114 年 國立臺灣大學漁業科學研究所《專業英文（L）》

本題考查單字辨識能力。文章第一段提到深海「crushing pressures」，意指深海的巨大壓力。
(1) overwhelming (壓倒性的，無法抵擋的)：雖然深海壓力巨大，但「overwhelming」更常用於描述情感或情況，而非物理壓力。

本題考查單字辨識能力。文章第二段提到「Chemosynthetic bacteria form the base of these ecosystems, using the chemicals in vent fluids to produce energy—a process analogous to photosynthesis in plants.」這裡將化學合成（chemosynthesis）比喻為植物的光合作用。
「Analogous」意為「類似的，相當的」。

本題考查對文章內容的理解。文章第二段提到「Deep-sea hydrothermal vents are among the most remarkable discoveries. These vents release mineral-rich fluids that can reach temperatures over 400°C. Despite the hostile conditions, they support complex ecosystems. Chemosynthetic bacteria form the base of these ecosystems, using the chemicals in vent fluids to produce energy—a process analogous to photosynthesis in plants.」

本題考查對文章內容的細節理解。文章第三段描述了深海生物的適應性：「Many deep-sea organisms exhibit extraordinary adaptations. For example, some fish possess bioluminescent organs to attract prey or communicate. Others have elongated, sharp teeth and extendable stomachs

本題考查單字辨識能力。文章第四段提到「Human activities pose significant threats to these fragile ecosystems.」這裡的「fragile」用來形容深海生態系統。
「Fragile」的意思是「脆弱的，易碎的」。

本題考查作者意圖的判斷。文章最後一段（第四段）指出「Human activities pose significant threats to these fragile ecosystems. Deep-sea mining and plastic pollution have reached even the most remote ocean depths, endangering the delicate balance of these habitats.」

本題考查對文章內容的理解。文章第一段提到「Characterized by perpetual darkness, freezing temperatures, and crushing pressures, the deep sea was once thought to be devoid of life. However, modern exploration has revealed a diverse array of species thriving in this extreme environment.」
這段話點出了深海探索的重要性：它證明了生命可以在極端環境中生存，這顛覆了過去的認知。

本題考查單字辨識能力。文章第二段（第二篇閱讀文章的第一段）提到「Surrounded by the Pacific Ocean and located near abundant fishing grounds, Taiwan has access to diverse marine resources.」這裡的「abundant」用來形容「fishing grounds」（漁場）。

本題考查對文章內容的理解。文章第二段提到「Taiwan is one of the leading tuna exporters in the world, with markets stretching to Japan, the United States, and Eu

本題考查單字辨識能力與上下文理解。文章第三段提到「In response, the government has implemented stricter regulations, including fishing quotas and closed seasons, to protect marine biodiversity and ensure the industry's sustainability.」
這裡的「sustainability」指的是漁業產業能夠長久持續發展的能力。為了達成此目標，政府實施了配額和禁漁期等規定，目的是保護海洋生物多樣性。這意味著要確保魚類資源不會枯竭，以便未來也能繼續捕撈。

本題考查對文章內容的細節理解。文章第三段提到「Despite its economic importance, the fishing industry in Taiwan faces significant challenges. Overfishing, marine pollution, and climate change have led to declining fish stocks.」
文中明確提及的挑戰有：
(1) Overfishing (過度捕撈)

本題考查對文章內容的理解。文章第四段提到「Taiwan's commitment to sustainable fishing has also gained international recognition. Partnerships with organizations like the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) have helped Taiwan adopt global best practices in fisheries management.」

本題考查對文章內容的判斷。文章最後一段（第四段）提到「However, balancing economic growth with ecological conservation remains a pressing issue.」
這句話直接點明，經濟成長與生態保育之間的平衡，是一個「持續存在且緊迫的問題」（remains a pressing issue）。

(1) minor concern for the Taiwanese government (台灣政府的一個次要考量)：文章稱其為「pressing issue」，顯然不是次要問題。

