109 年 國立清華大學臺灣文學研究所《英文》
第 1 題
Part I: Identifications: Please pair the terminologies and their definitions.
Choose only ONE proper term for each definition from the given answers. (25%)
Choose possible answers from this list:
Art, Memory, Consciousness, Empathy, Literature, Information, Identity
Culture, Nationalism
- (): The conscious use of skill and creative imagination especially in the
production of aesthetic objects (definition by Marriam-Webster)
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此題屬於英文科的詞彙定義配對題,主要考驗考生對學術領域常用術語的理解與辨識能力。
核心觀念:理解特定術語的定義,並從提供的選項中選出最精確的配對。
題幹要求將括號內的定義與選項列表中的術語配對。此題的定義為「The conscious use of skill and creative imagination especially in the production of aesthetic objects (definition by Marriam-Webster)」,意指「有意識地運用技巧與創意想像力,特別是在生產美學物品時」。
分析選項:
- Art: 藝術,泛指展現技巧、創意,創造美學物品的活動或成果。
- Memory: 記憶,指學習並保留下來的內容的再製或回憶過程。
第 2 題
Part I: Identifications: Please pair the terminologies and their definitions.
Choose only ONE proper term for each definition from the given answers. (25%)
Choose possible answers from this list:
Art, Memory, Consciousness, Empathy, Literature, Information, Identity
Culture, Nationalism
- (): writings having excellence of form or expression and expressing ideas of
permanent or universal interest (definition by Marriam-Webster)
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此題延續 Part I 的詞彙定義配對。
核心觀念:辨識學術術語的精確定義。
題幹定義為「writings having excellence of form or expression and expressing ideas of permanent or universal interest (definition by Marriam-Webster)」,意指「具有卓越形式或表達,並傳達永恆或普世關懷的著作」。
分析選項:
- Art: 藝術,側重美學物品的生產。
- Memory: 記憶。
- Consciousness: 意識。
- Empathy: 同理心。
第 3 題
Part I: Identifications: Please pair the terminologies and their definitions.
Choose only ONE proper term for each definition from the given answers. (25%)
Choose possible answers from this list:
Art, Memory, Consciousness, Empathy, Literature, Information, Identity
Culture, Nationalism
- (): the power or process of reproducing or recalling what has been learned and
retained especially through associative mechanisms (definition by
Marriam-Webster)
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此題為 Part I 的詞彙定義配對。
核心觀念:理解與記憶相關的學術術語。
題幹定義為「the power or process of reproducing or recalling what has been learned and retained especially through associative mechanisms (definition by Marriam-Webster)」,意指「透過聯想機制,重現或回憶已學習並保留之事物之能力或過程」。
第 4 題
Part I: Identifications: Please pair the terminologies and their definitions.
Choose only ONE proper term for each definition from the given answers. (25%)
Choose possible answers from this list:
Art, Memory, Consciousness, Empathy, Literature, Information, Identity
Culture, Nationalism
- (): the psychological identification with or vicarious experiencing of the
feelings, thoughts, or attitudes of another (Definition by Dictionary.com)
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此題為 Part I 的詞彙定義配對。
核心觀念:理解與人際互動及心理狀態相關的學術術語。
題幹定義為「the psychological identification with or vicarious experiencing of the feelings, thoughts, or attitudes of another (Definition by Dictionary.com)」,意指「在心理上認同或間接體驗他人的感受、想法或態度」。
第 5 題
Part I: Identifications: Please pair the terminologies and their definitions.
Choose only ONE proper term for each definition from the given answers. (25%)
Choose possible answers from this list:
Art, Memory, Consciousness, Empathy, Literature, Information, Identity
Culture, Nationalism
- (): a particular form or stage of civilization, as that of a certain nation or period
(Definition by Dictionary.com)
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此題為 Part I 的詞彙定義配對。
核心觀念:理解與社會、歷史階段相關的學術術語。
題幹定義為「a particular form or stage of civilization, as that of a certain nation or period (Definition by Dictionary.com)」,意指「文明的一種特定形式或階段,例如特定國家或時期的文明」。
分析選項:
- Art: 藝術。
- Memory: 記憶。
- Consciousness: 意識。
- Empathy: 同理心。
- Literature: 文學。
第 1 題
Part II: Please translate the following sentences into Chinese. (50%)
- If I am inescapably Chinese by descent, I am only sometimes Chinese by
consent.
