109 年 國立中山大學精準醫學聯合碩士班《英文》
第 1 題
- Because the new principal is young and inexperienced, the teachers are
about whether he can run the school well.
(A) passionate
(B) impressive
(C) arrogant
(D) skeptical
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本題考查詞彙的辨識與應用,重點在於理解「young and inexperienced」(年輕且缺乏經驗)對「teachers」可能產生的態度。
題幹描述新校長年輕且缺乏經驗,這通常會讓老師們產生懷疑或不確定的態度,而不是熱情、令人印象深刻或傲慢。
第 2 題
- Many universities offer a large number of scholarships as an
students to enroll in their schools.
(A) ornament
(B) incentive
(C) emphasis
(D) application
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本題考查詞彙的辨識與應用,重點在於理解大學提供獎學金的目的。
題幹提到「Many universities offer a large number of scholarships」(許多大學提供大量獎學金),其目的是為了「attract outstanding students to enroll in their schools」(吸引優秀學生註冊入學)。這裡需要一個詞來表示「吸引」的手段或誘因。
第 3 題
- Since Diana is such an
speaker, she has won several medals for her school in national speech contests.
(A) authentic
(B) imperative
(C) eloquent
(D) optional
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本題考查詞彙的辨識與應用,重點在於理解「won several medals for her school in national speech contests」(在全國演講比賽中為學校贏得獎牌)與「speaker」(演講者)之間的關係。
題幹指出 Diana 在全國演講比賽中贏得獎牌,這表示她是一位非常出色的演講者。因此,形容詞應表示「口才流利的」、「雄辯的」。
第 4 題
- The candidate made energy
the central theme of his campaign, calling for a greater reduction in oil consumption.
(A) evolution
(B) conservation
(C) donation
(D) opposition
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本題考查詞彙的辨識與應用,重點在於理解「calling for a greater reduction in oil consumption」(呼籲大幅減少石油消耗)與「energy」之間的關係,以及其在競選活動中的主題。
題幹提到候選人將「energy」作為競選活動的中心主題,並呼籲減少石油消耗。這表明他關注的是如何更有效地利用和保護能源。
第 5 題
- Concerned about mudslides, the local government quickly
the villagers from their homes before the typhoon hit the mountain area.
(A) evacuated
(B) suffocated
(C) humiliated
(D) accommodated
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本題考查詞彙的辨識與應用,重點在於理解「Concerned about mudslides」(擔心土石流)以及在颱風來臨前,政府對村民採取的行動。
面對土石流和颱風的潛在危險,政府的首要任務是確保村民的安全,將他們從危險地區轉移到安全地方。
第 6 題
difficult our mission is, we will make every effort to complete it.
(A) Whatever
(B) Whichever
(C) However
(D) Whenever
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本題考查連接詞的用法,特別是與形容詞或副詞搭配,用來引導讓步子句。
題幹結構是「____ difficult our mission is, we will make every effort to complete it.」。這裡需要一個詞來連接形容詞 "difficult" 和後面的子句,表示「無論我們的任務多麼困難」。
- (A) Whatever:無論什麼。通常後面接名詞或名詞片語(whatever the mission is)。
- (B) Whichever:無論哪一個。
第 7 題
had Jack taken off his shoes than Susan rushed in to grab him by the collar.
(A) Not until
(B) When
(C) Hardly
(D) No sooner
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本題考查時間副詞的用法,特別是與過去完成式搭配,表示「一…就…」的極短時間關係。
題幹結構為「____ had Jack taken off his shoes than Susan rushed in...」。這種「倒裝 + 過去完成式 + than + 過去式」的結構,用來連接兩個緊密發生的連續動作,表示「一發生某事,另一件事緊接著發生」。
- (A) Not until:直到…才…。通常後面接時間點或子句,且句子需要倒裝,但結構是 "Not until + [時間點/子句], did/had + 主詞 + 動作..."。
- (B) When:當…的時候。雖然可以表示時間先後,但無法表達這種極緊密的連續性,且後面通常直接接過去式或過去完成式,但結構上不如其他選項精確。
第 8 題
- Even the post officer asked her not to order goods from the Internet because she lives in a
village.
