113 年 國立臺灣大學漁業科學研究所《專業英文（L）》
第 1 題
In paragraph 1, the word "pattern" in the passage does not close in meaning to
(1) form
(2) shape
(3) function
(4) sort
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本題考查對 "pattern" 一字的理解。在第一段中，"pattern" 被用來描述一種氣候現象的「模式」或「規律」，例如 "climate pattern"。
(1) form (形式): "pattern" 可以指一種形式，與題意相符。
(2) shape (形狀): "pattern" 也可以指一種形狀或格局，與題意相符。
第 2 題
In paragraph 2, the word "intervals" in the passage is closest in meaning to
(1) hiatus
(2) numbers
(3) records
(4) cycles
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核心觀念
本題考查字義判斷與語境中的同義詞辨識。
interval 作名詞時，主要指兩件事、兩個事件或兩個時間點之間的「間隔、間歇期間」。在文章描述某種現象「每隔一段時間發生」或「事件之間暫停一段時間」時，通常可理解為一段空檔或中斷期間。
選項中最接近此義的是 hiatus，意為「間歇、停頓、中斷期間」。
解題方法
先將句中的 intervals 代換成「間隔期間」：
- 若指兩次事件之間經過的時間，為「間隔」。
- 若指活動暫停或現象中斷的期間，則可譯為「間歇、停頓」。
再比較各選項的核心語意，尋找同樣表示「中斷期間」或「空檔」的字，即可選出正確答案。
選項分析
(1) hiatus
hiatus 指「中斷、停頓、間歇期間」，例如工作或活動暫停的一段時間。
其語意與 intervals 的「間隔、間歇」最接近，因此正確。
(2) numbers
第 3 題
In paragraph 2, the word "predictable" in the passage is closest in meaning to
(1) initiation
(2) pilot
(3) preliminary
(4) foreseeable
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本題考查對 "predictable" 一字的理解。在第二段中，"predictable" 指的是可以被預測的。原文說 "El Niño is not a regular cycle, or predictable in the sense that ocean tides are." (聖嬰現象不是一個規律的週期，或像潮汐一樣可以被預測。)
第 4 題
In paragraph 3, the word "indigenous" in the passage does not close in meaning to
(1) aboriginal
(2) original
(3) native
(4) exotic
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本題考查對 "indigenous" 一字的理解。在第三段中，"indigenous Peruvians" 指的是秘魯的原住民。 "Indigenous" 的意思是「本地的」、「土著的」。
(1) aboriginal (原住民的): 與 "indigenous" 意思非常接近。
第 5 題
In paragraph 3, the word "irregular" in the passage is closest in meaning to
(1) normal
(2) capricious
(3) constant
(4) steady
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本題考查對 "irregular" 一字的理解。在第三段中，"describe irregular and intense climate changes" (描述不規律且劇烈的氣候變化)。 "Irregular" 的意思是「不規律的」、「不規則的」。
第 6 題
In paragraph 4, the word "simultaneously" in the passage is closest in meaning to
(1) regularly
(2) suddenly
(3) asynchronously
(4) together
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本題考查對 "simultaneously" 一字的理解。在第四段中，"climatologists determined that El Niño occurs simultaneously with the Southern Oscillation." (氣候學家確定聖嬰現象與南方震盪同時發生。) "Simultaneously" 的意思是「同時地」。
第 7 題
In paragraph 4, the word "interchangeably" in the passage does not close in meaning to
(1) vice versa
(2) mutually
(3) intensively
(4) reciprocally
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本題考查對 "interchangeably" 一字的理解。在第四段中，"Today, most scientists use the terms El Niño and ENSO interchangeably." (如今，大多數科學家將聖嬰現象和ENSO這兩個術語互換使用。) "Interchangeably" 的意思是「可互換地」、「可以互相替代地」。
第 8 題
In paragraph 5, the word "moderate" in the passage is closest in meaning to
(1) mitigate
(2) aggravate
(3) incite
(4) magnify
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核心觀念
本題考查字義判斷與同義字辨識。moderate 作動詞時，意為「使緩和、減輕、降低強度」，相當於 mitigate。
若搭配問題、衝突、影響、風險等名詞，moderate 通常表示使其程度變小，而不是加劇或擴大。
解題方法
先判斷選項的詞性與語意方向：
moderate：使緩和、減輕- 題目中的四個選項皆為動詞，因此應以動詞義比較。
- 尋找與「降低負面程度」相同的選項，即可判定答案。
mitigate 意為「緩和、減輕、減少某種不良影響」，與動詞 moderate 的語意最接近。
選項分析
(1) mitigate：正確
mitigate 表示「減輕、緩和、使不良情況變得不嚴重」。例如：
- mitigate the impact：減輕影響
- mitigate the risk：降低風險
- mitigate the problem：緩和問題
第 9 題
The phrase "impose on" in the passage is closest in meaning to
(1) increase for
(2) remove from
(3) place on
(4) distribute to
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本題考查對片語 "impose on" 的理解。在第二段中，"Many signals that animals make seem to impose on the signalers costs that are overly damaging." (動物發出的許多訊號似乎會對訊號發出者施加過於有害的成本。) "Impose on" 在這裡的意思是「施加（負擔、壓力等）在...身上」。
(1) increase for (增加給): 語意不符。
(2) remove from (從...移除): 與 "impose on" 的意思相反。
第 10 題
According to paragraph 1, the experiment with tapes of begging tree swallows establishes which of the following?
