112 年 國立臺灣大學生化科學系碩士班《專業英文（I）》

第 22 題2 分

Part 4. Alan is preparing competent cells. Here is the protocol he found from DNA Electrophoresis. Methods in Molecular Biology,
vol 1054. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-565-12. Alan will follow the protocol step by step.
Please answer the following questions.
I. Pick a single colony of a recA E. coli strain and start a 10 mL LB broth culture in a 100 mL conical flask. Grow cells
overnight on a shaker at 37 °C.
II. The next morning. dilute the overnight culture 1:100 in 200 mL of fresh LB broth in a 2 L flask. Grow the culture at 37 °C
with vigorous aeration.
III. While the culture is growing. precool a tabletop centrifuge to 4 °C. Also, prechill on ice four 50 mL conical tubes.
IV. When the bacterial culture OD600 reaches 0.4-0.5, chill the culture rapidly by placing the flask in an ice-water bath for 5
min. Swirl the flask every 10-20 s while it is in the bath to facilitate cooling.
V. Transfer the culture to the four prechilled 50 mL conical tubes and harvest cells in the prechilled tabletop centrifuge (from
step III) at 2,500 × g for 10 min.
VI. Carefully pour off the supernatants and place the tubes on ice. Use a 1 mL pipetman to remove as much of the remaining
media as possible.
VII. Add 25 mL of ice-cold 0.1 M CaCl2 to each tube and resuspend the cells by vortexing. No cell clumps should be seen.
Incubate cells on ice for 1 h.
VIII. Combine the four 25 mL aliquots in two tubes and harvest the cells in the prechilled tabletop centrifuge at 2,500 × g for 10
min.
IX. Carefully pour off the supernatant and place the tubes on ice. Use a 1 mL pipetman to remove as much of the remaining
CaCl2 as possible.
X. Add 5 mL of ice-cold 20% glycerol in 0.1 M CaClz to each tube and resuspend the cells by vortexing. No cell clumps
should be visible.
XI. Quickly pipette 100 µL of cells into each tube and close the tubes. Transfer the tubes to a-80 °C freezer.

  1. Alan starts with one bottle of 0.1 M CaCl2 and one bottle of 100% glycerol. What's the minimal volume of 0.1 M CaCl2
    that Alan needs for this experiment? (2%)
    (A) 50 mL
    (B) 100 mL
    (C) 108 mL
    (D) 220 mL

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查：

  1. 各步驟所需溶液體積的加總
  2. 體積百分濃度（% v/v）的換算

步驟 VII 直接使用冰冷的 0.1 M CaCl20.1\ \mathrm{M\ CaCl_2}；步驟 X 使用的是「含有 20%20\% glycerol 的 0.1 M CaCl20.1\ \mathrm{M\ CaCl_2} 溶液」，其中剩餘體積由 0.1 M CaCl20.1\ \mathrm{M\ CaCl_2} 補足。

解題方法

一、計算步驟 VII 所需的 CaCl2CaCl_2

四個離心管各加入 25 mL25\ \mathrm{mL} 的冰冷 0.1 M CaCl20.1\ \mathrm{M\ CaCl_2}：

4×25=100 mL4\times 25=100\ \mathrm{mL}

因此，步驟 VII 需要：

100 mL100\ \mathrm{mL}

的 0.1 M CaCl20.1\ \mathrm{M\ CaCl_2}。

二、計算步驟 X 所需的 CaCl2CaCl_2

步驟 VIII 將四管合併成兩管，因此步驟 X 有兩管；每管加入 5 mL5\ \mathrm{mL} 的「20%20\% glycerol in 0.1 M CaCl20.1\ \mathrm{M\ CaCl_2}」：

2×5=10 mL2\times 5=10\ \mathrm{mL}

這 10 mL10\ \mathrm{mL} 溶液中，glycerol 佔 20%20\%：

10×20%=2 mL10\times 20\%=2\ \mathrm{mL}

因此，0.1 M CaCl20.1\ \mathrm{M\ CaCl_2} 佔剩餘的 80%80\%：

10×80%=8 mL10\times 80\%=8\ \mathrm{mL}

三、加總總需求量

100+8=108 mL100+8=108\ \mathrm{mL}
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第 23 題2 分

