109 年 國立中央警察大學外事警察研究所外事組《專業英文》
第 一、Vocabulary and Phrases 題20 分
一、Vocabulary and Phrases: (20 分)
- 隔離檢疫
- 緩刑
- 外交豁免
- 電子監控
- 旅行禁令
- modus operandi
- unaccounted-for migrant worker
- contraband
- power of attorney
- phishing scam
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此大題為單字與片語的翻譯與辨識,主要在測試考生對專業領域相關詞彙的熟悉度。
- 隔離檢疫: quarantine
- 緩刑: suspended sentence
- 外交豁免: diplomatic immunity
- 電子監控: electronic surveillance
- 旅行禁令: travel ban
- modus operandi: 這是拉丁文,意為「運作方式」或「慣用手法」,在犯罪學、法律及商業上常被使用。
第 二、Translation (一) 題15 分
二、Translation: (30 分)
(一) 英翻中 (15 分)
With the deregulation of telecommunications and the Internet
services and a great diversity of global financial activities, fraud
rings are becoming more sophisticated in evading detection
within their countries by converting to transnational, multi-
continent heists.
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此題為英文翻譯成中文,旨在測試考生理解複雜英文句子結構及專業術語的能力。
核心觀念: 掌握句子的主語、動詞、受詞,以及各種修飾語(片語、分詞構句)的功能,並將其準確轉換為通順的中文。
解題步驟:
- 識別主幹: 句子的主語是 "fraud rings" (詐騙集團),動詞是 "are becoming" (正變得),受詞是 "more sophisticated" (更為複雜、精明)。
- 分析修飾語:
- "With the deregulation of telecommunications and the Internet services and a great diversity of global financial activities":這是介系詞片語,說明詐騙集團變得更精明的背景或原因。
- "deregulation": 鬆綁管制、解除管制
- "telecommunications and the Internet services": 電信與網際網路服務
- "a great diversity of global financial activities": 各式各樣的全球金融活動
- "With the deregulation of telecommunications and the Internet services and a great diversity of global financial activities":這是介系詞片語,說明詐騙集團變得更精明的背景或原因。
第 二、Translation (二) 題15 分
(二) 中翻英 (15 分)
警政署除於多國派駐警察聯絡官,亦與美國、亞太、非洲、
拉丁美洲及加勒比海等地區國家簽訂共同打擊犯罪及司法互
助協定,以強化跨境情資交流與執法合作效能。
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核心觀念
本題考查中翻英的長句拆解、外交與警政專業詞彙,以及「除……亦……」與「以……」的句型轉換。
主要句型如下:
- 「除 A 外,亦 B」:In addition to A, S also B
- 「與……簽訂協定」:sign/conclude agreements with ...
- 「共同打擊犯罪」:jointly combat crime
- 「司法互助」:mutual legal assistance
- 「以……」:to .../in order to .../thereby ...-ing
翻譯時須注意「美國」是國家;「亞太、非洲、拉丁美洲及加勒比海」是地區,因此英文應分別處理。
解題方法
1. 找出主幹
原句主幹為:
警政署除於多國派駐警察聯絡官,亦與各地國家簽訂協定。
主詞是「警政署」,可譯為 the National Police Agency。
「除……亦……」表示兩項並列措施,可使用:
In addition to ..., the National Police Agency also ...
2. 處理第一項措施
「於多國派駐警察聯絡官」可拆為:
- 於多國:in multiple countries
- 派駐:station/post
- 警察聯絡官:police liaison officers
其中 police liaison officer 是「警察聯絡官」的固定搭配;因為派駐於多國,通常使用複數 officers。
可譯為:
stationing police liaison officers in multiple countries
置於 In addition to 後面時,動詞須使用動名詞:
In addition to stationing ...
3. 處理第二項措施
「與……簽訂……協定」可譯為:
sign agreements with ...