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此題屬於翻譯題,旨在測試考生將英文句子精確、流暢地翻譯成中文的能力,尤其考驗對語意、語氣及文化背景的掌握。
核心觀念:精準傳達原文的語意、語氣及潛在含義。
句子:「If I am inescapably Chinese by descent, I am only sometimes Chinese by consent.」
分析:
- "inescapably Chinese by descent": 指「血統上無法擺脫地是華人」。"descent" 指血統、家世。
- "only sometimes Chinese by consent": 指「僅在某些時候,因為(自己的)意願(而成為)華人」。"consent" 指同意、意願。
這句話的重點在於區分「血統上的華人」與「基於個人意願而認同的華人」。前半句強調了血統的先天性、不可選擇性,後半句則突顯了個人選擇和認同的主觀性,並且這種認同並非恆常,而是「有時」(sometimes)。
第 2 題
Part II: Please translate the following sentences into Chinese. (50%)
- Comparison is not simply between islands of coherent integrity, but between
archipelagos full of internal relations and comparativity.
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此題為 Part II 的翻譯題。
核心觀念:理解並翻譯複雜的結構性句子,特別是比喻和抽象概念。
句子:「Comparison is not simply between islands of coherent integrity, but between archipelagos full of internal relations and comparativity.」
分析:
- "Comparison is not simply... but between...": 這是一個「不是...而是...」的結構,強調比較不僅限於某種情況,更在於另一種情況。
- "islands of coherent integrity": 這裡的 "islands" 是比喻,指「獨立、完整、有內在一致性」的個體或單位。
- "archipelagos full of internal relations and comparativity": "archipelagos"(群島)也是比喻,指「由許多相互關聯的個體組成的集合體」。"internal relations" 指「內部關係」,"comparativity" 指「可比性」或「相互可比性」。
第 3 題
Part II: Please translate the following sentences into Chinese. (50%)
- Comparative literature arose as a reaction against the narrow nationalism of
much nineteenth-century scholarship, as a protest against the isolationism of
many historians of French, German, Italian, English, etc., literature.
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此題為 Part II 的翻譯題。
核心觀念:理解學術發展脈絡與歷史背景,並將之準確翻譯。
句子:「Comparative literature arose as a reaction against the narrow nationalism of much nineteenth-century scholarship, as a protest against the isolationism of many historians of French, German, Italian, English, etc., literature.」
分析:
- "Comparative literature arose as a reaction against...": 比較文學興起,是對...的一種反作用。
- "narrow nationalism of much nineteenth-century scholarship": 「19世紀許多學術研究中的狹隘民族主義」。
- "as a protest against...": 作為對...的一種抗議。
- "isolationism of many historians of French, German, Italian, English, etc., literature": 「許多法、德、義、英等國文學史家所採取的孤立主義」。
第 4 題
Part II: Please translate the following sentences into Chinese. (50%)
- The peculiar blurring of the line between the self of the dominant cultural group
and the minority indigenous other makes the case of indigenous writing in
Taiwan particularly interesting for study.
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此題為 Part II 的翻譯題。
核心觀念:理解並翻譯涉及社會學、文化研究中特定概念的句子。
句子:「The peculiar blurring of the line between the self of the dominant cultural group and the minority indigenous other makes the case of indigenous writing in Taiwan particularly interesting for study.」
分析:
- "The peculiar blurring of the line between... and...": 「介於...與...之間的界線的特殊模糊化」。
- "peculiar": 特殊的,奇特的。
- "blurring of the line": 界線的模糊化。
- "the self of the dominant cultural group": 「強勢文化群體的『自我』」。
- "the minority indigenous other": 「少數原住民的『他者』」。這裡的 "other" 是文化研究中常用的術語,指「非我族類」、「被視為不同於自身群體的群體」。
第 5 題
Part II: Please translate the following sentences into Chinese. (50%)
- Translations, even those that closely adhere to the lexical and syntactic features
of the foreign text, produce effects that exceed a lexicographical equivalence and
work only in the translating language and culture.