(A) close
(B) remote
(C) removed
(D) nearly
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本題考查形容詞的辨識與應用,重點在於理解「post officer asked her not to order goods from the Internet」(郵局人員請她不要在網路上訂購商品)的原因,以及她居住的「village」(村莊)的特性。
郵局人員建議不要網購,通常是因為該地點交通不便,物流配送困難。因此,這個村莊很可能是偏遠的。
第 9 題
- You should live within your income. Otherwise, you won't be able to earn enough money
to
(A) break the ice
(B) cut corners
(C) hunt for bargains
(D) make ends meet
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本題考查慣用語(idioms)的辨識與應用。
題幹前半句「You should live within your income.」(你應該量入為出)給出了核心建議。後半句「Otherwise, you won't be able to earn enough money to...」(否則,你將無法賺取足夠的錢來…)則說明了不這樣做的後果。這裡需要一個慣用語來表示「賺取足夠的錢來支付生活開銷」。
第 10 題
- The new models of
hearts are expected to be set fully in the patient's chest.
(A) artificial
(B) synthetic
(C) counterfeit
(D) imitative
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本題考查形容詞的辨識與應用,重點在於理解「new models of hearts」(新型號的心臟)在醫學上的用途,通常是指用於替代或修復人體器官的人工器官。
題幹提到「new models of hearts are expected to be set fully in the patient's chest.」(新型號的心臟預計將完全植入病患胸腔)。這暗示了這些心臟是為了取代或輔助病患自身的心臟而設計的。
第 11 題
- Food shortage is one of the main causes of
nutrition among children in developing
countries.
(A) inadequate
(B) distinctive
(C) vigorous
(D) abundant
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本題考查形容詞的辨識與應用,重點在於理解「Food shortage」(食物短缺)對「nutrition」(營養)的影響。
食物短缺意味著食物供應不足,這直接導致兒童無法獲得足夠的營養。
- (A) inadequate:不足的、不夠的。食物短缺導致營養不足(inadequate nutrition),這非常符合邏輯。
第 12 題
- According to labor regulations, if employees are unable to work because of a serious disease,
they are
to take an extended sick leave.
(A) adapted
(B) oriented
(C) entitled
(D) intimidated
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本題考查詞彙辨識與應用,重點在於理解勞動法規(labor regulations)賦予員工的權利,當他們因嚴重疾病無法工作時。
題幹指出,根據勞動法規,如果員工因嚴重疾病無法工作,他們「有權」或「被允許」休長病假。
- (A) adapted:適應的。員工並非「適應」休長病假,而是被賦予這項權利。
- (B) oriented:導向的、面向的。這個詞在這裡語意不通。
第 13 題
- Susan's physician suggested that she undergo a brain surgery. But she decided to ask for a
second
from another doctor.
(A) purpose
(B) statement
(C) excuse
(D) opinion
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本題考查詞彙的辨識與應用,重點在於理解為什麼 Susan 在接受了醫生的腦部手術建議後,還會「向另一位醫生」尋求什麼。
當面對重大醫療決定(如腦部手術)時,尋求第二位醫生的意見(second opinion)是很常見的做法,以確認診斷和治療方案。
第 14 題
- Industrial waste must be cautiously handled, or it will
the public water supply.
(A) facilitate
(B) contaminate
(C) manipulate
(D) legitimate
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本題考查詞彙的辨識與應用,重點在於理解「Industrial waste」(工業廢棄物)若處理不當(cautiously handled 的否定,即未謹慎處理)可能造成的後果。
工業廢棄物通常含有有害物質,如果未經妥善處理,可能會污染環境,特別是水源。
第 15 題
- If you exercise regularly, you might feel more energetic, as your blood
will be improved.
