108 年 國立中央警察大學外事警察研究所外事組《專業英文》

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第 一、Vocabulary and Phrases (20%) 題

一、Vocabulary and Phrases (20%)

  1. Incapacitation
  2. Incident-driven Policing
  3. Crime Displacement
  4. White Collar Crime
  5. Criminal Justice
  6. Restorative Justice
  7. Precursor Chemical
  8. Financial Action Task Force
  9. Treaty on Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters
  10. U.N. Convention against Transnational Organized Crime

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這一題的完整詳解

本大題為單字與片語的辨識與理解,旨在測驗考生對犯罪學、法律、國際組織等相關領域的專業詞彙是否熟悉。考生需具備一定的英文詞彙量,並理解這些詞彙在專業語境下的含義。

  1. Incapacitation: 意指剝奪犯罪者的能力、機會或意願去犯罪。在刑事司法中,通常指透過監禁或監管來限制其自由,使其無法再犯。
  2. Incident-driven Policing: 指一種警務策略,強調對特定事件(如報案、投訴)做出反應,而非主動預防或社區警務。
  3. Crime Displacement: 指犯罪行為在警方加強執法後,並未減少,而是轉移到其他地區、時間或形式。
  4. White Collar Crime: 指由具有較高社會地位和權力的人士,利用其職位或專業知識所犯下的非暴力犯罪,通常涉及欺詐、貪污等。
  5. Criminal Justice: 指處理犯罪及犯罪者的體系,包括執法、司法審判、監獄管理等。
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第 二、Translation (30%) 題

二、Translation (30%)

  1. By 2030, the criminal landscape will change U.S. and European
    society as the more virulent and diversified transnational crime
    rapidly takes the place of the more familiar street crimes.
    Transnational crime's structure and form is adapted to maximize
    exploitation of the new world order of global trade, finance, travel,
    and communication. Transnational crime's explosive growth
    destabilizes emerging states, while corrupting institutions and
    infrastructure worldwide. Modern-day transnational crime is neither a
    logical extension of traditional organized crime nor street crime;
    rather, it is the product of two historical tipping points: the collapse of
    the Soviet Union and 9/11.
  2. Today's illicit global economy involves trading in anything from
    hazardous waste to human body parts and the Internet has multiplied
    opportunities for fraud. Faced with the task of controlling organized
    crime in a world where opportunities are proliferating, governments
    might do better to limit the field of battle by replacing international
    drug prohibition policies with more pragmatic regulatory policies,
    aimed at taking the profit out of trafficking.
  3. 外交及領事豁免分別是在1961 的維也納外交關係公約及1963的
    維也納領事關係公約規範,這兩項公約所給予的豁免分成四類:
    人身不可侵犯、刑事豁免、民事豁免、以及豁免被要求在刑事或
    民事訴訟中作證。

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這一題的完整詳解

本大題為翻譯題,包含英文翻中及中翻英,旨在測驗考生對專業領域(犯罪學、國際法、政治經濟)的詞彙、語法及邏輯的掌握能力,以及將專業概念準確轉換成另一語言的能力。

第一部分:英文翻中

原文 1:
By 2030, the criminal landscape will change U.S. and European society as the more virulent and diversified transnational crime rapidly takes the place of the more familiar street crimes. Transnational crime's structure and form is adapted to maximize exploitation of the new world order of global trade, finance, travel, and communication. Transnational crime's explosive growth destabilizes emerging states, while corrupting institutions and infrastructure worldwide. Modern-day transnational crime is neither a logical extension of traditional organized crime nor street crime; rather, it is the product of two historical tipping points: the collapse of the Soviet Union and 9/11.

翻譯:
到了 2030 年,犯罪格局將改變美國和歐洲社會,因為更具危害性且更多元化的跨國犯罪正迅速取代較為熟悉的街頭犯罪。跨國犯罪的結構與形式已適應全球貿易、金融、旅遊和通訊的新世界秩序,以實現最大程度的剝削。跨國犯罪的爆炸性成長破壞了新興國家的穩定,同時腐蝕了全球的機構和基礎設施。現代跨國犯罪既非傳統有組織犯罪或街頭犯罪的邏輯延伸;相反地,它是兩個歷史性轉折點的產物:蘇聯的解體和 9/11 事件。

解題說明:

  • criminal landscape: 翻譯為「犯罪格局」較為貼切,指犯罪的總體樣貌與趨勢。
  • virulent: 此處指「危害性強的」、「惡性的」,可用「具危害性」或「惡性的」。
  • diversified: 翻譯為「多元化的」。
  • transnational crime: 跨國犯罪。
  • takes the place of: 取代。
  • familiar street crimes: 較為熟悉的街頭犯罪。
  • adapted to maximize exploitation: 翻譯為「適應…以實現最大程度的剝削」或「為了最大程度地剝削…而適應」。
  • new world order: 新世界秩序,指全球政治經濟格局的變動。
  • explosive growth: 爆炸性成長。
  • destabilizes emerging states: 破壞新興國家的穩定。
  • corrupting institutions and infrastructure: 腐蝕機構和基礎設施。
  • logical extension: 邏輯延伸。
  • traditional organized crime: 傳統有組織犯罪。
  • tipping points: 轉折點、臨界點。
  • the collapse of the Soviet Union and 9/11: 蘇聯解體和 9/11 事件。

