108 年 國立清華大學英語教學系碩士班《英文(含作文與翻譯)》
第 I. 題40 分
I. Translation (40%, 10 points each, English to Chinese/Chinese to English)
- The different aspects of power—force, authority, and influence—may be illustrated by Mohandas K. Gandhi's success in leading India toward independence from Great Britain. Gandhi was seen by his followers as a highly charismatic person. Further, his manner of living embodied such traditional ideals as humility, self-sacrifice, and spirituality.
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本題考驗考生將英文敘述關於甘地領導印度獨立的段落翻譯成中文的能力。翻譯的重點在於準確傳達原文的意涵,並使用流暢自然的中文表達。
核心觀念: 英文片語與句型結構的理解,以及對歷史人物事蹟的恰當中文表達。
解題步驟:
- 理解原文: 仔細閱讀題目,理解關於甘地的描述,包含權力的不同面向(武力、權威、影響力)、他如何領導印度獨立、其追隨者對他的看法(極具魅力的個人),以及他的生活方式如何體現傳統價值(謙遜、犧牲奉獻、靈性)。
- 翻譯策略:
- Power: 考量上下文,應翻譯為「權力」。
- force, authority, and influence: 這三個詞分別是「武力」、「權威」和「影響力」。
- illustrated by: 「透過...得以展現」、「可以由...來說明」。
- leading India toward independence from Great Britain: 「領導印度走向從英國獨立」。
第 I. 題40 分
- The different aspects of power—force, authority, and influence—may be illustrated by Mohandas K. Gandhi's success in leading India toward independence from Great Britain. Gandhi was seen by his followers as a highly charismatic person. Further, his manner of living embodied such traditional ideals as humility, self-sacrifice, and spirituality.
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本題考驗考生將英文敘述關於甘地領導印度獨立的段落翻譯成中文的能力。翻譯的重點在於準確傳達原文的意涵,並使用流暢自然的中文表達。
核心觀念: 英文片語與句型結構的理解,以及對歷史人物事蹟的恰當中文表達。
解題步驟:
- 理解原文: 仔細閱讀題目,理解關於甘地的描述,包含權力的不同面向(武力、權威、影響力)、他如何領導印度獨立、其追隨者對他的看法(極具魅力的個人),以及他的生活方式如何體現傳統價值(謙遜、犧牲奉獻、靈性)。
- 翻譯策略:
- Power: 考量上下文,應翻譯為「權力」。
- force, authority, and influence: 這三個詞分別是「武力」、「權威」和「影響力」。
- illustrated by: 「透過...得以展現」、「可以由...來說明」。
- leading India toward independence from Great Britain: 「領導印度走向從英國獨立」。
第 I. 題40 分
- Reading is the key to success in American society. Everything our society is and does depends on that one word. In addition to the thousands of illiterates we hear about on television and in magazines, there is an unspoken and silent category of people never mentioned. This is the group of people who can read, but not quite well enough to feel comfortable or successful with it.
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本題要求考生將一段關於閱讀在美國社會重要性的英文段落翻譯成中文。翻譯的重點在於精確傳達原文的語意,特別是「key to success」、「unspoken and silent category」等片語的意涵,並使用自然流暢的中文。
核心觀念: 英文片語的理解與在地化翻譯,以及對句間邏輯的掌握。
解題步驟:
- 理解原文: 仔細閱讀段落,掌握其主旨:閱讀是美國社會成功的關鍵。接著理解作者提出的對比:除了明顯的文盲,還有一個「未被提及」的群體,他們會閱讀,但程度不足以感到自在或成功。
- 翻譯策略:
- the key to success: 「成功的關鍵」。
- Everything our society is and does depends on that one word: 「我們社會的一切存在與作為都依賴於這一個詞(指閱讀)」。此處的「that one word」應明確指代前面的「Reading」。
- in addition to: 「除了...之外」。
第 I. 題40 分
- CLIL stands for Content and Language Integrated Learning and refers to teaching subjects such as science, history and geography to students through a foreign language. It refers to situations where subjects, or parts of subjects, are taught through a foreign language with dual-focused aims, namely the learning of content and the simultaneous learning of a foreign language.
