108 年 國立中正大學碩士班共同科目《英文》

A group of artificial intelligence researchers recently ______ a report that described how increasingly
affordable AI technologies could be used for malicious purposes.
(A) released
(B) piled
(C) transmitted
(D) relieved

New AI systems sometimes ______ strange and unexpected behavior because the way they learn from
large amounts of data is not entirely understood.
(A) issue
(B) disclose
(C) exhibit
(D) reveal

While leading household brands and tech giants have been competing to dominate the kitchen with
internet-connected ______, the "smart kitchen" remains a tough sell.
(A) appliances
(B) functions
(C) campaigns
(D) gears

______ speed continues to be a persistent factor in motor vehicle crashes each year; it's involved in
nearly one third of all deaths. And little progress has been made to reduce speeding-related crashes,
because the issue does not receive the attention it should.
(A) Flexible
(B) Excessive
(C) Durable
(D) Secure

When photos began ______ of migrant children separated from their parents and placed in what looked
like giant cages in detention centers, some young novelists had an immediate response.
(A) searching
(B) approaching
(C) alerting
(D) circulating

When a degree today is unlikely to be enough for the challenges of tomorrow, some community
colleges and universities have worked together to train the ______ needed for technology of the future.
(A) workloads
(B) credentials
(C) workforces
(D) measurements

Nutrition experts have long debated whether there is an ideal diet that humans ______ to eat. But a
study published found that there is likely no single natural diet that is best for human health.
(A) evolved
(B) projected
(C) estimated
(D) constructed

A new study has found that in casual interactions, people almost always complied with requests for
help, but they were ______ thanked - in about 1 of 20 occasions, nor did they seem to expect it.
(A) rarely
(B) unconvincingly
(C) approximately
(D) temporarily

The pain and fear around childhood vaccinations contributes to the development of needle phobias,
which can make people ______ to get flu shots and other potentially lifesaving vaccines.
(A) declined
(B) incapable
(C) reluctant
(D) incompetent

A report warns that unless humanity takes forceful actions to control carbon emissions, some places
could face ______ natural disasters. For example, many Southeast Asian countries battled tropical
storms, floods, and earthquakes at the same time in 2018.
(A) reputable
(B) simultaneous
(C) fundamental
(D) progressive

Many wealthy countries' reduced carbon emissions are in fact a result of 'outsourcing' a large
proportion of their carbon pollution overseas, by importing goods rather than producing them ______.
(A) conventionally
(B) domestically
(C) collectively
(D) universally

Climate-related crises such as droughts have pushed millions of the world's poorest to the edge of
survival. More than 650,000 children under five in West Africa, for example, are ______, malnourished.
(A) irregularly
(B) distinctively
(C) severely
(D) promptly

Noise that humans create can be dangerous to animals who rely on hearing to seek their ______ and
avoid predators.
(A) temptation
(B) trail
(C) entity
(D) prey

Hundreds of authors of children's books ______ under the banner in cities including San Francisco,
New York and Pittsburgh, for the welfare of children.
(A) distributed
(B) obstructed
(C) marched
(D) detected

Fine particles (PM2.5) ______ a great health risk because they can get deep into lungs and some may
even get into the bloodstream.
(A) adopt
(B) pose
(C) reveal
(D) abide

Governments and technology companies must find a way to educate users young and old - about
what's real and what's fake. Part of this is about encouraging users to research issues ______
themselves.
(A) terminate
(B) dislocate
(C) disrupt
(D) decipher

The ______ of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0) are bringing rapid disruptions and great
uncertainty. Industries are being reshaped across the globe.
(A) advances
(B) ambiguities
(C) restorations
(D) engagements

Since too much eye contact can make people uncomfortable, psychologists who tried to ______ the
preferred length of eye contact concluded that, on average, it is three seconds long.
(A) process
(B) access
(C) separate
(D) establish

A psychologist suggests that short periods of boredom can encourage the minds to wander and
daydream and thus increases the ______ of finding creative solutions.
(A) probability
(B) tendency
(C) incident
(D) range

The Global CEO Index shows that in the United States, top CEOs need less than two days to earn
more than a worker's ______.
(A) allocated
(B) annual
(C) universal
(D) reliable