(A) circulation
(B) tranquility
(C) fragrance
(D) fatigue
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本題考查詞彙的辨識與應用,重點在於理解「exercise regularly」(規律運動)對人體健康的益處,特別是與「energetic」(精力充沛)和「blood」(血液)之間的關聯。
規律運動能促進身體健康,使人更有活力。在血液循環方面,運動能改善血液流動,將氧氣和營養輸送到全身,從而讓人感覺更有活力。
- (A) circulation:循環。血液循環(blood circulation)是運動能顯著改善的生理機能,進而提升精力。
第 16 題
- People who buy lottery tickets either try to win a get wealth
for the poor and the disabled.
(A) or
(B) neither
(C) and
(D) yet
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核心觀念
本題考查「成對連接詞」 的用法:
其中 與 必須在語意與文法結構上平行。本句已有:
People who buy lottery tickets either try to win ... ___ get wealth for the poor and the disabled.
前方的 表示後方必須搭配 ,形成 。
題幹中的 “a get wealth” 顯然有排版或 OCR 錯誤;依句意與選項判斷,應理解為:
People who buy lottery tickets either try to win a great wealth or get wealth for the poor and the disabled.
解題方法
先尋找句中的固定搭配。看到 後,直接判斷其對應連接詞為 :
兩部分皆由動詞片語構成:
第 17 題
the file had been checked twice, the senior manager found a mistake.
(A) Unless
(B) However
(C) Since
(D) Even though
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本題考查連接詞的用法,重點在於理解「the file had been checked twice」(檔案檢查了兩次)與「the senior manager found a mistake」(資深經理發現了一個錯誤)之間的邏輯關係。
檔案檢查了兩次,但仍然發現了錯誤,這表示檢查的次數並沒有阻止錯誤的發生,或者說,儘管做了檢查,錯誤仍然存在。這是一種讓步或對比的關係。
- (A) Unless:除非。表示條件,與句意不符。
- (B) However:然而、但是。表示轉折或對比。這符合「檢查了兩次,然而還是有錯誤」的語意。
- (C) Since:自從;因為。表示時間或原因。這裡不是時間關係,也不是原因關係(檢查兩次不是發現錯誤的原因)。
- (D) Even though:儘管、雖然。表示讓步。這也符合「儘管檢查了兩次,但還是有錯誤」的語意。
在 (B) However 和 (D) Even though 之間,"However" 通常用於連接兩個獨立的句子或子句,表示前後句的轉折。而 "Even though" 則用來引導一個讓步的從句,修飾主句。
在這個句子結構中,「the file had been checked twice」是一個從句,後面跟著主句「the senior manager found a mistake」。
第 18 題
- The Central Downtown
as the costliest place in the city to do business.
(A) often is referred
(B) is referred often to
(C) is often referred
(D) is often referred to
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本題考查動詞被動語態與副詞位置的應用。
題幹是「The Central Downtown ______ as the costliest place in the city to do business.」。這裡需要一個被動語態的動詞片語,並且副詞 "often" 需要放在正確的位置。
動詞是 "refer to"(提及、稱為)。被動語態是 "is referred to"。
副詞 "often" 通常放在:
- be 動詞之後。
- 助動詞之後。
- 主要動詞之前(主動語態)。
在這個句子中,be 動詞是 "is"。所以,"often" 應該放在 "is" 之後。
被動語態的結構是 "be + referred to"。
所以,我們需要將 "often" 放在 "is" 之後,並將 "referred to" 組合起來。
第 19 題
- Harry is currently studying at a university
you must have heard, and he is doing extremely well. Every member in his family is very proud of him.