Part 4. Alan is preparing competent cells. Here is the protocol he found from DNA Electrophoresis. Methods in Molecular Biology,
vol 1054. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-565-12. Alan will follow the protocol step by step.
Please answer the following questions.
I. Pick a single colony of a recA E. coli strain and start a 10 mL LB broth culture in a 100 mL conical flask. Grow cells
overnight on a shaker at 37 °C.
II. The next morning. dilute the overnight culture 1:100 in 200 mL of fresh LB broth in a 2 L flask. Grow the culture at 37 °C
with vigorous aeration.
III. While the culture is growing. precool a tabletop centrifuge to 4 °C. Also, prechill on ice four 50 mL conical tubes.
IV. When the bacterial culture OD600 reaches 0.4-0.5, chill the culture rapidly by placing the flask in an ice-water bath for 5
min. Swirl the flask every 10-20 s while it is in the bath to facilitate cooling.
V. Transfer the culture to the four prechilled 50 mL conical tubes and harvest cells in the prechilled tabletop centrifuge (from
step III) at 2,500 × g for 10 min.
VI. Carefully pour off the supernatants and place the tubes on ice. Use a 1 mL pipetman to remove as much of the remaining
media as possible.
VII. Add 25 mL of ice-cold 0.1 M CaCl2 to each tube and resuspend the cells by vortexing. No cell clumps should be seen.
Incubate cells on ice for 1 h.
VIII. Combine the four 25 mL aliquots in two tubes and harvest the cells in the prechilled tabletop centrifuge at 2,500 × g for 10
min.
IX. Carefully pour off the supernatant and place the tubes on ice. Use a 1 mL pipetman to remove as much of the remaining
CaCl2 as possible.
X. Add 5 mL of ice-cold 20% glycerol in 0.1 M CaClz to each tube and resuspend the cells by vortexing. No cell clumps
should be visible.
XI. Quickly pipette 100 µL of cells into each tube and close the tubes. Transfer the tubes to a-80 °C freezer.

  1. What's the minimal volume of 100% glycerol that Alan needs for this experiment? (2%)
    (A) 1 mL
    (B) 2 mL
    (C) 5 mL
    (D) 10 mL

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這一題的完整詳解

本題要求計算實驗所需的最低 100% 甘油體積。
我們需要找到所有使用甘油的步驟。
步驟 X：Add 5 mL of ice-cold 20% glycerol in 0.1 M CaCl₂ to each tube and resuspend the cells by vortexing.
這裡的「20% glycerol」是指甘油佔該溶液的體積百分比。

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第 24 題2 分

Part 4. Alan is preparing competent cells. Here is the protocol he found from DNA Electrophoresis. Methods in Molecular Biology,
vol 1054. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-565-12. Alan will follow the protocol step by step.
Please answer the following questions.
I. Pick a single colony of a recA E. coli strain and start a 10 mL LB broth culture in a 100 mL conical flask. Grow cells
overnight on a shaker at 37 °C.
II. The next morning. dilute the overnight culture 1:100 in 200 mL of fresh LB broth in a 2 L flask. Grow the culture at 37 °C
with vigorous aeration.
III. While the culture is growing. precool a tabletop centrifuge to 4 °C. Also, prechill on ice four 50 mL conical tubes.
IV. When the bacterial culture OD600 reaches 0.4-0.5, chill the culture rapidly by placing the flask in an ice-water bath for 5
min. Swirl the flask every 10-20 s while it is in the bath to facilitate cooling.
V. Transfer the culture to the four prechilled 50 mL conical tubes and harvest cells in the prechilled tabletop centrifuge (from
step III) at 2,500 × g for 10 min.
VI. Carefully pour off the supernatants and place the tubes on ice. Use a 1 mL pipetman to remove as much of the remaining
media as possible.
VII. Add 25 mL of ice-cold 0.1 M CaCl2 to each tube and resuspend the cells by vortexing. No cell clumps should be seen.
Incubate cells on ice for 1 h.
VIII. Combine the four 25 mL aliquots in two tubes and harvest the cells in the prechilled tabletop centrifuge at 2,500 × g for 10
min.
IX. Carefully pour off the supernatant and place the tubes on ice. Use a 1 mL pipetman to remove as much of the remaining
CaCl2 as possible.
X. Add 5 mL of ice-cold 20% glycerol in 0.1 M CaClz to each tube and resuspend the cells by vortexing. No cell clumps
should be visible.
XI. Quickly pipette 100 µL of cells into each tube and close the tubes. Transfer the tubes to a-80 °C freezer.

