109 年 國立中山大學醫學科技研究所碩士班《英文》
第 1 題
Because the new principal is young and inexperienced, the teachers are ______ about whether he can run the school well.
(A) passionate
(B) impressive
(C) arrogant
(D) skeptical
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這題主要考驗單字辨識與語意理解。題目描述新校長年輕且缺乏經驗,這使得老師們對於他能否良好地管理學校感到「懷疑」。
- (A) passionate (熱情的):與語境不符,老師們不會因為校長年輕缺乏經驗而感到熱情。
第 2 題
Many universities offer a large number of scholarships as an ______ to attract outstanding students to enroll in their schools.
(A) ornament
(B) incentive
(C) emphasis
(D) application
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此題考驗單字辨識與語意邏輯。大學提供獎學金的目的是為了「吸引」優秀學生,獎學金在此扮演的角色是「誘因」。
第 3 題
Since Diana is such an ______ speaker, she has won several medals for her school in national speech contests.
(A) authentic
(B) imperative
(C) eloquent
(D) optional
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本題考驗單字辨識與語意推斷。Diana 在全國演講比賽中贏得獎牌,這表示她是一位「口才流利」的演講者。
第 4 題
The candidate made energy ______ the central theme of his campaign, calling for a greater reduction in oil consumption.
(A) evolution
(B) conservation
(C) donation
(D) opposition
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此題考驗單字辨識與主題關聯性。競選活動的主題是為了「減少石油消耗」,這與「能源保育」有關。
第 5 題
Concerned about mudslides, the local government quickly ______ the villagers from their homes before the typhoon hit the mountain area.
(A) evacuated
(B) suffocated
(C) humiliated
(D) accommodated
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本題考驗單字辨識與語意邏輯。為了預防土石流,政府會將村民「疏散」到安全的地方。
第 6 題
______ difficult our mission is, we will make every effort to complete it.
(A) Whatever
(B) Whichever
(C) However
(D) Whenever
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此題考驗連接詞的使用。句子的結構是「______ 困難,我們仍會努力完成」,這需要一個表示讓步的副詞。
- (A) Whatever (無論什麼):通常後面接名詞或名詞片語,用來表示「無論何種情況」。
- (B) Whichever (無論哪一個):通常後面接名詞,用來表示「無論哪一個」。
第 7 題
______ had Jack taken off his shoes than Susan rushed in to grab him by the collar.
(A) Not until
(B) When
(C) Hardly
(D) No sooner
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這題考驗的是帶有「一...就...」語意的時間連接詞或副詞的用法,通常伴隨倒裝句。
- (A) Not until (直到...才):後面接時間點或時間片語,表示某事發生後,另一件事才發生。通常需要倒裝,但結構是 "Not until + time/clause + did/had + subject + verb..."。
- (B) When (當...的時候):連接兩個同時發生或前後發生的動作,不必然需要倒裝。
第 8 題
Even the post officer asked her not to order goods from the Internet because she lives in a ______ village.
(A) close
(B) remote
(C) removed
(D) nearly
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此題考驗單字辨識與語意推斷。郵局人員之所以建議她不要網購,可能是因為她住的地方交通不便或難以送達,即「偏僻」的村莊。
第 9 題
You should live within your income. Otherwise, you won't be able to earn enough money to ______.
(A) break the ice
(B) cut corners
(C) hunt for bargains
(D) make ends meet
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這題考驗片語辨識與語意邏輯。前半句「量入為出」 (live within your income) 說明了財務狀況,後半句「否則,你將無法賺取足夠的錢來______」需要一個與財務穩定相關的片語。
第 10 題
The new models of ______ hearts are expected to be set fully in the patient's chest.
(A) artificial
(B) synthetic
(C) counterfeit
(D) imitative
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此題考驗單字辨識與醫學情境。在醫療上,用於替換的器官通常稱為「人工」器官。
- (A) artificial (人造的,人工的):符合語境。人工心臟是醫療上常見的說法。
第 11 題
Food shortage is one of the main causes of ______ nutrition among children in developing ______.
(A) inadequate
(B) distinctive
(C) vigorous
(D) abundant
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本題為克漏字,需要填入形容詞來描述「兒童營養不良」的狀況。題目提到「食物短缺」,這直接導致「不足的」營養。
第 12 題
According to labor regulations, if employees are unable to work because of a serious disease, they are ______ to take an extended sick leave.
(A) adapted
(B) oriented
(C) entitled
(D) intimidated
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此題考驗單字辨識與法規情境。根據勞動法規,員工因病無法工作時,「有權利」獲得延長病假。
第 13 題
Susan's physician suggested that she undergo a brain surgery. But she decided to ask for a second ______ from another doctor.
(A) purpose
(B) statement
(C) excuse
(D) opinion
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本題考驗單字辨識與醫療情境。Susan 在接受手術建議後,決定尋求另一位醫生的「第二意見」。
第 14 題
Industrial waste must be cautiously handled, or it will ______ the public water supply.
