108 年 國立清華大學計量財務金融研究所財務金融組《英文》
第 5 題
- According to paragraph 1, the presidency of Andrew Jackson was especially significant for which of the following reasons?
(A) The President granted a portion of his power to the Senate.
(B). The President began to address the Senate on a regular basis.
(C) It was the beginning of the modern presidency in the United States.
(D) It was the first time that the Senate had been known to oppose the President.
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本題考驗考生對第一段內容的理解，特別是 Andrew Jackson 總統任期的重要性。第一段開頭即指出：「The development of the modern presidency in the United States began with Andrew Jackson...」這句話直接說明了 Jackson
第 6 題
- In Paragraph 2: The author mentions bankers and investors in the passage as an example of which of the following?
(A) The Democratic Party's main source of support
(B) The people that Democrats claimed were unfairly becoming rich
(C) The people most interested in a return to a simple agrarian republic
(D) One of the groups in favor of Andrew Jackson's presidency
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本題要求考生理解第二段中提及「bankers and investors」的目的。第二段描述了民主黨對社會的看法，認為社會存在「the people」（農民、種植者、工人）與「greedy aristocrats」之間的衝突。
第 7 題
- According to paragraph 3, Whigs believed that commerce and economic development would have which of the following effects on society?
(A) They would promote the advancement of society as a whole.
(B) They would cause disagreements between Whigs and Democrats
(C) They would supply new positions for Whig Party members.
(D) They would prevent conflict between farmers and workers.
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本題要求考生理解第三段中關於「Whigs」對商業和經濟發展的看法。第三段提到：「Whigs, on the other hand, were more comfortable with the market. For them, commerce and economic development were agents of civilization. Nor did the Whigs envision any conflict in society between farmers and workers on the one hand and businesspeople and bankers on the other. Economic growth would benefit everyone by r
第 8 題
- According to paragraph 3, which of the following describes the Whig Party's view of the role of government?
(A) To regulate the continuing conflict between farmers and businesspeople
(B) To restrict the changes brought about by the market
(C) To maintain an economy that allowed all capable citizens to benefit
(D) To reduce the emphasis on economic development
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本題要求考生從第三段中找出 Whig 黨對於政府角色的看法。第三段提到：「The government's responsibility was to provide a well-regulated economy that guaranteed opportunity for citizens of ability.」這句話說明了 Whigs 認為政府的責任是提供一個「良好規範的經濟」，以「
第 9 題
- In Paragraph 4: "Despite Andrew Jackson's inclination to be a strong President,"
The word inclination in the passage is closest in meaning to
(A) Argument
(B) Tendency
(C) Example
(D) Warning
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本題要求考生理解單字 "inclination" 在文中的意思。該單字出現在第四段：「Despite Andrew Jackson's inclination to be a strong President,」意思是「傾向」或「趨勢」
第 10 題
- According to paragraph 4, a Democrat would be most likely to support government action in which of the following areas?
(A) Creating a state religion
(B) Supporting humanitarian legislation
(C) Destroying monopolies
(D) Recommending particular moral beliefs
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本題要求考生根據第四段內容，判斷民主黨最可能支持政府在哪方面的行動。第四段提到：「Democrats as a rule believed in limited government. Government's role in the economy was to promote competition by destroying monopolies' and special privileges. In keeping with this philosophy of limited government, Democrats also rejected the idea that moral beliefs were the proper sphere of government action. Religion and politics, they believed, should be kept cl
第 11 題
- In Paragraph 5: "Indeed, for Whigs the concept of government promoting the general welfare went beyond the economy."
The word concept in the passage is closest in meaning to
(A) Power
(B) Reality
(C) Difficulty
(D) Idea
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本題要求考生理解單字 "concept" 在文中的意思。該單字出現在第五段：「Indeed, for Whigs the concept of government promoting the general welfare went beyond the econom
第 12 題
- Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 5 about variations in political beliefs within the Whig Party?
(A) They were focused on issues of public liberty.
(B) They caused some members to leave the Whig party.
(C) They were unimportant to most Whigs.
(D) They reflected regional interests.
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本題要求考生從第五段推論出關於 Whig 黨內部政治信念差異的資訊。第五段提到：「In particular, Whigs in the northern sections of the United States also believed that government power should be used to foster the moral welfare of the country. They were much more likely to favor social-reform legi
第 13 題
- According to paragraph 6, the Democrats were supported by all of the following groups EXCEPT
(A) workers unhappy with the new industrial system
(B) planters involved in international trade
(C) rising entrepreneurs
(D) individuals seeking to open the economy to newcomers
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本題要求考生根據第六段內容，判斷哪個群體不是民主黨的支持者。第六段提到：「Democrats attracted farmers isolated from the market or uncomfortable with it, workers alienated from the emerging industrial system, and rising entrepreneurs who wanted to break monopolies and open the economy to newcomers like themselves.」
對照選項：
第 15 題
- It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following discoveries was made during the first era in the history of nutrition?