原文 2:
Today's illicit global economy involves trading in anything from hazardous waste to human body parts and the Internet has multiplied opportunities for fraud. Faced with the task of controlling organized crime in a world where opportunities are proliferating, governments might do better to limit the field of battle by re

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第 三、Reading Comprehension (20%) 題

三、Reading Comprehension (20%)
The global recording industry has launched its largest wave of legal
1 against people suspected of sharing music files on the internet.
The latest move by the International Federation of the Phonographic
Industry (IFPI) 2 2,100 alleged uploaders using peer-to-peer (P2P)
networks in 16 nations 3 the UK, France, Germany and Italy.
Thousands of people have agreed to pay 4 since the campaign began.
In the US, civil lawsuits have been brought against more than 15,597
people 5 September 2003 and there have been 3,590 settlements.
"This is a significant escalation of our enforcement actions against
people who are uploading and distributing 6 music on P2P
networks," said IFPI chief John Kennedy. "Thousands of people - mostly
internet-savvy men in their 20s or 30s - have learnt to their 7 the
legal and financial risks involved in file-sharing copyrighted music in
large quantities." Individual cases are generally brought by the national
associations
8 the recording industry, and in some cases by the
labels, as civil complaints. The UK record industry has so far brought 97
cases, with a 965 covered by the latest action. More than 140,000 in
compensation has been paid to the British Phonographic Industry by 71
individuals. Those who 10 to resolve cases face civil court action.

  1. (A) action
    (B) activity
    (C) acting
    (D) acts
  2. (A) aimed
    (B) targeted
    (C) directed
    (D) pointed
  3. (A) such
    (B) with
    (C) including
    (D) throughout
  4. (A) fine
    (B) penalty
    (C) ticket
    (D) compensation
  5. (A) during
    (B) throughout
    (C) since
    (D) in
  6. (A) illegal
    (B) registered
    (C) trademark
    (D) copyrighted
  7. (A) benefit
    (B) charge
    (C) cost
    (D) fortune
  8. (A) for
    (B) working
    (C) inside
    (D) representing
  9. (A) newly
    (B) addition
    (C) further
    (D) another
  10. (A) intend
    (B) wish
    (C) don't
    (D) fail

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題是「篇章式克漏字」,主要考查:

  • 固定搭配與慣用語:如 legal action、learn to one’s cost、fail to V
  • 動詞與受詞的搭配:如 target someone、represent an industry
  • 介系詞與時態:如 since + 過去時間點 搭配現在完成式
  • 語意判斷:依據上下文判斷法律行動、賠償與著作權侵權等語境

全文描述唱片業對非法分享音樂檔案者採取法律行動,因此解題時必須同時掌握文法、固定搭配與文章主旨。


解題方法

逐格判斷時,依序採取三個步驟:

  1. 先觀察空格前後的詞性需求。
  2. 再檢查固定搭配是否自然。
  3. 最後以全文語意確認答案是否符合「著作權侵權與法律追訴」的主題。

完整填入後的文章如下:

The global recording industry has launched its largest wave of legal action against people suspected of sharing music files on the internet. The latest move by the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI) targeted 2,100 alleged uploaders using peer-to-peer (P2P) networks in 16 nations including the UK, France, Germany and Italy. Thousands of people have agreed to pay compensation since the campaign began. In the US, civil lawsuits have been brought against more than 15,597 people since September 2003 and there have been 3,590 settlements.

This is a significant escalation of our enforcement actions against people who are uploading and distributing copyrighted music on P2P networks,” said IFPI chief John Kennedy. “Thousands of people ... have learnt to their cost the legal and financial risks involved in file-sharing copyrighted music in large quantities.” Individual cases are generally brought by the national associations representing the recording industry, and in some cases by the labels, as civil complaints. The UK record industry has so far brought 97 cases, with a further 965 covered by the latest action. More than 140,000 in compensation has been paid to the British Phonographic Industry by 71 individuals. Those who fail to resolve cases face civil court action.


各題詳解與選項分析

第 1 題:答案為 (A) action

原句:

launched its largest wave of legal ___

legal action 是固定搭配,意思是「法律行動、法律訴訟」。a wave of legal action 表示「一波法律行動」。

  • (A) action:正確。legal action 為固定用語,且 action 在此作不可數名詞。
  • (B) activity:legal activity 可表示「法律活動」,但不符合本文唱片業對侵權者採取訴訟行動的語意;wave of legal activity 也不自然。
  • (C) acting:acting 是動名詞或形容詞,不能自然構成 legal acting。
  • (D) acts:acts 是複數名詞或第三人稱單數動詞;legal acts 可指法律行為,但 a wave of legal acts 不符合此處固定搭配與語境。

第 2 題:答案為 (B) targeted

原句:

