109 年 國立臺灣大學生化科學系碩士班《專業英文（I）》

"Scientific ability consists of a series of knowledge structures, that is, knowledge of relevant facts and procedures"
The "that is" in the above sentence can be interpreted as:
(a) in fact
(b) in other words
(c) especially
(d) all of above

"More specifically, those results indicate protein A is indeed a protein kinase"
What does "more specifically" mean in the above sentence?
(a) it is very interesting
(b) it is very likely
(c) in simple terms
(d) none of above

"In contradiction to all previous studies, GPA1 is indeed a GTPase"
According to the above sentence, what all previous studies have concluded regarding GPA1?
(a) GPAl is a GTPase
(b) GPA1 might be a GTPase
(c) GPA1 is not a GTPase
(d) none of above

"A signaling pathway can be turn on or turn off by a single protein, e.g., G-alpha subunit in G-protein system"
What does "e.g." mean here?
(a) but not
(b) for example
(c) to put it more simply
(d) none of above

"Microarray analysis provides additional evidence for unique function of this signaling pathway"
The "unique" in the above sentence indicates the function of this signaling pathway to be:
(a) useful
(b) powerful
(c) special and rare
(d) none of above

"It's better to make the wrong decision than to make no decision at all"
According to the description, what is the least preferred option:
(a) correct decision
(b) wrong decision
(c) no decision
(d) all of above

"The clinical results indicate no detrimental effects on increasing the dose of drug administration"
What does this mean?
(a) lower the drug dosage is suggested
(b) taking the drug is prohibited
(c) the drug causes no harmful effects
(d) none of above

"No synergistic effect of silibinin and morin in treating an epileptic mouse model is observed"
What can you deduce from the statement?
(a) silibinin is not able to treat the epileptic mouse
(b) morin is not able to treat an epileptic mouse
(c) silibinin and morin are showing cooperativity in treating the epileptic mouse
(d) silibinin and morin have no drug-to-drug interaction against the epileptic model in mouse

What is the meaning of "non-essential"?
(a) redundant
(b) vital
(c) basic
(d) significant

"This research provides an invaluable insight towards understanding the catalytic mechanism of protein X"
What is the ANTOYM of "invaluable" in the sentence above?
(a) hypothetical
(b) worthless
(c) important
(d) valuable

Which organelle is the power plant of a eukaryotic cell?
(a) Golgi apparatus
(b) endosomes
(c) mitochondria
(d) ribosomes

"Pathogen" is usually a kind of:
(a) artificial cells
(b) animal cells
(c) plant cells
(d) microbial cells

What is the procedure that DNA is processed into RNA?
(a) transformation
(b) transfection
(c) translation
(d) transcription

What is the building block that an enzyme is commonly composed of?
(a) nucleic acids
(b) fatty acids
(c) amino acids
(d) sugar acids

In this reference: "Nikolaev, M.; Round, E.; Gushchin, I.; Polovinkin, V.; Balandin, T.; Kuzmichev, P.; Shevhenko, V.;
Borshchevskiy, V.; Kuklin, A.; Round, A.; et al. Integral membrane proteins can be crystallized directly from nanodiscs. Cryst.
Growth Des. 2017, 17, 945-948.", which journal it was published?
(a) Growth Des.
(b) Cryst. Growth Des.
(c) Cryst.
(d) none of above

"The release of the stored proton out of the proton-releasing group, PRG, to the extracellular bulk solvent has been observed
experimentally to take place on a time scale of about 100 µs"
The proton was released from the PRG to
(a) inside the cell
(b) outside the cell
(c) another residue of this PRG
(d) none of above

"Chlorophylls (Chl) play pivotal roles in energy capture, transfer and charge separation in photosynthesis"
According to the statement above, the roles of Chl in photosynthesis is
(a) very important
(b) an inhibitor
(c) not clear
(d) none of above

"Activation of the two-component system formed by CckA, ChpT, and CtrA (kinase, phosphotransferase, and response regulator,
respectively) in Rhodobacter sphaeroides, does not occur under the growth conditions commonly used in the laboratory.
It can be concluded that, to activate two-component system in this species, you can
(a) do laboratory culture
(b) need to add CckA, ChpT and CtrA to the laboratory culture
(c) the regular laboratory culture will not work
(d) none of above

When performing a Western blotting experiment what reagent would you use for accessing the presence of target biomolecules?
(a) DNA primers
(b) antibodies
(c) RNA probes
(d) polymerases

The type of experimental procedure performed within the animal models is often called:
(a) Ex vivo
(b) In vitro
(c) In vivo
(d) In silico

"Fundamental changes of agriculture and food production are inevitable. Biotechnological manufacturing of acellular products for
food has already been successfully demonstrated but the full profit of cellular agriculture is just beginning to emerge. For
example, cultured meat is a promising source for animal-based proteins while cultured plant cells could serve as a food alternative
with healthy and nutritionally-balanced diet." [Modified form Current Opinion in Biotechnology. 2020, 61:128-134]
What is the take-home message?
(a) the demand for agriculture and food production is not urgent
(b) current development of food processing is hampered by the biotechnological bottleneck
(c) cellular food production is gaining potential
(d) cultured meat is substituted by plants

According to the Australian government, the enormous fires, which are being amplified by climate change, have killed up to a
billion animals and may drive species to extinction due to direct death, starvation, predation, and habitat loss aftermath.
What does this sentence tell us?
(a) the fire helps to rebuild the ecology in Australia
(b) the Australian fires cause an ecological catastrophe
(c) Australian government has set a fire to prevent the animals from extinction
(d) the extinction of animals has nothing to do with the fires

A new virus from the same family as the deadly SARS disease has spread beyond China's borders for the first time with a case
emerging in Thailand. Thai doctors diagnosed a Chinese traveller with mild pneumonia on 8 January which was later confirmed
to have been caused by the same SRAR-like coronavirus - which has already given rise to 41 pneumonia-like cases and one
death in China. [source: Google news]
What is the main idea of this piece of news?
(a) China reported the first case of SAR-like virus infection originated from Thailand
(b) Thailand government assisted China to fight against SARS-like virus
(c) mystery SARS-like virus spreads as first confirmed case outside China
(d) Chinese government has been developing the cure against the SARS-like virus infection