「共同打擊犯罪及司法互助協定」可處理為:
agreements on jointly combating crime and mutual legal assistance
其中:
- combat crime:打擊犯罪
- jointly combat crime:共同打擊犯罪
- mutual legal assistance:司法互助
mutual legal assistance 是國際刑事司法合作中的慣用術語,不宜直譯為 legal help。
4. 正確排列國家與地區
原文列出:
- 美國
- 亞太地區國家
- 非洲地區國家
- 拉丁美洲地區國家
- 加勒比海地區國家
英文應寫成:
the United States and countries in the Asia-Pacific, Africa, Latin America, and the Caribbean
如此可清楚表達「美國」是單獨列出的國家,其餘是各地區的國家。
5. 處理目的結果
「以強化跨境情資交流與執法合作效能」可譯為:
to enhance the effectiveness of cross-border intelligence exchange and law-enforcement cooperation
也可用分詞結構:
thereby strengthening the effectiveness of cross-border intelligence exchange and law-enforcement cooperation
若前文已使用完整主要動詞,使用 thereby strengthening 能自然表達「藉此強化……」的結果關係。
參考譯文
In addition to stationing police liaison officers in multiple countries, the National Police Agency has also signed agreements with the United States and countries in the Asia-Pacific, Africa, Latin America, and the Caribbean on jointly combating crime and mutual legal assistance, thereby strengthening the effectiveness of cross-border intelligence exchange and law-enforcement c
第 三、Reading Comprehension 題20 分
三、Reading Comprehension (20 分)
Every culture prescribes certain occasions and ceremonies for
giving gifts, whether for personal or professional reasons. Japanese gift-
giving rituals show how tremendously important these acts are in that
culture, where the wrapping of a gift is as important (if not more so)
than the gift itself. The economic value of a gift is 1 to its
symbolic meaning. To the Japanese, gifts are viewed as an important
aspect of one's duty to others in one's social group. Giving is a moral
2
(known as giri). Highly ritualized gift-giving occurs during
the giving of both household/personal gifts and company/professional
gifts. Each Japanese has a well-defined set of relatives and friends with
which he or she shares
gift-giving obligations (kosai).
3
Personal gifts are given on social occasions, such as at funerals, to
people who are hospitalized, to mark
4
from one life stage to
another (e.g., weddings, birthdays), and as greetings (e.g., when one
meets a visitor). Company gifts are given to commemorate the
anniversary of a corporation's founding, the opening of a new building,
or when new products are announced. In keeping with the Japanese
emphasis on
5
presents are not opened in front of the giver so
that it will not be necessary to hide one's possible disappointment with
the present.
-
(A) legendary (B) primary (C) secondary (D) satisfactory
-
(A) victory (B) dilemma (C) imperative (D) encouragement
-
(A) intentional (B) financial (C) overwhelming (D) reciprocal
-
(A) movements (B) assignments (C) compliments (D) establishments
-
(A) earning money (B) keeping time (C) saving face (D) showing pride
-
PETA (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals) believes that
animals deserve the most basic rights— consideration of their own
best interests regardless of whether they are useful to humans.
(A) To PETA, animals' right is based on how much they can
contribute to humans.
(B) To PETA, animals have their basic rights since humans need
them.
(C) To PETA, animals should have their basic rights without regard
to their contribution to humans.
(D) To PETA, animals should not have their basic rights since they
are of no use to humans. -
In North America, the first year of resident hospital training has been
known as an internship, but it is no longer distinguished in most
hospitals from the total postgraduate period, called residency.
(A) In North America, internship refers to the first year of resident
hospital training. However, in most hospitals, internship is not
considered part of the total postgraduate period, called residency.
(B) In North America, the medical student is required to spend one
year in the hospital to get on-site training as an intern, but in
most hospitals this internship is not as important as the total
postgraduate period, called residency.
(C) In North America, one year of resident hospital work is required
of all medical students, which is also known as internship, but in
most hospitals this internship is usually included in the total
postgraduate period, called residency.
(D) In North America, during the postgraduate period, called
residency, a medical student gets on-site medical training in the
hospital for one year. This period is also known as internship. -
His intention has not been so much to paint pictures that charm the
eye as to suggest great thoughts that will appeal to the imagination.
(A) He intends to paint pictures that charm the eye better than to
suggest great thoughts that will appeal to the imagination.
(B) He intends to suggest great thoughts that will appeal to the
imagination than to paint pictures that charm the eye.
(C) He intends neither to paint pictures that charm the eye nor to
suggest great thoughts that will appeal to the imagination.
(D) He does not intend to paint pictures so much. -
We cannot thank him too much for what he has done for us.
(A) We don't need to thank him too much for what he has done for us.
(B) We have already thanked him too much for what he has done for
us.
(C) No matter how much we thank him is not enough for what he has
done for us.
(D) We cannot thank him anyway for what he has done for us. -
The really top fashion houses are few and far between unless you
go abroad.
(A) The really top fashion houses lie at the far place abroad.
(B) The really top fashion houses are between a few houses when
you go abroad.
(C) There are not a few really top fashion houses here unless you
go abroad.
(D) The really top fashion houses are rare here unless you go
abroad.