本題考查英文文法。我們逐一檢視各選項：
(1) "Taiwan, which is located in East Asia, are famous for its fishing industry"
- 主詞是 "Taiwan"，單數。
- 關係子句 "which is located in East Asia" 沒問題。
- 主要動詞應該是 "is"，而非 "are"。
- 修正後應為："Taiwan, which is located in East Asia, is famous for its fishing industry."
(2) "Small-scale fishers uses traditional methods to catch fish"
- 主詞是 "Small-scale fishers"，複數。
- 動詞 "uses" 應為複數形式 "use"。
- 修正後應為："Small-scale fishers use traditional methods to catch fish."

本題考查動詞詞性與句型。句子的結構是 "encourage someone to do something"。
"Encourage" 後面接名詞 "fishers" (對象)，然後是不定詞片語 "to + 原形動詞"，表示鼓勵的對象去做某事。

本大題要求根據提供的長條圖和圖說，用英文描述實驗結果。圖表顯示了五種基因 (SOD, LZM, proPO, HSP70, LGBP) 在五種不同處理組 (LA, PE, EN, FL, CO) 下的相對表現水準。圖說提供了各組別的詳細說明，並指出不同字母標示表示 P<0.05 的顯著差異。

以下為根據圖表和圖說所撰寫的英文描述，重點在於比較各組別的基因表現，並指出顯著差異：

General Observation:
The bar chart illustrates the relative expression levels of five genes (SOD, LZM, proPO, HSP70, and LGBP) in the hepatopancreas of shrimp under different dietary treatments. The control group (CO) represents shrimp fed a basal diet without probiotics or florfenicol. The LA, PE, and EN groups were supplemented with live cells of Lactobacillus plantarum W2, Pediococcus acidilactici Nj, and Enterococcus faecium LYB, respectively, at a dose of $1 \times 10^{10}$ cfu kg$^{-1}$ feed. The FL group received 15 mg kg$^{-1}$ florfenicol for 7 days within a 14-day interval. Different letters above the bars indicate statistically significant differences (P<0.05) between groups.

Specific Gene Expression Analysis:

• SOD (Superoxide Dismutase):
  The expression level of SOD was significantly higher in the LA group compared to the CO group. The PE and EN groups also showed higher SOD expression than the CO group, although the difference might not be significant between PE and CO (indicated by 'b' in PE vs 'a' in CO). The FL group showed a lower expression level than the LA group, but similar to or higher than the CO group.

• LZM (Lysozyme):
  LZM expression was significantly increased in the LA, PE, and EN groups compared to the CO group. The highest expression was observed in the PE group, followed by EN and then LA. The FL group showed a lower expression than the probiotic groups but was

本題為一篇短文寫作題，要求考生針對「英文對於研究所學習是否重要」這個問題，提出自己的看法並加以論述。以下提供一個範文，考生可參考其結構與論點，並融入自己的經驗與觀點。

Essay Topic: Is English important for graduate studies? Why or why not?

Sample Essay:

English plays an undeniably crucial role in the pursuit of graduate studies in today's interconnected academic world. Its importance stems from several key factors, encompassing access to information, communication, and career prospects.

Firstly, the vast majority of cutting-edge research, academic journals, and scholarly books are published in English. To stay abreast of the latest developments in one's field, a strong command of English is indispensable. Without it, students would be severely limited to resources available in their native language, potentially missing out on groundbreaking discoveries and diverse perspectives. For instance, attending international conferences or accessing online databases often requires English proficiency to understand presentations, read research papers, and engage in discussions with global scholars.

Secondly, English serves as the lingua franca of international scientific and academic communication. Graduate students are increasingly expected to collaborate with peers and researchers from around the globe. Whether it is through emails, video calls, or joint research projects, English facilitates seamless interaction and knowledge exchange. Presenting one's own research findings at international forums or publishing in prestigious overseas journals also necessitates strong English writing and speaking skills.

Furthermore, proficiency in English significantly enhances career opportunities after graduation. Many multinational corporations, research institutions, and even local companies oper