(1) Begging by nestling birds can attract the attention of predators to the nest.
(2) Nest predators attack nests that contain nestlings more frequently than they attack nests that contain only eggs.
(3) Tapes of begging nestlings attract predators to the nest less frequently than real begging calls do.
(4) Nest predators have no other means of locating bird nests except the begging calls of nestling birds.
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本題考查對第一段實驗結果的理解。第一段描述了這樣一個實驗：「when tapes of begging tree swallows were played at an artificial swallow nest containing an egg, the egg in that 'noisy' nest was taken or destroyed by predators before the egg in a nearby quiet nest in 29 of 37 trials.」 (當將鳴叫的樹燕幼鳥的錄音播放到一個含有鳥蛋的人工燕巢中時，有 37 次試驗中有 29 次，該「吵鬧」巢中的鳥蛋在附近一個安靜的巢中的鳥蛋被掠食者取走或破壞。)
這個實驗的目的是證明幼鳥的乞食叫聲會吸引掠食者。
(1) Begging by nestling birds can attract the attention of predators to the nest. (幼鳥的乞食行為會吸引掠食者注意巢穴。) 這與實驗結果一致，實驗證明了吵鬧的巢穴（有乞食叫聲的錄音）比安靜的巢穴更容易被掠食者發現。
第 11 題
The word "artificial" in the passage is closest in meaning to
(1) attractive
(2) not real
(3) short-term
(4) well designed
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本題考查對 "artificial" 一字的理解。在第二段中，"David Haskell created artificial nests with clay eggs..." (David Haskell 製作了帶有黏土鳥蛋的人工巢穴...) "Artificial" 的意思是「人造的」、「非天然的」。
第 12 題
Paragraph 2 indicates that the begging calls of tree nesting warblers
(1) put them at more risk than ground-nesting warblers experience
(2) can be heard from a greater distance than those of ground-nesting warblers
(3) are more likely to conceal the signaler than those of ground-nesting warblers
(4) have higher frequencies than those of ground nesting warblers
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本題考查對第二段關於樹棲築巢鶯（tree-nesting warblers）和地面築巢鶯（ground-nesting warblers）乞食叫聲的比較。
原文提到：「The young of ground-nesting warblers produce begging cheeps of higher frequencies than do their tree-nesting relatives. These higher-frequency sounds do not travel as far, and so may better conceal the individuals producing them, who are especially vulnerable to predators in their ground nests.」 (地面築巢鶯的幼鳥發出的乞食叫聲頻率比牠們的樹棲親戚更高。這些較高頻率的聲音傳播得不那麼遠，因此可能更好地隱藏發出牠們的個體，牠們在地面巢穴中特別容易受到掠食者的威脅。)
根據這段敘述：
- 地面築巢鶯的乞食叫聲頻率較高。
- 較高頻率的聲音傳播距離較短。
- 較高頻率的聲音可能更好地隱藏發出者。
現在我們來分析選項：
(1) put them at more risk than ground-nesting warblers experience (使牠們面臨比地面築巢鶯更大的
第 13 題
The experiment described in paragraph 2 supports which of the following conclusions?