The latest move ... ___ 2,100 alleged uploaders

主詞是 The latest move,後面需要一個過去式及物動詞,表示「這項最新行動鎖定了 2,100 名涉嫌上傳者」。

target A 表示「以 A 為目標、鎖定 A」。

  • (A) aimed:aim 通常搭配 at,應為 aimed at 2,100 alleged uploaders,不能直接接受詞。
  • (B) targeted:正確。targeted + 人 表示「鎖定某人」。
  • (C) directed:通常說 directed at 或 directed toward,不能直接以此結構表達「鎖定某人」。
  • (D) pointed:通常搭配 pointed at,且多用於指向具體方向或物體;此處不合語意。

第 3 題:答案為 (C) including

原句:

in 16 nations ___ the UK, France, Germany and Italy

此處列出 16 個國家中的部分國家,因此使用 including,表示「包括……在內」。

  • (A) such:通常需與 as 連用,形成 such as;單獨放在此處不完整。
  • (B) with:表示「和、帶有」,但 in 16 nations with the UK... 無法清楚表達列舉關係。
  • (C) including:正確。表示 16 個國家包括英國、法國、德國與義大利。
  • (D) throughout:表示「遍及、貫穿」,如 throughout the country;此處是列舉國家,不是表達遍及各國。

第 4 題:答案為 (D) compensation

原句:

Thousands of people have agreed to pay ___ since the campaign began.

文章後文提到:

More than 140,000 in compensation has been paid ...

可知這些人同意支付的是「賠償金」。pay compensation 是常見搭配,表示「支付賠償」。

  • (A) fine:pay a fine 表示「繳交罰款」,通常需要冠詞 a;本文談的是民事訴訟和和解賠償,不是刑事罰款。
  • (B) penalty:pay a penalty 可表示支付處罰金,但同樣需要冠詞,且不如 compensation 符合民事損害賠償的語境。
  • (C) ticket:pay a ticket 不合一般英語用法;通常說 pay a fine for a ticket。
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第 四、Essay (30%) 題

四、Essay (30%)
Write an essay on the topic: Combatting Drug Crime
The connection between drug use and crime has received a great
deal of attention. A simple inspection of data reveals a strong correlation
between drugs and crime. Please describe your opinion about the strategy
against drug crime.

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這一題的完整詳解

本大題為英文寫作題,要求考生就「打擊毒品犯罪」(Combatting Drug Crime) 這一主題,闡述個人觀點。這旨在測驗考生的英文寫作能力,包括組織架構、論點清晰度、詞彙運用、語法正確性以及對特定議題的分析與論述能力。

寫作要求與評分重點:

  1. 主題明確 (Topic Clarity):文章必須圍繞「打擊毒品犯罪」展開。
  2. 論點清晰 (Argument Clarity):提出明確的觀點,並有充分的論據支持。
  3. 結構完整 (Structural Coherence):包含引言 (Introduction)、主體段落 (Body Paragraphs) 和結論 (Conclusion)。
  4. 語言表達 (Language Proficiency):使用準確的詞彙,流暢的語法,適當的連接詞。
  5. 分析深度 (Analytical Depth):能探討毒品犯罪的成因、影響,並提出具體可行的策略。

寫作策略建議:

  1. 引言 (Introduction):

    • 點出毒品犯罪與一般犯罪之間強烈的關聯性(如題目所提示)。
    • 簡述毒品犯罪的嚴重性及其對社會的危害。
    • 提出本文將要探討的觀點或策略。
  2. 主體段落 (Body Paragraphs):

    • 段落一:分析毒品犯罪的成因與影響。
      • 毒品成癮導致的經濟壓力,迫使人們犯罪以獲取毒資。
      • 毒品交易本身帶來的暴力、組織犯罪等問題。
      • 毒品對個人身心健康、家庭的破壞。
      • 對社會公共安全、醫療體系的負擔。
    • 段落二:探討現有的打擊策略及其優缺點。
      • 嚴厲執法與監禁 (Law Enforcement and Incarceration):
        • 優點:能暫時遏制犯罪,威懾潛在犯罪者。
        • 缺點:成本高昂,監獄飽和,難以根除根本原因(成癮),可能導致「毒品戰爭」的負面循環,如暴力升級、監獄產業化。
      • 預防與教育 (Prevention and Education):
        • 優點:從源頭減少需求,提高公眾意識,特別是針對青少年。
        • 缺點:效果較為長期,難以立即見效,需持續投入。
      • 治療與復健 (Treatment and Rehabilitation):
        • 優點:針對成癮者,幫助其戒毒,回歸社會,減少再犯。
        • 缺點:資源有限,部分成癮者難以戒除。
      • 減少傷害策略 (Harm Reduction Strategies):
        • 優點:例如針具交換計畫、藥物輔助治療,旨在降低毒品使用帶來的直接危害(如疾病傳播、過量死亡),重點是降低危害而非完全禁止。
        • 缺點:可能被視為對毒品使用的「默許」,存在爭議。
    • 段落三:提出個人建議的綜合策略。
      • 強調「綜合性」與「多面向」的重要性,單一策略不足以解決問題。
      • 建議結合嚴厲執法(針對毒品販運、組織犯罪),與重視預防、教育、治療和復健。
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其他考古題

108 年中央警察大學的其他科目

中央警察大學《專業英文》其他年度