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本題要求考生將一段關於 CLIL(內容與語言整合學習)的定義與解釋翻譯成中文。翻譯的重點在於精確傳達學術術語的定義,並使用清晰、專業的中文。
核心觀念: 專有名詞的翻譯,以及學術性定義的準確表述。
解題步驟:
- 理解原文: 辨識 CLIL 的全稱及其定義。理解 CLIL 的核心概念是透過外語教授學科內容,並以學科內容學習和外語學習雙重目標為導向。
- 翻譯策略:
- CLIL stands for Content and Language Integrated Learning: 「CLIL 是內容與語言整合學習(Content and Language Integrated Learning)的縮寫」。
- refers to teaching subjects such as science, history and geography to students through a foreign language: 「指的是透過外語向學生教授諸如科學、歷史和地理等學科」。
第 I. 題40 分
- 「夢想者仰望天空,實踐者雙腳踩地。在這個紛擾的世界,你能看到最
美的景色,你就是夢想的實踐者。」這是2013年某高級房車的電視廣告
詞,提醒我們夢想者和實踐者都看到了最好的風景,而務實者方能實踐
這些美好。
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核心觀念
本題考查中文英譯,重點包括:
- 「夢想者」與「實踐者」的對比表達。
- 「仰望天空」與「雙腳踩地」的意象翻譯。
- 「紛擾的世界」的自然英文表達。
- 「方能」所表示的必要條件與限定語氣。
- 廣告詞應兼顧忠實、流暢與修辭節奏,不能逐字硬譯。
解題方法
翻譯時先掌握全文邏輯:
- 前兩句以對比方式描寫夢想者與實踐者。
- 第三句指出:能在混亂世界中看見美好景色的人,就是將夢想化為現實的人。
- 最後一句補充務實精神的重要性,說明夢想必須透過行動才能實現。
因此,英文應使用平行結構與對比句型,使廣告詞具有簡潔、有力的節奏。
參考譯文
“Dreamers look up to the sky, while doers keep their feet on the ground. In this troubled world, if you can see the most beautiful scenery, you are someone who makes dreams come true.” This was the slogan of a television commercial for a luxury sedan in 2013. It reminded us that both dreamers and doers can see the finest scenery, but only practical people can turn these beautiful dreams into reality.
句子與用字解析
- 「夢想者仰望天空,實踐者雙腳踩地。」
可譯為:
“Dreamers look up to the sky, while doers keep their feet on the ground.”
- 「夢想者」用
dreamers,指懷抱理想與夢想的人。 - 「實踐者」用
doers,比practitioners更自然,也更符合廣告語言。 - 「仰望天空」用
look up to the sky,保留原文的畫面感。 - 「雙腳踩地」不可直譯成
step on the ground,此處應用慣用語keep one’s feet on the ground,表示務實、不脫離現實。 while同時具有「而、然而」的對比功能,能使兩個分句形成平衡。
- 「在這個紛擾的世界,你能看到最美的景色,你就是夢想的實踐者。」
可譯為:
“In this troubled world, if you can see the most beautiful scenery, you are someone who makes dreams come true.”