(A) which
(B) in which
(C) by which
(D) of which
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本題考查關係代名詞的用法,重點在於選擇正確的關係代名詞來連接 "university" 和後面的子句 "you must have heard"。
題幹是「Harry is currently studying at a university ____ you must have heard, and he is doing extremely well.」
這裡需要一個關係代名詞來指代 "university"。
後面的子句是 "you must have heard"。
我們需要判斷 "university" 在這個子句中扮演什麼角色。
「You must have heard of the university.」
或者
「You must have heard about the university.」
在 "heard of" 或 "heard about" 中,"of" 或 "about" 是介詞。
當關係代名詞引導的子句中,先行詞(university)與一個介詞連用時,我們需要使用「介詞 + 關係代名詞」的結構,或者將介詞放在關係代名詞後面。
- (A) which:如果用 "which",則句子會變成 "Harry is currently studying at a university which you must have heard."。
第 20 題
- As professors report that their students are more refreshed after the rest, the introduction of a
spring break at the university proved surprisingly
(A) abundant
(B) legible
(C) salutary
(D) accessible
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本題考查詞彙的辨識與應用,重點在於理解「students are more refreshed after the rest」(學生在休息後感到更精神煥發)以及「introduction of a spring break」(引入春假)之間的因果關係。
教授們報告說,學生們在休息後感覺更好了。這表示春假(spring break)的引入,對學生們的身心健康是有益的。
第 1 題
- Healthcare space is filling up fast with revolutionary technologies. Growing healthcare challenges, from the rise in chronic diseases to the ageing global population, limit the capabilities of hospitals, medical practitioners, and service providers to deliver quality healthcare services in order to improve patient outcomes. These challenges have led them to the doors of advanced technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence, machine learning, and data analytics. Among these, IoT has gained maximum attention of healthcare service providers.
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此題為翻譯題的題幹,要求將英文翻譯成中文。
英文原文分析:
-
Healthcare space is filling up fast with revolutionary technologies.
- healthcare space:醫療領域、醫療產業。
- filling up fast with:快速被…所填滿/充斥。
- revolutionary technologies:革命性的技術。
- 整句:醫療領域正快速地被革命性技術所填滿。
-
Growing healthcare challenges, from the rise in chronic diseases to the ageing global population, limit the capabilities of hospitals, medical practitioners, and service providers to deliver quality healthcare services in order to improve patient outcomes.
- Growing healthcare challenges:日益嚴峻的醫療挑戰。
- from the rise in chronic diseases to the ageing global population:從慢性疾病的增加到全球人口老化(這是一個範圍的說明)。
- limit the capabilities of...:限制了…的能力。
- hospitals, medical practitioners, and service providers:醫院、醫療從業者以及服務提供者。
- to deliver quality healthcare services:提供高品質的醫療服務。
- in order to improve patient outcomes:以改善病患的治療結果。
- 整句:日益嚴峻的醫療挑戰,從慢性疾病的增加到全球人口老化,限制了醫院、醫療從業者和服務提供者為了改善病患治療結果而提供高品質醫療服務的能力。
-
**These challenges have led them to the doors of advanced technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence, machine learning, and
第 2 題
- The ambition of precision medicine is to design and optimize the pathway for diagnosis, therapeutic intervention, and prognosis by using large multidimensional biological datasets that capture individual variability in genes, function and environment. This offers clinicians the opportunity to more carefully tailor early interventions—whether treatment or preventative in nature—to each individual patient. Taking advantage of high performance computer capabilities, artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms can now achieve reasonable success in predicting risk in certain cancers and cardiovascular disease from available multidimensional clinical and biological data.
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此題為翻譯題的題幹,要求將英文翻譯成中文。
英文原文分析:
-
The ambition of precision medicine is to design and optimize the pathway for diagnosis, therapeutic intervention, and prognosis by using large multidimensional biological datasets that capture individual variability in genes, function and environment.
- The ambition of precision medicine:精準醫療的目標/抱負。
- is to design and optimize the pathway for...:是設計並優化…的途徑。
- diagnosis, therapeutic intervention, and prognosis:診斷、治療介入以及預後。
- by using large multidimensional biological datasets:透過使用大型多維生物數據集。
- that capture individual variability in genes, function and environment:這些數據集能捕捉個體在基因、功能和環境方面的變異性。
- 整句:精準醫療的目標是透過使用能捕捉個體在基因、功能和環境方面變異性的大型多維生物數據集,來設計並優化診斷、治療介入和預後的途徑。
-
This offers clinicians the opportunity to more carefully tailor early interventions—whether treatment or preventative in nature—to each individual patient.