(A) Protein was recognized as an essential component of diet.
(B) Vitamins were synthesized from foods.
(C) Effective techniques of weight loss were determined.
(D) Certain foods were found to be harmful to good health.
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本題要求考生從文章中推論出第一時期（19 世紀至 20 世紀初）的營養學發現。第一段提到：「the first began in the nineteenth century and extended into the early twentieth century when it was recognized for the first time that food contained constituents that were essential for human function and that different foods provided different amounts of these essential agents. Near the end of this era, research studies demonstrated that rapid weight loss was associated with nitrogen imbalance and could only be rectified by providing adequate dietary protein associated with certain foods.」
第 16 題
- The word "tempting" in line 12 is closest in meaning to
(A) necessary
(B) attractive
(C) realistic
(D) correct
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本題要求考生理解單字 "tempting" 在文中的意思。該單字出現在第二段：「As vitamins became recognized as essential food constituents necessary for health, it became tempting to suggest that every disease and condition for which there had been no previous effective treatment migh
第 17 題
- It can be inferred from the passage that medical schools began to teach concepts of nutrition in order to
(A) convince medical doctors to participate in research studies on nutrition
(B) encourage medical doctors to apply concepts of nutrition in the treatment of disease
(C) convince doctors to conduct experimental vitamin therapies on their patients
(D) support the creation of artificial vitamins
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本題要求考生從文章推論出醫學院開始教授營養學概念的原因。第二段提到：「As vitamins became recognized as essential food constituents necessary for health, it became tempting to suggest that every disease and condition for which there had been no previous effective treatment might be responsive to vitamin therapy. At that point in time, medical schools started to become m
第 18 題
- The word "Reckless" in line 18 is closest in meaning to
(A) recorded
(B) irresponsible
(C) informative
(D) urgent
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核心觀念 – 詞彙近義辨識
本題屬於英文閱讀理解的詞彙推測題，考點在於根據文意判斷單字 Reckless 在第 18 行的語境下最接近的中文意義。關鍵在於：
- 語境判斷：了解前後句子所描述的行動或態度是否帶有「不顧後果、魯莽」的語氣。
- 同義詞辨別：掌握常見的近義詞與其語意差異：
- recorded：已記錄的、存檔的。
- irresponsible：不負責任的、魯莽的。
- informative：提供資訊的、具啟發性的。
- urgent：急迫的、緊急的。
解題方法 – 步驟說明
- 快速定位：先找出第 18 行的完整句子，觀察 Reckless 前後的動詞或名詞，判斷是否描述「缺乏謹慎」的行為。
- 排除法：將四個選項與句意逐一比對，排除明顯不符的選項。
- 最合適選項：剩下最貼切的詞即為答案。
選項分析
| 選項 | 中文意義 | 與句意比對 | 判斷 |
|---|---|---|---|
| (A) recorded | 「已記錄的」 | 若句子在敘述資料被保存、登錄，才會使用 recorded。Reckless 表示行為態度，與「記錄」無關。 | 錯誤 |
第 19 題
- Why did vitamin therapy begin losing favor in the 1950's
(A) The public lost interest in vitamins.
(B) Medical schools stopped teaching nutritional concepts.
(C) Nutritional research was of poor quality
(D) Claims for the effectiveness of vitamin therapy were seen to be exaggerated.