  1. Roughly how many competent cell aliquots will Alan end up with? (2%)
    (A) 50
    (B) 100
    (C) 150
    (D) 200

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查「總細胞懸液體積 ÷ 每管分裝體積」的計算。

步驟 XI 中，每次分裝的體積為 100 μL100\ \mu\text{L}。因此，只要先求出步驟 X 完成後的細胞懸液總體積，再進行換算即可。

解題方法

步驟 VII 將培養液分裝於四管，每管加入 25 mL25\ \text{mL} CaCl₂ 溶液：

4×25 mL=100 mL4 \times 25\ \text{mL}=100\ \text{mL}

步驟 VIII 將四管合併成兩管，離心去除上清液。步驟 X 對這兩管各加入 5 mL5\ \text{mL} 冰冷的 20% glycerol in 0.1 M CaCl₂，因此細胞懸液總體積為：

2×5 mL=10 mL2 \times 5\ \text{mL}=10\ \text{mL}

換算單位：

10 mL=10,000 μL10\ \text{mL}=10{,}000\ \mu\text{L}

每個 aliquot 為 100 μL100\ \mu\text{L}，所以可分裝數量為：

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第 25 題2 分

Part 4. Alan is preparing competent cells. Here is the protocol he found from DNA Electrophoresis. Methods in Molecular Biology,
vol 1054. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-565-12. Alan will follow the protocol step by step.
Please answer the following questions.
I. Pick a single colony of a recA E. coli strain and start a 10 mL LB broth culture in a 100 mL conical flask. Grow cells
overnight on a shaker at 37 °C.
II. The next morning. dilute the overnight culture 1:100 in 200 mL of fresh LB broth in a 2 L flask. Grow the culture at 37 °C
with vigorous aeration.
III. While the culture is growing. precool a tabletop centrifuge to 4 °C. Also, prechill on ice four 50 mL conical tubes.
IV. When the bacterial culture OD600 reaches 0.4-0.5, chill the culture rapidly by placing the flask in an ice-water bath for 5
min. Swirl the flask every 10-20 s while it is in the bath to facilitate cooling.
V. Transfer the culture to the four prechilled 50 mL conical tubes and harvest cells in the prechilled tabletop centrifuge (from
step III) at 2,500 × g for 10 min.
VI. Carefully pour off the supernatants and place the tubes on ice. Use a 1 mL pipetman to remove as much of the remaining
media as possible.
VII. Add 25 mL of ice-cold 0.1 M CaCl2 to each tube and resuspend the cells by vortexing. No cell clumps should be seen.
Incubate cells on ice for 1 h.
VIII. Combine the four 25 mL aliquots in two tubes and harvest the cells in the prechilled tabletop centrifuge at 2,500 × g for 10
min.
IX. Carefully pour off the supernatant and place the tubes on ice. Use a 1 mL pipetman to remove as much of the remaining
CaCl2 as possible.
X. Add 5 mL of ice-cold 20% glycerol in 0.1 M CaClz to each tube and resuspend the cells by vortexing. No cell clumps
should be visible.
XI. Quickly pipette 100 µL of cells into each tube and close the tubes. Transfer the tubes to a-80 °C freezer.

  1. Which instrument or device is not required for this experiment? (2%)
    (A) gel imaging system
    (B) shaker
    (C) spectrophotometer
    (D) centrifuge

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這一題的完整詳解

本題要求找出實驗中不需要的儀器或裝置。我們逐一檢視實驗步驟中提到的儀器：
步驟 I：Grow cells overnight on a shaker at 37 °C. (需要 shaker)
步驟 II：Grow the culture at 37 °C with vigorous aeration. (雖然沒有直接提到儀器，但生長培養需要恆溫箱或培養箱，以及通氣裝置，但題目選項中沒有這些)

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第 38 題2 分

Part 9. General comprehension and scientific terms (14 points. 2 points for each question)
38. "From the intricate neuronal networks to the fundamental functions and architecture, the human brain is reluctantly
to share its secrets." What does "reluctantly" mean in the sentence? (2%)
(A) slowly
(B) in an unwilling way
(C) redundantly
(D) none of above

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這一題的完整詳解

本題考查單字 "reluctantly" 的意思。
句子：「the human brain is reluctantly to share its secrets.」
"Reluctantly" 的意思是「不情願地」、「勉強地」。

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第 39 題2 分

Part 9. General comprehension and scientific terms (14 points. 2 points for each question)
39. "This ability is substantially more pronounced in the patient group than in vaccinated healthy individuals." What does
"pronounced" mean in the above sentence? (2%)
(A) significant
(B) weak
(C) unclear
(D) irrelevant

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這一題的完整詳解

本題考查單字 "pronounced" 的意思。
句子：「This ability is substantially more pronounced in the patient group than in vaccinated healthy individuals.」

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第 40 題2 分

Part 9. General comprehension and scientific terms (14 points. 2 points for each question)
40. What is that there's a strong correlation between climate change and extreme weather conditions. (2%)
(A)are we seeing
(B) do we see
(C) we're seeing
(D) none of above