- This offers clinicians the opportunity:這為臨床醫生提供了機會。
- to more carefully tailor early interventions:更仔細地量身定制早期干預措施。
- —whether treatment or preventative in nature—:無論是治療性的還是預防性的性質(補充說明)。
- to each individual patient:針對每一位個別病患。
- 整句:這為臨床醫生提供了機會,能夠更仔細地為每一位個別病患量身定制早期干預措施——無論是治療性的還是預防性的。
-
**Taking advantage of high performance computer capabilities, artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms can now achieve reasonable success in predicting risk in certain cancers an
第 3 題
- Physicians rely increasingly on a wide array of laboratory tests to solve clinical problems. However, laboratory data do not relieve the physician from the responsibility of carefully observing the patient. It is essential to appreciate the limitations of diagnostic tests. They often gain an aura of certainty regardless of the fallibility of the tests themselves, the instruments used in the tests, and the individuals performing the tests. Physicians must weigh the expense involved in laboratory procedures against the value of the information these procedures are likely to provide.
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此題為翻譯題的題幹,要求將英文翻譯成中文。
英文原文分析:
-
Physicians rely increasingly on a wide array of laboratory tests to solve clinical problems.
- Physicians rely increasingly on...:醫師越來越依賴…。
- a wide array of laboratory tests:各種各樣的實驗室檢測。
- to solve clinical problems:來解決臨床問題。
- 整句:醫師越來越依賴各種各樣的實驗室檢測來解決臨床問題。
-
However, laboratory data do not relieve the physician from the responsibility of carefully observing the patient.
- However:然而。
- laboratory data do not relieve the physician from the responsibility of...:實驗室數據並不能免除醫師…的責任。
- carefully observing the patient:仔細觀察病患。
- 整句:然而,實驗室數據並不能免除醫師仔細觀察病患的責任。
-
It is essential to appreciate the limitations of diagnostic tests.
- It is essential to appreciate...:體認到…至關重要。
- the limitations of diagnostic tests:診斷檢測的局限性。
- 整句:體認到診斷檢測的局限性至關重要。
-
They often gain an aura of certainty regardless of the fallibility of the tests themselves, the instruments used in the tests, and the individuals performing the tests.
- They often gain an aura of certainty:它們(指診斷檢測)常常獲得一種確定性的光環。
- regardless of the fallibility of...:而不論…的易錯性/不可靠性。
- the tests themselves:檢測本身。
第 4 題
- The applications of X-ray imaging in the medical field are manifold and have led to dedicated modalities supporting specific imaging requirements, for example in computed tomography (CT), radiography, angiography, surgery or mammography, delivering projection or volumetric imaging data. Depending on the clinical needs, some X-ray systems enable diagnostic imaging while others support interventional procedures.
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此題為翻譯題的題幹,要求將英文翻譯成中文。
英文原文分析:
- The applications of X-ray imaging in the medical field are manifold and have led to dedicated modalities supporting specific imaging requirements, for example in computed tomography (CT), radiography, angiography, surgery or mammography, delivering projection or volumetric imaging data.
- The applications of X-ray imaging in the medical field are manifold:X光成像在醫學領域的應用是多方面的。
- and have led to dedicated modalities:並且催生了專門的成像模式(或技術)。
- supporting specific imaging requirements:以支援特定的成像需求。
- for example in...:例如在…中。
- computed tomography (CT), radiography, angiography, surgery or mammography:電腦斷層掃描(CT)、放射攝影、血管攝影、手術或乳房攝影。
- delivering projection or volumetric imaging data:提供投影或容積成像數據。
- 整句:X光成像在醫學領域的應用是多方面的,並已催生了支援特定成像需求的專門成像模式,例如電腦斷層掃描(CT)、放射攝影、血管攝影、手術或乳房攝影,這些模式能夠提供投影或容積成像數據。