- 「紛擾的世界」可用
this troubled world,比this noisy world更能表達社會混亂與人心不安。 - 「最美的景色」可譯為
the most beautiful scenery,也可依廣告語氣譯為the finest scenery。 - 「夢想的實踐者」若直譯為
the practitioner of dreams不自然,應改為someone who makes dreams come true,意思是「使夢想成真的人」。 - 原文兩次使用「你」,英文不必重複使用
you,可依語意改成較自然的描述。
第 II. 題60 分
II. Essay writing (60%, 30 points each)
- Please write an English essay in 200-250 words to respond to the following citation:
Teachers are the major influence on how well students read. Students don't learn to read assignments with a questioning mind if their teachers have deemphasized comprehension questions in classroom discussions and on tests. Nor do students develop their critical reading skills if their teachers have always favored factual and application (noncritical) questions in discussions and on readings. Literal comprehension is the simplest level of comprehension and the one that makes the fewest demands on reasoning. Research indicates that questions calling for literary meaning are frequently asked by elementary and secondary school teachers. These questions depend for the most part of memory and recall of stated information. In college reading, things change. College teachers often ask questions that call for higher order thinking skills, for critical reasoning, evaluation, explanation, or conjecture, but students have seldom had much experience—and rarely much training—in answering such questions. This fact is often demonstrated when students take tests covering assigned course readings or when they are required to take standardized tests such as placement tests, entry exams, proficiency tests, and assessment tests...
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核心觀念
本題出自國立清華大學英語教學系碩士班入學考,核心主題聚焦於**「閱讀理解階層(Reading Comprehension Levels)」、「教師提問策略(Teacher Questioning Strategies)」與「中學至大學學術閱讀銜接(High School to College Academic Transition)」**。
-
閱讀理解認知階層理論:
引文呼應了布魯姆認知歷程分類學(Bloom's Revised Taxonomy)及巴雷特閱讀理解分類法(Barrett's Taxonomy of Reading Comprehension)。引文指出:- 低階思考(Lower-Order Thinking Skills, LOTS):以「字面理解(Literal comprehension)」為主,側重事實記憶(memory)與訊息回溯(recall of stated information),為中小學課堂常態。
- 高階思考(Higher-Order Thinking Skills, HOTS):包含「批判性推理(critical reasoning)」、「評鑑(evaluation)」、「合理解釋(explanation)」及「推論與猜想(conjecture)」,為大學學術閱讀與各類大型評量(standardized tests)的核心要求。
-
英語教學法與師資培育意涵:
文章探討學生在升入大學或面臨評量時出現閱讀困難的結構性成因——並非學生天生缺乏思辨能力,而是「教師的教學與評量習慣塑造了學生的閱讀思維」。若中小學階段長期偏向事實性與應用性提問,學生將缺乏批判性質疑(questioning mind)的訓練。
解題方法
本題要求寫作篇幅為 200-250 字 的回應式短文(Response Essay)。因篇幅精準受限,切忌冗長鋪陳,必須採取**經典的三段式(Three-Paragraph Academic Structure)**結構:
- 第一段:引言與論點陳述(Introduction & Thesis Statement,約 50-60 字)
- 簡述引文核心:中小學側重字面理解提問,導致學生難以銜接大學高階批判性閱讀。
- 提出明確論點(Thesis Statement):贊同引文觀點,並主張教師必須從基礎教育起調整提問鷹架(questioning scaffolds),彌合初階理解與高階批判閱讀之間的落差。
- 第二段:主體論證與教學解方(Body Paragraph: Causes & Pedagogical Interventions,約 110-130 字)
- 分析成因:以應試為導向的教學常將「字面事實(factual recall)」視為評分捷徑,使學生習慣被動接收。
- 提出實務教學策略:教師應採用層次推進的提問技術(Tiered questioning / Socratic questioning),在鞏固字面理解後,立即引導至推論(inferential)與評估性(evaluative)問題,培養「質疑閱讀(reading with a questioning mind)」的習慣。
- 第三段:結論與前瞻(Conclusion,約 40-50 字)