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本題要求考生找出維生素療法在 1950 年代開始失寵的原因。第三段提到：「In the third era of nutritional history in the early 1950's to mid-1960s, vitamin therapy began to fall into disrepute. Concomitant with this, nutrition education in medical schools also became less popular. It was just a decade before this that many drug companies had found their vitamin sales skyrocketing and were quick to supply practicing physicians with generous samples of vitamins and literature extolling the virtue of supplementation for a variety of health-relate
第 20 題
- The word "skyrocketing" in line 23 is closest in meaning to
(A) internationally popular
(B) increasing rapidly
(C) acceptable
(D) surprising
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本題要求考生理解單字 "skyrocketing" 在文中的意思。該單字出現在第三段：「It was just a decade before this that many drug companies had found their vitamin sales skyrocketing...」意思是「急劇上升」。
第 21 題
- The word "extolling" in line 24 is closest in meaning to
(A) analyzing
(B) questioning
(C) praising
(D) promising
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本題要求考生理解單字 "extolling" 在文中的意思。該單字出現在第三段：「...and were quick to supply practicing physicians with generous samples of vitamins and literature extolling the virtue of supplementation for a va
第 22 題
- The paragraph following the passage most probably discusses
(A) the fourth era of nutrition history
(B) problems associated with undernutrition
(C) how drug companies became successful
(D) why nutrition education lost its appeal
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本題要求考生預測下一段可能討論的主題。文章最後一段總結了第三時期（1950s-1960s）的維生素療法失寵，並提到「Expectations as to the success of vitamins in disease control were exaggerated. As is known in retrospect, vitamin and mineral therapies are much less effective when applied to health-crisis conditions than when applied to long-term problems of un
第 24 題
- Which of the following was NOT a reason for the introduction of rent controls in Santa Monica, California?
(A) rapid population growth
(B) inflation
(C) economic conditions during wartime
(D) record-high housing prices
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本題要求考生找出文章中未提及的聖莫尼卡實施租金管制的原因。文章第三段提到：「In places such as Santa Monica, California, rent controls are more recent. They were spurred by the inflation of the 1970's, which, combined with California's rapid population growth, pushed housing prices, as well as rents
第 25 題
- The phrase "roll back" in line 11 is closest in meaning to
(A) credit
(B) measure
(C) vary
(D) reduce
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本題要求考生理解片語 "roll back" 在文中的意思。該片語出現在第三段：「In 1979 Santa Monica's municipal government ordered landlords to roll back their rents to the levels charged in 19
第 26 題
- The word "stimulating" in line 15 is closest in meaning to
(A) experimenting with
(B) identifying
(C) estimating
(D) encouraging
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本題要求考生理解單字 "stimulating" 在文中的意思。該單字出現在第四段：「rental prices perform three functions: (1) promoting the efficient maintenance of existing housing and stimulating the construction of n
第 27 題
- It can be inferred that the purpose of rent control is to
(A) protect tenants
(B) promote construction
(C) increase vacancy rates
(D) decrease sales of rental units
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本題要求考生從文章中推論出租金管制的目的。文章開頭定義租金管制是政府規定房東向房客收取的租金金額。接著提到租金管制是為了「help solve the problem of housing shortages」（幫助解決住房短缺問題）。雖然文章也討論了租金管制對建造的負面影響，但其初衷或目的通常是為了保護租客免受過高的租金和住房短缺的影響。
第 28 題
- The word "depressed" in line 19 is closest in meaning to
(A) saddened
(B) created
(C) lowered
(D) defeated
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本題要求考生理解單字 "depressed" 在文中的意思。該單字出現在第五段：「Rent controls have artificially depressed the most important long-term determinant of profitability - rent
第 29 題
- The information in the last paragraph supports which of the following statements?
(A) San Francisco has eliminated its rent control laws.
(B) Rent control leads to a reduction in the construction of housing units
(C) Luxury apartments are rarely built when there is rent control
(D) There is a growing need for government-subsidized housing.
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本題要求考生從文章最後一段中找出支持的論點。最後一段提到：「In New York City, except for government-subsidized construction, the only rental units being built are luxury units, which are exempt from controls. In Santa Monica, California, new apartments are not being constructed. New office rental space and commercial developments are, however. They are exempt from rent controls.」
第 30 題
- According to the passage, which of the following cities does NOT currently have
rent controls?
(A) Santa Monica
(B) Dallas
(C) San Francisco
(D) New York City
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本題要求考生找出文章中沒有提及目前實施租金管制的城市。文章最後一段提到：
- 紐約市 (New York City) 有租金管制（除政府補貼外）。
- 聖莫尼卡 (Santa Monica) 有租金管制（新公寓未建造）。
- 舊金山 (San Francisco) 有嚴格的租金管制。
第 31 題
- According to the passage, which of the following is NOT exempt from rent control?
(A) Luxury apartments
(B) Commercial development
(C) Moderately priced apartments
(D) Office space.
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本題要求考生找出文章中沒有被租金管制豁免的項目。文章最後一段提到：
- 「In New York City, except for government-subsidized construction, the only rental units being built are luxury units, which are exempt from controls.」 （豪宅單元被豁免）
第 32 題
Question 32 to 40 are based on the following article.
