109 年 國立臺灣大學漁業科學研究所《專業英文》
第 1 題
In paragraph 1, the word merge in the passage is closest in meaning to
(A) expand
(B) separate
(C) combine
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本題考查對單字的理解。題目要求找出 "merge" 在第一段中的最接近意義。
原文句為:「These flow features are extensive systems—sometimes hundreds of kilometers in total length—of interconnecting, twisting channels that seem to merge into larger, wider chan
第 2 題
What does the discussion in paragraph 1 of runoff channels in the southern highlands suggest about Mars?
(A) The atmosphere of Mars was once thinner than it is today.
(B) Large amounts of rain once fell on parts of Mars.
(C) The river systems of Mars were once more extensive than Earth's.
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本題考查對第一段內容的理解與推論。題目要求根據第一段關於火星南部高地的沖蝕河道(runoff channels)的討論,推斷出關於火星的何種情況。
第一段提到:「Runoff channels on Mars speak of a time 4 billion years ago (the age of the Martian highlands), when the atmosphere was thicker, the surface warmer, and liquid water widespread.」
這句話說明,沖蝕河道的存在暗示著在約 40 億年前,火星的大氣層更厚、地表更溫暖,並且有廣泛的液態水。
選項分析:
(A) The atmosphere of Mars was once thinner than it is today.
第 3 題
In paragraph 2, The word relics in the passage is closest in meaning to
(A) remains
(B) sites
(C) requirements
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核心觀念
本題測驗研究所專業英文閱讀中常見的「同義詞辨析(Vocabulary in Context)」能力。核心在於掌握學術與科普文章中高頻出現的名詞 relic / relics(遺跡、遺留物、殘餘物)的精確字意,並辨別其在同義詞替換題型中的標準對應詞。
解題方法
- 單字語意解析:
名詞 relic(複數為 relics)源自拉丁文動詞 relinquere(留下、遺留),其核心定義為「自過去歷史年代流傳、殘存下來的物件、遺跡或殘留物」(an object, tradition, or system that has survived from an earlier time / something that has survived from the past)。 - 同義替換比對:
在學術與科學英文中,relics 最標準且對等的同義詞為 remains(殘餘物、遺留物、遺跡)。兩者在指稱「某事物經過破壞、分解或歲月更迭後留下的部分」時語意完全相符,因此應選擇 (A)。
選項分析
- (A) remains(正確):
名詞(常用複數型態),意為「殘餘部分、遺留物、遺跡、遺骸」(the parts of something that are left after other parts have been used, destroyed, or taken away)。
第 4 題
In paragraph 2, The word miniature in the passage is closest in meaning to
(A) temporary
(B) small
(C) multiple
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本題考查對單字的理解。題目要求找出 "miniature" 在第二段中的最接近意義。
原文句為:「The onrushing water arising from these flash floods likely also formed the odd teardrop-shaped "islands" (resembling the miniature versions seen in the wet sand of our beaches at low tide) that have been found on
第 5 題
In paragraph 2, why does the author include the information that 105 tons of water flow through the Amazon River per second?
(A) To emphasize the great size of the volume of water that seems to have flowed through Mars' outflow channels
(B) To indicate data used by scientists to estimate how long ago Mars' outflow channels were formed
(C) To argue that flash floods on Mars may have been powerful enough to cause tear-shaped "islands" to form
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本題考查對文章細節的理解與作者意圖的判斷。題目要求解釋作者在第二段中引用亞馬遜河每秒 105 噸的流量資訊的原因。
原文句為:「Judging from the width and depth of the channels, the flow rates must have been truly enormous—perhaps as much as a hundred times greater than the 105 tons per second carried by the great Amazon river.」
句意為:從河道的寬度和深度判斷,水流速率一定非常巨大——可能比偉大的亞馬遜河每秒運載的 105 噸水還要大一百倍。
作者使用亞馬遜河的流量作為一個已知的、巨大的流量標準,來對比火星溢流河道的流量,以強調火星上水流的「enormous」(巨大)程度。
選項分析:
第 6 題
According to paragraph 2, all of the following are true of the outflow channels on Mars EXCEPT:.
(A) They formed at around the same time that volcanic activity was occurring on the northern plains.
(B) They are found only on certain parts of the Martian surface.
(C) They sometimes empty onto what appear to have once been the wet sands of tidal beaches.