- 重申主旨:提問方式決定思考方式;轉變課堂提問焦點,是提升學生學術閱讀素養與終身批判能力的關鍵。
選項分析(寫作要點評析)
本題為申論寫作題(Essay Writing),評分標準著重論點切題度、組織結構、詞彙文法與字數精準度。以下針對考生常見的切入取向進行評判:
- 單純轉述引文內容(Paraphrasing without insight)——【錯誤取向】
若僅把引文改寫為「中小學老師常問簡單問題,大學老師問難問題,所以學生考不好」,缺乏自我主張與具體教學法論證,在英語教學研究所評分中難獲高分。 - 完全脫離引文批判大專考試或制度(Off-topic venting)——【錯誤取向】
若將篇幅全用於批評標準化測驗體制或學生缺乏學習動機,未聚焦於「教師提問(teacher questioning)」與「批判性閱讀(critical reading)」的因果關聯,屬偏題。 - 以英語教學專業觀點呼應並給予教學解方(Pedagogical response with clear thesis)——【正確取向】
精準切中引文論點,點出教學法(Pedagogy)上的對策(如蘇格拉底提問法、鷹架理論、階梯式提問設計),展現英語教學系應具備的專業素養與批判思維。
解題技巧
- 字數嚴格控制在 200–250 字:
研究所入學考對字數上限非常敏感。低於 200 字會被視為發展不足(underdeveloped);超過 250 字則可能因未遵守指令(failure to follow instructions)被扣分。建議完成後以段落句數速檢:引言 2–3 句、主體段 4–5 句、結論 2 句。 - 高階學術詞彙精準替換:
第 II. 題60 分
- Please read the passage below and write an English essay in 200-250 words to respond to the questions that follow it:
Reading is empowering from the very first steps with picture books. Empowerment is an important springboard to success and resultative motivation, the motivation that depends on good results. Resultative motivation has reciprocal effects by producing more success and is therefore of itself for many students the best initial step to language learning as well as pleasure reading. It is just one of the many reasons why these first steps toward pleasure reading with picture narratives in the primary EFL classroom should be continued into the secondary school.... The young reader, the novice in most walks of life, is introduced gently to the idea of story world through children's literature, introduced gently to the world of 'once upon a time' and 'they all lived happily ever after', with all the concomitant and incidental opportunities for experiencing an imaginative, pleasurable and thoughtful response.
Questions:
(1) What are the messages that the passage tends to convey?
(2) In your opinions, why do we need to read?
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核心觀念
本題是「閱讀理解結合英文作文」,要求考生完成兩項任務:
- 說明文章主旨與訊息。
- 提出個人觀點,解釋閱讀的重要性。
文章的核心概念包括:
- Empowerment(賦權、增能):閱讀使學習者獲得信心、能力與成就感。
- Resultative motivation(結果導向動機):學習者因為獲得良好成果而更願意持續學習;成功會帶來更強的學習動機。
- Pleasure reading(樂趣閱讀):以興趣與享受為目的的閱讀,而非只為考試。
- Children’s literature(兒童文學):透過圖像、故事與想像世界,幫助初學者建立閱讀興趣、語言能力與情感理解。
文章主張,圖畫書能讓初學者以較低的難度接觸英文,從成功經驗中建立信心。因此,樂趣閱讀不應只停留在國小階段,也應延續至中學。
解題方法
第一段先概括文章訊息,必須同時涵蓋「閱讀帶來賦權」與「成功促進動機」兩個重點,並指出兒童文學能培養想像力、愉悅感與思考能力。
第二段至第三段回答「為什麼需要閱讀」,可採用三點式論述:
- 閱讀增進知識與語言能力。
- 閱讀培養批判思考。
- 閱讀提升同理心與想像力。
結尾再將閱讀提升為終身學習與個人成長的基礎。全文控制在 200 至 250 字,並使用清楚的轉承語,例如 First, Second, Third, For these reasons,使文章結構完整。
參考範文(220 words)
Reading is far more than a way to obtain information; it is a gradual process of empowerment. The passage emphasizes that picture books give beginning language learners confidence, pleasure, and a sense of achievement. These positive results create resultative motivation, which encourages students to read and learn more. Therefore, pleasure reading should not end in primary school but should continue through secondary education. Children’s literature also introduces young readers to imaginative story worlds and helps them develop thoughtful emotional responses.