Psychology
Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make an important decision, such as choosing a university to attend or a business to invest in, involves the utilization of a decision worksheet. Psychologists who study optimization compare the actual decisions made by people to theoretical ideal decisions to see how similar they are. Proponents of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions. Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheets can take, they are all similar in their essential aspects. Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear and concise way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem. Next, the pertinent considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed, and the relative importance of each consideration or consequence is determined. Each consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance. A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together. The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best decision.
Since most important problems are multifaceted, there are several alternatives to choose from, each with unique advantages and disadvantages. One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend and remember. On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once. A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables with complex relationships. A realistic example for many college students is the question "What will I do after graduation?" A graduate might seek a position that offers specialized training, pursue an advanced degree, or travel abroad for a year.
A decision-making worksheet begins with a succinct statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it. It is important to be clear about the distinction between long- range and immediate goals because long-range goals often involve a different decision than short-range ones.
Focusing on long-range goals, a graduating student might revise the question above to "What will I do after graduation that will lead to successful career?"
- What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) A tool to assist in making complex decisions.
(B) A comparison of actual decisions and ideal decisions
(C) Research on how people make decisions
(D) Differences between long-range and short-range decision making
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本題要求考生判斷文章的主旨。文章開頭即介紹了一種「decision worksheet」（決策工作表），並詳細說明了它的步驟、優點，以及如何用來做出最佳決策。文章也提到了其在處理複雜問題和多變量時的有效性。因此，文章主要討論的是「一個協助做出複雜決策的工具」。
第 33 題
- The word "essential" in line 7 is closest in meaning to
(A) introductory
(B) changeable
(C) beneficial
(D) fundamental
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本題要求考生理解單字 "essential" 在文中的意思。該單字出現在第一段：「Proponents of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions. Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheets can ta
第 34 題
- The word "pertinent" in line 9 is closest in meaning to
(A) relevant
(B) preceding
(C) insightful
(D) responsive
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本題要求考生理解單字 "pertinent" 在文中的意思。該單字出現在第一段：「Next, the pertinent considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed...」這裡的 "pertinent" 意
第 35 題
- Of the following steps, which occurs before the others in making a decision
worksheet?
(A) Listing the consequences of each solution
(B) Calculating a numerical summary of each solution
(C) Deciding which consequences are most important
(D) Writing down all possible solutions
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本題要求考生根據文章描述的決策工作表製作步驟，判斷哪個步驟發生在其他步驟之前。文章第一段描述了決策工作表的步驟：「Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear and concise way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem. Next, the pertinent considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed, and the relative importance of each consideration or consequence is determined. Each consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance. A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together.」
步驟順序如下：
- 定義問題 (defining the problem)。
- 列出所有可能的解決方案 (listing all possible solutions)。
第 36 題
- According to decision-worksheet theory, an optimal decision is defined as one that
(A) has the fewest variables to consider
(B) uses the most decision worksheets
(C) has the most points assigned to it
(D) is agreed to by the greatest number of people
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本題要求考生根據決策工作表理論，判斷「最佳決策」（optimal decision）的定義。文章第一段提到：「Proponents of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions. ... A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together. The alterna
第 37 題
- The author develops the discussion in paragraph 1 by means of
(A) describing a process
(B) classifying types of worksheets
(C) providing historical background
(D) explaining a theory
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本題要求考生判斷作者在第一段中是如何展開討論的。第一段開頭介紹了「decision worksheet」（決策工作表）這個工具，接著說明了其目的（yield optimal decisions），然後描述了其基本組成部分和步驟，例如定義問題、列出解決方案、列出考量、分配數值、進行計算等。
第 38 題
- The author states that "On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their
minds at once (lines 18-19) to explain that
(A) most decisions involve seven steps
(B) human mental capacity has limitations
(C) some people have difficulty making minor as well as major decisions
(D) people can learn to keep more than seven ideas in their minds with practice
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本題要求考生理解作者引用「On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once」這句話的用意。
第 39 題
- The word "succinct "in line 24 is closest in meaning to
(A) creative
(B) satisfactory
(C) personal
(D) concise
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本題要求考生理解單字 "succinct" 在文中的意思。該單字出現在第三段：「A decision-making worksheet begins with a succinct statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it.」這裡的 "
第 40 題
- The word "revise" in line 28 is closest in meaning to
(A) ask
(B) explain
(C) change
(D) predict
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本題要求考生理解單字 "revise" 在文中的意思。該單字出現在第三段：「Focusing on long-range goals, a graduating student might revise the question above to 'What will I do after graduation that wi