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此題為 Part II 的翻譯題。
核心觀念:理解翻譯理論中關於「等效性」(equivalence)與「文化適應」(cultural adaptation)的論述。
句子:「Translations, even those that closely adhere to the lexical and syntactic features of the foreign text, produce effects that exceed a lexicographical equivalence and work only in the translating language and culture.」
分析:
- "Translations, even those that closely adhere to the lexical and syntactic features of the foreign text,": 「譯文,即使是那些嚴格遵循原文詞彙和句法特徵的譯文,」。
- "lexical and syntactic features": 詞彙和句法特徵。
- "foreign text": 外國文本,即原文。
- "produce effects that exceed a lexicographical equivalence": 「也會產生超出詞彙等效性的效果」。
- "lexicographical equivalence": 詞彙上的等效性,指翻譯能夠在詞彙層面達到忠實對應。
第 1 題
Part III: Please translate the following paragraph into Chinese (25%)
My principal methodological devices for studying authority here are what can be
called strategic location, which is a way of describing the author's position in a text
with regard to the Oriental material he writes about, and strategic formation, which is
a way of analyzing the relationship between texts and the way in which groups of
texts, types of texts, even textual genres, acquire mass, density, and referential power
among themselves and thereafter in the culture at large. I use the notion of strategy
simply to identify the problem every writer on the Orient has faced: how to get hold
of it, how to approach it, how not to be defeated or overwhelmed by its sublimity, its
scope, its awful dimensions. (Edward Said, 1978)
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此題為 Part III 的翻譯題,要求將一段學術性較強的英文段落翻譯成中文。這段話出自 Edward Said 的著作,涉及後殖民研究、文學批評及方法論。
核心觀念:理解並翻譯複雜的學術論述,特別是關於研究方法、文本分析及文化研究的術語。
段落分析:
- 開頭句與核心方法論:
- "My principal methodological devices for studying authority here are what can be called strategic location, which is a way of describing the author's position in a text with regard to the Oriental material he writes about,"
- 翻譯重點:「principal methodological devices」(主要的 منهج 方法論工具/裝置)、「studying authority」(研究權力/權威)、「strategic location」(策略性位置)。
- 「策略性位置」被定義為「描述作者在文本中,相對於他所書寫的東方材料的立場」。這裡的「authority」可能指文本中的權力關係,或是作者對「東方」的論述權威。
- 第二個方法論:
- "and strategic formation, which is a way of analyzing the relationship between texts and the way in which groups of texts, types of texts, even textual genres, acquire mass, density, and referential power among themselves and thereafter in the culture at large."
- 翻譯重點:「strategic formation」(策略性建構/形成)、「relationship between texts」(文本之間的關係)、「acquire mass, density, and referential power」(獲得份量、密度與指涉力)。
- 「策略性建構」被定義為「分析文本之間的關係,以及文本群體、文本類型,甚至是文本體裁,如何在彼此之間,以及進而擴展到整個文化中,獲得份量、密度與指涉力」。這是一種關於文本如何產生意義和影響力的分析方式。
- 「策略」概念的總結與問題意識:
- "I use the notion of strategy simply to identify the problem every writer on the Orient has faced: how to get hold of it, how to approach it, how not to be defeated or overwhelmed by its sublimity, its scope, its awful dimensions."
- 翻譯重點:「notion of strategy」(策略的概念)、「problem every writer on the Orient has faced」(每一位書寫東方題材的作家所面臨的問題)、「get hold of it」(掌握它)、「approach it」(接近它)、「not to be defeated or overwhelmed」(不被擊敗或淹沒)、「sublimity, its scope, its awful dimensions」(它的崇高、它的廣度、它可怕的尺度)。
- Said 使用「策略」這個概念,是為了指出所有書寫「東方」的作家共同面臨的挑戰:如何掌握、如何接近這個對象,以及如何避免被其「崇高」、「廣闊」、「可怕」的 dimensions 所壓倒。這強烈暗示了西方書寫「東方」時,可能存在的權力不對等、刻板印象及被對象的巨大力量所震撼的問題。
整體翻譯策略:
- 確保關鍵術語翻譯準確且一致(如 strategic location, strategic formation, Oriental material, etc.)。
- 捕捉 Said 對「東方」書寫的批判性視角,以及其方法論的分析層次。
- 用詞需符合學術論文翻譯的規範,力求精煉、準確。