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此大題包含兩篇閱讀測驗,第一篇為克漏字題,第二篇為 PETA 觀點題,接著是三段關於北美醫學訓練、藝術家意圖、以及兩個英文句子改寫的題目。主要測試考生對文章的理解、詞彙填空、邏輯判斷及句子改寫的能力。
第一部分:克漏字填空 (1-5題)
文章核心: 探討日本的送禮文化,強調其儀式性、社會責任以及與情感表達的關係。
-
The economic value of a gift is ______ to its symbolic meaning.
- 關鍵字: "economic value" (經濟價值) vs "symbolic meaning" (象徵意義)。文章提到日本送禮文化中,包裝本身可能比禮物本身更重要,顯示其象徵意義極為突出。因此,經濟價值相較於象徵意義,可能處於次要地位。
- 選項分析:
- (A) legendary (傳奇的) - 不符語意。
- (B) primary (主要的) - 與後文「象徵意義」相對,經濟價值通常不是主要的。
- (C) secondary (次要的) - 符合語意,經濟價值通常是次於象徵意義的。
- (D) satisfactory (令人滿意的) - 語意不符。
- 答案: (C) secondary
-
Giving is a moral ______ (known as giri).
- 關鍵字: "moral" (道德的) 和 "(known as giri)"。Giri 是日文,在送禮文化中代表一種社會義務或責任。
- 選項分析:
- (A) victory (勝利) - 不符語意。
- (B) dilemma (困境) - 不符語意。
- (C) imperative (必須;命令;緊迫的事) - 這裡當名詞用,指「必須做的事」,符合「道德義務」或「責任」的語意。
- (D) encouragement (鼓勵) - 不符語意。
- 答案: (C) imperative (此字在此處可解釋為一種道德上的「必須」或「義務」)
-
Each Japanese has a well-defined set of relatives and friends with which he or she shares ______ gift-giving obligations (kosai).
- 關鍵字: "gift-giving obligations (kosai)"。Kosai 是另一日文詞彙,指與親友間的送禮義務。這種義務是雙向的,需要回應。
- 選項分析:
- (A) intentional (故意的) - 不符語意。
- (B) financial (財務的) - 雖然送禮有經濟層面,但這裡強調的是「義務」的性質。
- (C) overwhelming (壓倒性的) - 語意過強,不一定是指「壓倒性」的義務。
- (D) reciprocal (相互的;回報的) - 符合「義務」的性質,送禮通常是相互的,需要回報。
- 答案: (D) reciprocal
-
Personal gifts are given on social occasions, such as at funerals, to people who are hospitalized, to mark ______ from one life stage to another (e.g., weddings, birthdays), and as greetings (e.g., when one meets a visitor).
- 關鍵字: "from one life stage to another" (從一個人生階段到另一個人生階段)。這個空格描述的是送禮的時機或目的,用來標記人生的重大轉變。
- 選項分析:
- (A) movements (移動;變動) - 語意較廣泛,但可以指階段的轉換。
- (B) assignments (任務;指派) - 不符語意。
- (C) compliments (讚美) - 不符語意。
- (D) establishments (建立;機構) - 不符語意。
- 分析: "Mark a transition from one life stage to another" 是常見的用法。這裡填入表示「轉換」、「變遷」的詞。雖然 (A) movements 勉強可以,但更常見的用法是 transition。在選項中,(A) movements 最接近表示「轉換」或「變遷」的意思。
- 答案: (A) movements (此處填入 movements,雖然 transition 更為精確,但在選項中 movements 是最能表達「階段轉換」的詞)
-
In keeping with the Japanese emphasis on ______ presents are not opened in front of the giver so that it will not be necessary to hide one's possible disappointment with the present.
- 關鍵字: "presents are not opened in front of the giver" (禮物不會在送禮者面前打開),以及「避免掩飾失望」。這反映了日本人注重面子和避免讓對方難堪的文化。
- 選項分析:
- (A) earning money (賺錢) - 不符語意。
- (B) keeping time (準時) - 不符語意。
- (C) saving face (保留顏面;顧及面子) - 完全符合語意,不當面拆禮物是為了避免對方(送禮者)尷尬或難堪。
- (D) showing pride (展現驕傲) - 不符語意。
- 答案: (C) saving face
第二部分:閱讀理解 (6-10題)
-
PETA (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals) believes that animals deserve the most basic rights— consideration of their own best interests regardless of whether they are useful to humans.
- 題目: 根據 PETA 的觀點,下列何者正確?