(1) Predators are unable to distinguish between the begging cheeps of ground-nesting and those of tree-nesting warblers
except by the differing frequencies of the calls.
(2) When they can find them, predators prefer the eggs of tree-nesting warblers to those of ground-nesting warblers.
(3) The higher frequencies of the begging cheeps of ground-nesting warblers are an adaptation to the threat that
ground-nesting birds face from predators
(4) The danger of begging depends more on the frequency of the begging cheep than on how loud it is.
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本題考查第二段實驗所支持的結論。第二段描述了 David Haskell 的實驗，他將錄有樹棲築巢鶯或地面築巢鶯乞食叫聲的錄音帶放在人工巢穴的黏土鳥蛋旁邊。實驗結果是，被樹棲築巢鶯叫聲「廣告」的鳥蛋被咬的次數明顯多於被地面築巢鶯叫聲「廣告」的鳥蛋。
原文也提到：「The young of ground-nesting warblers produce begging cheeps of higher frequencies than do their tree-nesting relatives. These higher-frequency sounds do not travel as far, and so may better conceal the individuals producing them, who are especially vulnerable to predators in their ground nests.」 (地面築巢鶯的幼鳥發出的乞食叫聲頻率比牠們的樹棲親戚更高。這些較高頻率的聲音傳播得不那麼遠，因此可能更好地隱藏發出牠們的個體，牠們在地面巢穴中特別容易受到掠食者的威脅。)
現在分析選項：
(1) Predators are unable to distinguish between the begging cheeps of ground-nesting and those of tree-nesting warblers except by the differing frequencies of the calls. (掠食者除了透過叫聲頻率的差異外，無法區分地面築巢鶯和樹棲築巢鶯的乞食叫聲。) 實驗證明了不同叫聲（頻率）會導致不同的結果（鳥蛋被攻擊的機率），這暗示了掠食者能夠區分，而頻率是關鍵因素。
第 14 題
The word "prediction" in the passage is closest in meaning to
(1) surprise
(2) discovery
(3) explanation
(4) expectation
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本題考查對 "prediction" 一字的理解。在第三段中，"The hypothesis that begging calls have evolved properties that reduce their potential for attracting predators yields a prediction: baby birds of species that experience high rates of nest predation should produce softer begging signals of higher frequency than nestlings of other species less often victimized by
第 15 題
The word "pinpoint" in the passage is closest in meaning to
(1) observe
(2) locate exactly
(3) copy accurately
(4) recognize
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本題考查對 "pinpoint" 一字的理解。在第三段中，"more evidence that predator pressure favors the evolution of begging calls that are hard to detect and pinpoint." (更多證據表明掠食者壓力有利於演化出難以偵測和精確定位的乞食叫聲。) "Pinpoint" 的意思是「精確地定位」、「精確地指出」。
第 16 題
Figure legend: Immunoblots of Atg5, LC3-I, and LC3-II protein expression from Stichopus japonicus intestinal tissue after UV
treatment. The β -actin was used as the loading control. (A) The protein expressions result detected by Western blot. (B) Relative
quantitative analysis of Atg5 and LC3 were normalized by B-actin. The "*" means different to the fresh group (P<0.05) and
"**"means group (P < 0.01).
What kind of learning abilities and attitudes do you think a master's degree student should possess? Please answer in English.
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此題為第三大題的問答題，要求以英文回答。題目問及「您認為碩士班學生應該具備何種學習能力與態度？」這是一個開放性問題，旨在評估考生的思考、組織和表達能力。以下提供一個範例回答，考生可以根據自身理解進行調整。
Sample Answer:
A master's degree student should possess a strong foundation in critical thinking and analytical skills. This includes the ability to not only absorb and understand complex information but also to question, evaluate, and synthesize it. They should be adept at identifying research gaps and formulating relevant research questions.
Furthermore, a master's student needs to demonstrate a high degree of self-discipline and motivation. Graduate studies often require independent work, time management, and perseverance through challenges. Proactive engagement with the material, seeking out opportunities for deeper learning, and taking initiative in research projects are crucial.
An essential attitude is intellectual curiosity and a genuine passion for their field of study. This drives them to explore new ideas, embrace intellectual challenges, and contribute meaningfully to their discipline. Humility and openness to feedback are also vital, as they are essential for growth and collaboration. Finally, a