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查 名詞子句與 What 所引導的主詞子句。

句型：

What + 主詞 + 動詞 + is that + 子句

其中：

  • What we're seeing 是主詞，意思是「我們所看到的情況」。
  • is 是連綴動詞。
  • that there's a strong correlation between climate change and extreme weather conditions 是表語，說明「所看到的情況」為何。

完整句意為：

我們所看到的是，氣候變遷與極端天氣狀況之間存在高度相關性。

解題方法

先觀察空格前後結構：

What ______ is that there's a strong correlation …

空格後的 is 已經是主要句子的動詞，因此空格內必須形成一個完整的主詞子句：

What + 主詞 + 動詞

主詞為 we，動詞為 are seeing，縮寫後即為：

What we're seeing is that …

此處 what 相當於「the thing that」，因此：

What we're seeing
= the thing that we are seeing
= 我們所看到的事物／情況

選項分析

(A) are we seeing

填入後：

What are we seeing is that …

are we seeing 是疑問句語序，適用於：

What are we seeing?

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第 41 題2 分

Part 9. General comprehension and scientific terms (14 points. 2 points for each question)
41. Researchers have engineered biomolecules that act like "cellular glue," ____ them to direct in precise fashion how
cells bond with each other. (2%)
(A) allowing
(B) it allows
(C) allows
(D) all of above

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念：分詞片語與主詞一致

本題考查逗號後的現在分詞片語。句型為：

主句，VV-ing ...

逗號後的現在分詞片語通常作為補充說明，且其邏輯主詞必須與主句主詞一致。

主句主詞是 Researchers，但依語意判斷，「允許某物精確指引細胞黏合方式」的執行者應是前面的 biomolecules。完整句意可還原為：

Researchers have engineered biomolecules that act like “cellular glue,” which allows them to direct in precise fashion how cells bond with each other.

改寫成分詞片語後為：

Researchers have engineered biomolecules that act like “cellular glue,” allowing them to direct in precise fashion how cells bond with each other.

其中 allowing 是現在分詞，表示「使……能夠」，後接受詞 them，再接不定詞片語 to direct。

解題方法

先觀察逗號後的空格位置：

..., ____ them to direct ...

空格後已有受詞 them，因此空格應填入能接「受詞＋to V」的動詞形式。句意是「這些生物分子使它們能夠精確地指引……」，適合使用：

allow+受詞+to V\text{allow}+\text{受詞}+\text{to V}

由於此處位於逗號後，需使用現在分詞形式：

allow→allowing\text{allow} \rightarrow \text{allowing}

因此完整結構為：

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第 42 題2 分

Part 9. General comprehension and scientific terms (14 points. 2 points for each question)
42. "Quantitative study of macromolecules in solution is made possible by analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC), a strong
and adaptable technique." What is the synonym for "quantitative"? (2%)
(A) descriptive
(B) immeasurable
(C) quantifiable
(D) ambiguous

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這一題的完整詳解

本題考查單字 "quantitative" 的同義詞。
句子：「Quantitative study of macromolecules in solution...」
"Quantitative" 的意思是「量化的」，指與數量、測量有關的。

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第 43 題2 分

Part 9. General comprehension and scientific terms (14 points. 2 points for each question)
43. "Even if a patient survives a heart attack, over time they might become progressively exhausted, weakened, and ill; in
certain cases, heart failure can be fatal." Which statement is NOT true? (2%)
(A)a heart attack is completely curable
(B) a heart attack could result in long-term side effects
(C) the life quality of a patient who had a heart attack might be compromised
(D) heart failure could be lethal

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這一題的完整詳解

本題要求找出哪個敘述是錯誤的。我們逐一檢視各選項：
句子：「Even if a patient survives a heart attack, over time they might become progressively exhausted, weakened, and ill; in certain cases, heart failure can be fatal.」
(A) "a heart attack is completely curable" (心臟病發作可以完全治癒)：文章提到即使存活下來，病人也可能變得「exhausted, weakened, and ill」，並且心臟衰竭可能致命。這表明心臟病發作並非「完全治癒」，可能會有長期後遺症。因此，此敘述為假。

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第 44 題2 分

Part 9. General comprehension and scientific terms (14 points. 2 points for each question)
44. Their coincidental discovery emerged while they were conducting a bio-electrosynthesis. What does "coincidental"
mean in the sentence? (2%)
(A)extraordinary
(B) unexpected
(C) envisioned
(D) designed

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這一題的完整詳解

本題考查單字 "coincidental" 的意思。
句子：「Their coincidental discovery emerged while they were conducting a bio-electrosynthesis.」
"Coincidental" 的意思是「巧合的」，指事情在時間或空間上恰巧同時發生，但並非預先計畫好的。

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其他考古題

其他學校的生物生化系考古題

成功大學204中正大學10中山大學26臺灣海洋大學1