- 關鍵句: "animals deserve the most basic rights— consideration of their own best interests regardless of whether they are useful to humans." (動物應享有最基本的權利——考量牠們自身的最佳利益,無論牠們對人類是否有用。)
- 選項分析:
- (A) To PETA, animals' right is based on how much they can contribute to humans. (PETA 認為動物的權利取決於牠們能為人類貢獻多少。) - 與原文「regardless of whether they are useful to humans」相悖。
- (B) To PETA, animals have their basic rights since humans need them. (PETA 認為動物享有基本權利,因為人類需要牠們。) - 與原文無關。
- (C) To PETA, animals should have their basic rights without regard to their contribution to humans. (PETA 認為動物應享有基本權利,不必考慮牠們對人類的貢獻。) - 完全符合原文「regardless of whether they are useful to humans」。
- (D) To PETA, animals should not have their basic rights since they are of no use to humans. (PETA 認為動物不應享有基本權利,因為牠們對人類沒有用。) - 與原文立場完全相反。
- 答案: (C)
-
In North America, the first year of resident hospital training has been known as an internship, but it is no longer distinguished in most hospitals from the total postgraduate period, called residency.
- 題目: 根據這段關於北美醫學訓練的敘述,下列何者正確?
第 四、Essay 題30 分
四、Essay (30 分)
請依下列情境,寫一篇英文講稿。文長約 300 字。
You are invited to give a talk (speech) to a group of American high
school students, and the topic of your talk is--The Police Community
Relation. Write out the speech here by using approximately 300 words.
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此大題為英文寫作題,要求考生針對「警察社區關係」(Police Community Relation) 這個主題,以英文撰寫一篇約 300 字的演講稿,對象為美國高中生。這主要測試考生的英文寫作能力、論述組織能力、以及對特定主題的理解與表達能力。
核心觀念:
- 主題掌握: 清楚定義並闡述「警察社區關係」的意義與重要性。
- 聽眾考量: 演講對象是美國高中生,語言應清晰、易懂,避免過於學術或專業的術語,可適時加入與他們生活相關的例子。
- 結構完整: 演講稿應包含開頭(問候、介紹主題)、主體(闡述重點、舉例、分析)和結尾(總結、呼籲、感謝)。
- 字數要求: 約 300 字,需在篇幅內有效傳達訊息。
- 文法與用詞: 確保文法正確、用詞恰當、表達流暢。
解題步驟與寫作架構建議:
-
開頭 (Introduction)
- 問候與感謝: 感謝邀請,向聽眾問好 (e.g., "Good morning/afternoon, everyone. Thank you for having me here today. It's a pleasure to speak with you all.")。
- 介紹主題: 點明演講主題 (e.g., "Today, I'd like to talk about a topic that is crucial for our society: Police Community Relations.")。
- 點出重要性: 簡述為何這個主題對他們(高中生)或社會很重要 (e.g., "Understanding the relationship between law enforcement and the communities they serve is vital for building trust and ensuring safety for everyone.")。
-
主體 (Body Paragraphs)
- 定義與解釋: 什麼是「警察社區關係」?(e.g., It's about how police officers and community members interact, build trust, and work together.) 強調這是一種雙向關係。
- 為何重要:
- 建立信任 (Building Trust): 信任是有效執法的基礎。當社區信任警察,人們更願意提供線索、配合調查,從而預防和偵破犯罪。(e.g., "Trust is the foundation of effective policing. When people trust their police, they are more likely to report suspicious activities, cooperate with investigations, and feel safer.")
- 提升安全 (Enhancing Safety): 良好的警民關係有助於社區安全。警察了解社區需求,社區也支持警察工作,共同維護治安。(e.g., "Strong community relations mean safer neighborhoods. When police understand the community's concerns and when the community supports the police, we can work together to prevent crime and resolve issues effectively.")
- 解決問題 (Problem Solving): 警察不只是執法者,更是社區的一份子。透過合作,可以共同找出解決社區問題的方法,例如青少年犯罪、毒品問題等。(e.g., "Police are not just law enforcers; they are part of the community. By working together, we can address local problems, from juvenile delinquency to drug issues, more effectively.")
- 如何實踐 (How to Foster): 提出具體方法。
- 社區警政 (Community Policing): 鼓勵警察走入社區,參與社區活動,與居民建立聯繫 (e.g., "One key approach is community policing, where officers actively engage with residents, attend local events, and build personal connections.")。
- 透明與溝通 (Transparency and Communication): 警察工作應盡可能透明,並與社區保持開放溝通,回應疑慮 (e.g., "Open communication and transparency are essential. This means police being accountable and responsive to community concerns.")。
- 共同參與 (Shared Responsibility): 強調社區居民也有責任參與,例如參與鄰里守望、支持正當執法 (e.g., "It's a shared responsibility. Community members can also play a role by participating in neighborhood watch programs and supporting the police's efforts.")。