

(2) 標題：2019 New Year Celebration in Taipei, Taiwan

2019 New Year Celebration: 2019 年新年慶祝活動
in Taipei, Taiwan: 在台灣台北

翻譯：台北，台灣 2019 年新年慶祝活動

內文：

A massive crowd of people flocked to Taipei City Hall Square on Monday night awaiting the fireworks display at Taipei 101.
- A massive crowd of people flocked to: 大批人群湧向
- Taipei City Hall Square: 台北市政府前廣場
- on Monday night: 在週一晚上
- awaiting the fireworks display at Taipei 101: 等待台北 101 的煙火秀。
  翻譯：週一晚上，大批人群湧向台北市政府前廣場，等待台北 101 的煙火秀。
The revelers were treated to a six-minute pyrotechnic show - the longest ever at the skyscraper and accompanied by music and animations on an LED lighting system that covered the 35th to 90th floors on the tower's northern facade.
- The revelers were treated to: 參與慶祝的人們欣賞了 / 體驗了
- a six-minute pyrotechnic show: 一場六分鐘的煙火表演
- the longest ever at the skyscraper: 創下該摩天大樓歷來最長紀錄
- and accompanied by music and animations: 並伴隨著音樂和動畫
- on an LED lighting system: 在一個 LED 照明系統上
- that covered the 35th to 90th floors on the tower's northern facade: 覆蓋了建築北側外牆 35 至 90 樓。
  翻譯：慶祝者們欣賞了一場長達六分鐘的煙火表演——創下該摩天大樓歷來最長紀錄，並伴隨著覆蓋建築北側外牆 35 至 90 樓的 LED 照明系統上的音樂與動畫。
The Taipei 101 fireworks extravaganza, now in its 15th year, is one of the world's most popular New Year's countdown parties.
- The Taipei 101 fireworks extravaganza: 台北 101 的煙火盛會
- now in its 15th year: 如今已邁入第 15 年

Question 37

C. Please follow the instructions below to write an English essay with a length of about
150 to 180 words. (10 points for each question)
Nowadays, millions of Taiwanese are learning English as a prioritized foreign
language. More and more schools in Taiwan have made English an elective or even a
compulsory subject. Why has English become so popular these days? In your
composition, you should
(1) give reasons to explain this trend of learning English, and
(2) offer some suggestions on what can be done to attract domestic students to
learn English in Taiwan.

Accepted Answer

本題為英文寫作題，要求考生針對「為何英語在台灣日益普及」這個主題，提供原因並提出建議。寫作時需注意字數限制（約 150-180 字），並涵蓋題目要求的三個部分：(1) 解釋學習英語的趨勢原因，(2) 提出吸引國內學生學習英語的建議。

寫作架構建議：

第一段：引言 (Introduction)

點出英語在台灣日益普及的現象。
簡述英語的重要性（例如：全球化、學術、職涯）。
點出本文將探討原因並提出建議。

第二段：解釋原因 (Reasons)

說明英語普及的幾個主要原因。例如：
- 全球化趨勢：英語是國際溝通的通用語言。
- 學術研究：許多重要的學術文獻和研究都是英文。
- 科技發展：許多科技資訊和軟體介面是英文。
- 職涯發展：良好的英語能力有助於在職場上獲得更好的機會，尤其是在跨國企業或科技業。
- 流行文化：英語在音樂、電影、網路等領域的影響力。
- 教育政策：學校將英語列為必修或重點科目。

第三段：提出建議 (Suggestions)

根據上述原因，提出具體建議來吸引學生學習英語。例如：
- 提升英語教學品質：採用更生動、互動的教學方法，例如：任務式教學、融入式教學。
- 增加英語學習資源：提供更多樣化的學習管道，例如：線上學習平台、英語角、交換學生計畫。
- 創造英語學習環境：鼓勵在校園內使用英語，舉辦英語相關活動（如演講、競賽、戲劇表演）。
- 強調英語學習的實際應用：讓學生了解學習英語對他們未來學術和職涯發展的具體益處。
- 鼓勵與外籍人士交流：增加學生與母語人士互動的機會。

第四段：結論 (Conclusion)

總結英語學習的重要性。
重申吸引學生學習英語的必要性。
呼籲共同努力，提升英語能力。

範文範例 (僅供參考，請勿抄襲)：

Nowadays, English has become a prioritized foreign language in Taiwan, with millions of students actively learning it. Schools are increasingly offering English as an elective or even a compulsory subject. This rising popularity is driven by several key factors. Firstly, English is the undisputed global lingua franca, essential for international communication, academic research, and technological advancements. Secondly, proficiency in English significantly enhances career prospects, particularly in fields like technology and interna

108 年 國立中山大學材料與光電科學系碩士班甲組《科技英文》

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其他考古題

108 年中山大學的其他科目

其他學校的光電系考古題

108 年國立中山大學材料與光電科學系碩士班甲組《科技英文》