(A) facilitate
(B) contaminate
(C) manipulate
(D) legitimate
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此題考驗單字辨識與環境保護情境。工業廢棄物若處理不當,會「污染」公共水源。
第 15 題
If you exercise regularly, you might feel more energetic, as your blood ______ will be improved.
(A) circulation
(B) tranquility
(C) fragrance
(D) fatigue
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本題考驗單字辨識與生理學知識。規律運動能改善身體的「血液循環」,讓人感覺更有活力。
第 16 題
People who buy lottery tickets either try to win a get wealth ______ intend to do some charities for the poor and the disabled.
(A) or
(B) neither
(C) and
(D) yet
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此題考驗連接詞的使用。句子描述買彩券的人,他們「要麼」想中大獎,「要麼」想做慈善。這是兩個並列的選擇。
第 17 題
______ the file had been checked twice, the senior manager found a mistake.
(A) Unless
(B) However
(C) Since
(D) Even though
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本題考驗連接詞的使用。句子描述「檔案已經檢查兩次」,但「總經理還是發現了錯誤」。這表示前後句之間是轉折或對比關係。
- (A) Unless (除非):表示條件,與語境不符。
- (B) However (然而):表示轉折,符合語境。
- (C) Since (自從,因為):表示時間或原因,與語境不符。
第 18 題
The Central Downtown ______ as the costliest place in the city to do business.
(A) often is referred
(B) is referred often to
(C) is often referred
(D) is often referred to
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核心觀念
本題考查:
- 被動語態的基本結構:
- 短語動詞 refer to 的被動用法
- 副詞 often 在被動語態中的位置
refer to A as B 表示「把 A 稱為/視為 B」。改成被動語態後,結構為:
因此,句意為:「市中心經常被稱為全市經商成本最高的地方。」
解題方法
句子的主詞為 The Central Downtown,視為單數,因此搭配 is。
主動句可還原為:
People often refer to the Central Downtown as the costliest place in the city to do business.
改為被動語態:
- 受詞 the Central Downtown 移至句首作主詞。
- 主詞為單數,使用 is。
- refer to 改為被動時,介系詞 to 必須保留。
- 副詞 often 通常放在 be 動詞之後、過去分詞之前。
句型如下:
所以正確句子為:
The Central Downtown is often referred to as the costliest place in the city to do business.
選項分析
- (A) often is referred
第 19 題
Harry is currently studying at a university ____ you must have heard, and he is doing extremely well. Every member in his family is very proud of him.
(A) which
(B) in which
(C) by which
(D) of which
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此題考驗關係代名詞的用法。句子描述 Harry 在一所大學讀書,而這所大學「你一定聽過」。這裡需要一個關係代名詞來連接 "university" 和 "you must have heard"。
- (A) which:可以引導關係代名詞子句,但後面通常接主詞+動詞 (you must have heard)。
- (B) in which:表示「在...之中」,通常後面接主詞+動詞。例如:the university in which he is studying (他正在讀的那所大學)。
- (C) by which:表示「藉由...」。
- (D) of which:表示「...的」。
第 20 題
As professors report that their students are more refreshed after the rest, the introduction of a spring break at the university proved surprisingly ______.
(A) abundant
(B) legible
(C) salutary
(D) accessible
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本題考驗單字辨識與語意推斷。教授們報告說學生們在休息後感覺更有活力,這表示春假是「有益的」。
第 二、1 題
Healthcare space is filling up fast with revolutionary technologies. Growing healthcare challenges, from the rise in chronic diseases to the ageing global population, limit the capabilities of hospitals, medical practitioners, and service providers to deliver quality healthcare services in order to improve patient outcomes. These challenges have led them to the doors of advanced technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence, machine learning, and data analytics. Among these, IoT has gained maximum attention of healthcare service providers.
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這是一段關於醫療領域與科技發展的英文翻譯題。翻譯時需注意專業術語的準確性以及句子的連貫性。
原文:
Healthcare space is filling up fast with revolutionary technologies. Growing healthcare challenges, from the rise in chronic diseases to the ageing global population, limit the capabilities of hospitals, medical practitioners, and service providers to deliver quality healthcare services in order to improve patient outcomes. These challenges have led them to the doors of advanced technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence, machine learning, and data analytics. Among these, IoT has gained maximum attention of healthcare service providers.
逐句翻譯與解釋:
-
Healthcare space is filling up fast with revolutionary technologies.
- "Healthcare space":醫療領域、醫療環境。
- "filling up fast":快速發展、迅速被佔據。
- "revolutionary technologies":革命性的科技。
- 翻譯: 醫療領域正迅速地被革命性科技所佔據(或:醫療領域正快速發展,融入革命性科技)。
-
Growing healthcare challenges, from the rise in chronic diseases to the ageing global population, limit the capabilities of hospitals, medical practitioners, and service providers to deliver quality healthcare services in order to improve patient outcomes.
