111 年 國立中央大學英美語文學系碩士班《文化與文學分析》

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國立中央大學 111 學年度碩士班考試入學試題

所別:英美語文學系碩士班 不分組(一般生)
科目:文化與文學分析

Instruction: Read the excerpt carefully and answer the following two questions in essay form (100%).

First question (60%): Explain the main argument of this excerpt.
Second question (40%): Present your own perspective on this excerpt.

By the mid-nineties, companies like Nike, Polo and Tommy Hilfiger were ready to take branding to the next level: no longer simply branding their own products, but branding the outside culture as well—by sponsoring cultural events, they could go out into the world and claim bits of it as brand-name outposts. For these companies, branding was not just a matter of adding value to a product. It was about thirstily soaking up cultural ideas and iconography that their brands could reflect by projecting these ideas and images back on the culture as "extensions" of their brands. Culture, in other words, would add value to their brands. For example, Onute Miller, senior brand manager for Tequila Sauza, explains that her company sponsored a risqué photography exhibit by George Holz because "art was a natural synergy with our product."

Branding's current state of cultural expansionism is about much more than traditional corporate sponsorships: the classic arrangement in which a company donates money to an event in exchange for seeing its logo on a banner or in a program. Rather, this is the Tommy Hilfiger approach of full-frontal branding, applied now to cityscapes, music, art, films, community events, magazines, sports and schools. This ambitious project makes the logo the central focus of everything it touches—not an add-on or a happy association, but the main attraction.

The effect, if not always the original intent, of advanced branding is to nudge the hosting culture into the background and make the brand the star. It is not to sponsor culture but to be the culture. And why shouldn't it be? If brands are not products but ideas, attitudes, values and experiences, why can't they be culture too?

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這一題的完整詳解

本題為一篇關於品牌文化擴張主義的閱讀理解題,要求考生分析文章主旨並提出個人觀點。

第一小題 (60%):說明此段文字的主要論點。

此段文字的主要論點在於闡述當代品牌操作已超越傳統贊助模式,進入「文化擴張主義」(cultural expansionism)的新階段。作者指出,自 1990 年代中期以來,Nike、Polo、Tommy Hilfiger 等公司已將品牌推向新層次,不再僅限於為自家產品打品牌,而是進一步將品牌「品牌化」(branding)外部文化。

具體而言,作者認為這種新的品牌操作模式包含以下幾個核心面向:

  1. 文化滲透與價值轉化: 品牌透過贊助文化活動,滲透至文化領域,吸收其中的文化觀念與圖像(iconography),再將這些元素重新投射回文化中,作為品牌的「延伸」(extensions)。在這個過程中,文化本身被用來為品牌增添價值,而非反之。文中以 Tequila Sauza 贊助攝影展為例,說明品牌與藝術之間的「協同效應」(synergy)。

  2. 超越傳統贊助: 作者強調,這種「文化擴張主義」不同於傳統的企業贊助,後者僅是單純的金錢交換(捐款換取曝光)。Tommy Hilfiger 的模式則是一種「全面性品牌化」(full-frontal branding),將品牌觸角延伸至城市景觀、音樂、藝術、電影、社區活動、雜誌、體育乃至學校等各個層面。

  3. 品牌成為文化核心: 這種野心勃勃的策略,使得品牌標誌(logo)成為其所觸及的一切事物的「核心焦點」(central focus),不再是附加或愉快的聯想,而是「主要吸引力」(main attraction)。

  4. 品牌取代文化: 最終效果(即使非原始意圖)是將「主辦文化」推向背景,讓品牌成為明星。品牌不再是贊助文化,而是「成為」文化本身。作者以反問句作結,質疑既然品牌已不再僅是產品,而是思想、態度、價值觀和經驗的集合,為何不能同時也是文化?

總結來說,此段文字的核心論點是:當代品牌已發展出極具侵略性的文化策略,透過將品牌深度融入並主導文化現象,最終目標是讓品牌本身成為文化的主體,而非僅僅是文化的參與者或贊助者。

【答案】此段文字的主要論點在於闡述當代品牌已進入「文化擴張主義」階段,透過將品牌深度融入並主導各種文化活動與符號,進而使品牌本身成為文化的核心與主體,超越了傳統的贊助模式。

第二小題 (40%):提出你對此段文字的個人觀點。

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