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本題考查對第二段內容的理解,要求找出哪個敘述與原文不符。
原文第二段提到:「Flooding shaped the outflow channels approximately 3 billion years ago, about the same times as the northern volcanic plains formed.」
這句話表明,溢流河道的形成時間大約與北部火山平原的形成時間相同。因此,選項 (A) 是正確的。
原文提到:「They appear only in equatorial regions and generally do not form extensive interconnected networks.」
這句話說明溢流河道只出現在赤道地區,因此選項 (B) 是正確的。
第 7 題
In paragraph 1, the word massive in the passage is closest in meaning to
(A) ancient
(B) carefully
(C) very large
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本題考查對單字的理解。題目要求找出 "massive" 在第一段中的最接近意義。
原文句為:「The city of Teotihuacán... At its height, between about A.D. 150 and 700, it probably had a population of more than 125,000 people and covered at least 20 square kilometers. It had over 2,000 apartment complexes, a great market, a large number of industrial workshops, an administrative center, a number of massive religious edifices,
第 8 題
In paragraph 1, each of the following is mentioned as a feature of the city of Teotihuacán between A.D. 150 and 700 EXCEPT
(A) regularly arranged streets
(B) several administrative centers spread across the city
(C) many manufacturing workshops
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本題考查對第一段內容的理解,要求找出哪個是特奧蒂瓦坎城在公元 150 年至 700 年間的特徵,但未被提及。
原文第一段描述特奧蒂瓦坎城在鼎盛時期(A.D. 150 and 700)的特徵:「a number of massive religious edifices, and a regular grid pattern of streets and buildings. Clearly, much planning and central control was involved in the expansion and ordering of his great metropolis. Moreover, the city had economic and perhaps religious contacts
第 9 題
In paragraph 2, the word pinpoint in the passage is closest in meaning to
(A) identify precisely
(B) make an argument for
(C) describe
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本題考查對單字的理解。題目要求找出 "pinpoint" 在第二段中的最接近意義。
原文句為:「The exact role of other factors is much more difficult to pinpoint—for instance, Teotihuacán's religious significance as a shrine, the historical situation in and around the Valley of Mexico toward the end of the first millennium B.C., the ingenuity and foresightedness of Teotihuacán's elite, and, finally, the imp
第 10 題
In paragraph 2, the word ingenuity in the passage is closest in meaning to
(A) ambition
(B) cleverness
(C) faith
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本題考查對單字的理解。題目要求找出 "ingenuity" 在第二段中的最接近意義。
原文句為:「The exact role of other factors is much more difficult to pinpoint—for instance, Teotihuacán's religious significance as a shrine, the historical situation in and around the Valley of Mexico toward the end of the first millennium B.C., the ingenuity and foresightedness of Teotihuacán's elite, and, fi
第 11 題
Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 2 as a main factor in The development of Teotihuacán?
(A) The presence of obsidian in the Teotihuacán Valley
(B) The potential for extensive irrigation of Teotihuacán Valley lands
(C) A long period of volcanic inactivity in the Teotihuacán Valley
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本題考查對第二段內容的理解,要求找出哪個不是特奧蒂瓦坎發展的主要因素。
原文第二段提到:「Among the main factors are Teotihuacán's geographic location on a natural trade route to the south and east of the Valley of Mexico, the obsidian resources in the Teotihuacán Valley itself, and the valley's potential for extensive irrigation.」
這段話明確指出了三個主要因素:
- 地理位置(natural trade route)。
- 特奧蒂瓦坎谷地的黑曜石資源(obsidian resources)。因此,選項 (A) 是正確的。
- 該谷地進行廣泛灌溉的潛力(potential for extensive irrigation)。因此,選項 (B) 是正確的。
第 12 題
In paragraph 1, the phrase emerged from in the passage is closest in meaning to
(A) appear
(B) let it go
(C) show off
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本題考查對片語的理解。題目要求找出 "emerged from" 在第一段中的最接近意義。
原文句為:「When the Hawaiian Islands emerged from the sea as volcanoes, starting about five million years ago, they were far removed from other landm
第 13 題
In paragraph 2, the phrase at random in the passage is closest in meaning to
(A) over a long period of time
(B) successfully
(C) without a definite pattern
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本題考查對片語的理解。題目要求找出 "at random" 在第二段中的最接近意義。
原文句為:「Spores light enough to float on the breezes were carried thousands of miles from more ancient lands and deposited at random across the bare mountain flanks.」
第 14 題
It can be inferred from paragraph 2 that the fungi in lichens benefit from their symbiotic relationship with algae in what way?
(A) The algae help the fungi meet some of their energy needs.
(B) The algae protect the fungi from the Sun's radiation.
(C) The algae provide the fungi with greater space for absorbing water.
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本題考查對第二段內容的理解與推論。題目要求根據第二段內容推斷出地衣中的真菌從與藻類的共生關係中獲得了什麼益處。
第二段提到:「These are not single individual plants; each one is a symbiotic combination of an alga and a fungus. The algae capture the Sun's energy by photosynthesis and store it in organic molecules. The fungi absorb moisture and mineral salts from the rocks, passing these on in waste products that nourish algae.」
句意為:這不是單獨的植物;每一個都是藻類和真菌的共生組合。藻類通過光合作用捕捉太陽能,並將其儲存在有機分子中。真菌從岩石中吸收水分和礦物質鹽,並將這些物質作為廢物傳遞給藻類,滋養藻類。
從這段描述可以看出,藻類進行光合作用產生有機物(儲存太陽能),而真菌則從岩石中吸收水分和礦物質,並將這些廢物提供給藻類。這是一種互利共生的關係。
選項分析:
第 15 題
Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage?
(A) Some of the earliest important examples of symbiosis-the close cooperation of two or more living things-occur in island
communities.
(B) Symbiosis-the close cooperation of pairs or small groups of living organisms-is especially important in these island
environments.
(C) The first organisms on these islands worked together closely in a relationship known as symbiosis, which is particularly
important on islands.
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本題考查對高亮句子的理解,要求選出最能表達其核心資訊的句子。
原文高亮句子為:「It is significant that the earliest living things that built communities on these islands are examples of symbiosis, a phenomenon that depends upon the close cooperation of two or more forms of life and a principle that is very important in island communities.」
句意為:最早期在這些島嶼上建立群落的生物是共生現象的例子,這是一種依賴兩種或兩種以上生命形式緊密合作的現象,並且是島嶼群落中一個非常重要的原則。
核心資訊包含:
- 最早的生命形式是共生。
- 共生是一種緊密合作的現象。
- 共生在島嶼群落中非常重要。
選項分析:
(A) Some of the earliest important examples of symbiosis-the close cooperation of two or more living things-occur in island communities.
此選項提到「Some of the earliest important examples」,但原文強調的是「the earliest living things... are examples」,表示最早的生命形式本身就是共生。且「important」的強調程度與原文「significant」略有差異,但仍算接近。