- "Growing healthcare challenges":日益嚴峻的醫療挑戰。
- "from the rise in chronic diseases to the ageing global population":從慢性疾病的增加到全球人口老化。這是一個範圍的說明。
- "limit the capabilities":限制了...的能力。
第 二、2 題
The ambition of precision medicine is to design and optimize the pathway for diagnosis, therapeutic intervention, and prognosis by using large multidimensional biological datasets that capture individual variability in genes, function and environment. This offers clinicians the opportunity to more carefully tailor early interventions—whether treatment or preventative in nature—to each individual patient. Taking advantage of high performance computer capabilities, artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms can now achieve reasonable success in predicting risk in certain cancers and cardiovascular disease from available multidimensional clinical and biological data.
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這段翻譯題涉及精準醫療、生物數據、臨床應用等專業概念。翻譯時需掌握學術用語的精確性。
原文:
The ambition of precision medicine is to design and optimize the pathway for diagnosis, therapeutic intervention, and prognosis by using large multidimensional biological datasets that capture individual variability in genes, function and environment. This offers clinicians the opportunity to more carefully tailor early interventions—whether treatment or preventative in nature—to each individual patient. Taking advantage of high performance computer capabilities, artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms can now achieve reasonable success in predicting risk in certain cancers and cardiovascular disease from available multidimensional clinical and biological data.
逐句翻譯與解釋:
- The ambition of precision medicine is to design and optimize the pathway for diagnosis, therapeutic intervention, and prognosis by using large multidimensional biological datasets that capture individual variability in genes, function and environment.
- "The ambition of precision medicine":精準醫療的目標(或:抱負、宗旨)。
- "design and optimize the pathway":設計並優化...的途徑(或:流程、路徑)。
- "diagnosis, therapeutic intervention, and prognosis":診斷、治療介入、預後。
- "by using large multidimensional biological datasets":透過使用大型多維度生物數據集。
- "that capture individual variability":這些數據集能夠捕捉個體的變異性。
- "in genes, function and environment":在基因、功能和環境方面。
- 翻譯: 精準醫療的目標是透過使用大型多維度生物數據集,這些數據集捕捉了基因、功能和環境方面的個體變異性,來設計並優化診斷、治療介入和預後的途徑。
第 二、3 題
Physicians rely increasingly on a wide array of laboratory tests to solve clinical problems. However, laboratory data do not relieve the physician from the responsibility of carefully observing the patient. It is essential to appreciate the limitations of diagnostic tests. They often gain an aura of certainty regardless of the fallibility of the tests themselves, the instruments used in the tests, and the individuals performing the tests. Physicians must weigh the expense involved in laboratory procedures against the value of the information these procedures are likely to provide.
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此翻譯題探討實驗室檢測在臨床診斷中的角色與限制。翻譯時需精確表達醫學專業術語及作者的觀點。
原文:
Physicians rely increasingly on a wide array of laboratory tests to solve clinical problems. However, laboratory data do not relieve the physician from the responsibility of carefully observing the patient. It is essential to appreciate the limitations of diagnostic tests. They often gain an aura of certainty regardless of the fallibility of the tests themselves, the instruments used in the tests, and the individuals performing the tests. Physicians must weigh the expense involved in laboratory procedures against the value of the information these procedures are likely to provide.
逐句翻譯與解釋:
-
Physicians rely increasingly on a wide array of laboratory tests to solve clinical problems.
- "Physicians rely increasingly on":醫師越來越依賴。
- "a wide array of laboratory tests":各式各樣的實驗室檢測。
- "to solve clinical problems":來解決臨床問題。
- 翻譯: 醫師們越來越依賴各式各樣的實驗室檢測來解決臨床問題。
-
However, laboratory data do not relieve the physician from the responsibility of carefully observing the patient.
- "However":然而。
- "laboratory data":實驗室數據。
- "do not relieve...from the responsibility":並不能免除...的責任。
- "carefully observing the patient":仔細觀察病患。
- 翻譯: 然而,實驗室數據並不能免除醫師仔細觀察病患的責任。
-
It is essential to appreciate the limitations of diagnostic tests.
第 二、4 題
The applications of X-ray imaging in the medical field are manifold and have led to dedicated modalities supporting specific imaging requirements, for example in computed tomography (CT), radiography, angiography, surgery or mammography, delivering projection or volumetric imaging data. Depending on the clinical needs, some X-ray systems enable diagnostic imaging while others support interventional procedures.
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這段翻譯題主要探討 X 光影像在醫學領域的應用。翻譯時需掌握影像學的專業術語。
原文:
The applications of X-ray imaging in the medical field are manifold and have led to dedicated modalities supporting specific imaging requirements, for example in computed tomography (CT), radiography, angiography, surgery or mammography, delivering projection or volumetric imaging data. Depending on the clinical needs, some X-ray systems enable diagnostic imaging while others support interventional procedures.
逐句翻譯與解釋:
- The applications of X-ray imaging in the medical field are manifold and have led to dedicated modalities supporting specific imaging requirements, for example in computed tomography (CT), radiography, angiography, surgery or mammography, delivering projection or volumetric imaging data.
- "The applications of X-ray imaging in the medical field":X 光影像在醫學領域的應用。
- "are manifold":是多方面的、多樣的。
- "and have led to dedicated modalities":並催生了專門的(或:特定的)成像模式(或:技術)。