Our relationship with exercise is complicated. Research shows it is something we persistently struggle
with. Why do we want to exercise? We all know we are supposed to be exercising, (21) ______ hundreds of
millions of us can't face actually doing it. It is just possible the problem lies (22) ______ the heart of the
idea of exercise itself.
(A) besides
(B) but
(C) even if
(D) despite

Our relationship with exercise is complicated. Research shows it is something we persistently struggle
with. Why do we want to exercise? We all know we are supposed to be exercising, (21) ______ hundreds of
millions of us can't face actually doing it. It is just possible the problem lies (22) ______ the heart of the
idea of exercise itself.
(A) of
(B) as
(C) at
(D) to

Exercise is movement of the muscles and limbs for a specific outcome, usually to ______ physical fitness.
(A) supplement
(B) extend
(C) highlight
(D) enhance

As such, for most of us, it is an optional (24) ______ to the working day.
(A) chemical
(B) addition
(C) additive
(D) composition

Thus, at the end of the working day, millions of us prefer to indulge in sedentary leisure activities (25) ______ we all think is good for us: a workout.
(A) instead of
(B) due to
(C) used as
(D) substitute for

Food really is the best preventive medicine. We see this in real life when we look at the cultures that live
the longest. Though they're (26) ______, the world- (27) ______ Okinawa, Japan, to Greece, to Sardinia,
Italy-they all have one thing (28) ______.
(A) distributed to
(B) extended to
(C) exposed from
(D) scattered around

Food really is the best preventive medicine. We see this in real life when we look at the cultures that live
the longest. Though they're (26) ______, the world- (27) ______ Okinawa, Japan, to Greece, to Sardinia,
Italy-they all have one thing (28) ______.
(A) on
(B) from
(C) at
(D) in

Food really is the best preventive medicine. We see this in real life when we look at the cultures that live
the longest. Though they're (26) ______, the world- (27) ______ Okinawa, Japan, to Greece, to Sardinia,
Italy-they all have one thing (28) ______.
(A) falling apart
(B) in common
(C) engaged in
(D) in use

Generally, in these communities, (29) ______ it's not uncommon to live to be 100, people eat loads of whole fruits and vegetables, plenty of fish and olive oil, beans, whole grains, minimal red meat, and maybe drink some red wine in (30) ______.
(A) which
(B) in case that
(C) where
(D) in order that

Generally, in these communities, (29) ______ it's not uncommon to live to be 100, people eat loads of whole fruits and vegetables, plenty of fish and olive oil, beans, whole grains, minimal red meat, and maybe drink some red wine in (30) ______.
(A) depth
(B) temperature
(C) moderation
(D) contribution

Australia has a complicated relationship with its national symbol. Kangaroos are among the world's most
iconic species--the bounding emblems of the country's unique biodiversity. But there are twice (31) ______
many kangaroos as people in Australia, and many Aussies consider them pests.
(A) like
(B) as
(C) of
(D) than

Landholding farmers say that the country's estimated 50 million kangaroos damage their crops and compete with livestock for (32) ______ resources.
(A) scarce
(B) concerned
(C) random
(D) preserved

In the (33) ______ of traditional predators such as dingoes and Aboriginal hunters, the thinking goes,
killing kangaroos is crucial to balancing the ecology.
(A) wilderness
(B) midst
(C) absence
(D) location

So in many ways, the controversy boils down to a root question: What is a kangaroo? To some, it's a pest to be eliminated. To others, it's a beloved native animal to be (35) ______. But a growing number of scientists argue that population estimates are highly (34) ______ as kangaroo populations can expand by only 10 to 15 percent a year, under the best of circumstances.
(A) skeptical
(B) debatable
(C) intolerable
(D) fundamental

So in many ways, the controversy boils down to a root question: What is a kangaroo? To some, it's a pest to be eliminated. To others, it's a beloved native animal to be (35) ______. But a growing number of scientists argue that population estimates are highly (34) ______ as kangaroo populations can expand by only 10 to 15 percent a year, under the best of circumstances.
(A) reserved
(B) collected
(C) recommended
(D) conserved

Which of the followings is closest in meaning to the word "vibrant" in the passage?
(A) respective
(B) prosperous
(C) likely
(D) lively

Which of the followings is closest in meaning to the word "enforcement" in the passage?
(A) consequence
(B) claim
(C) implementation
(D) outcome

Which of the followings is NOT one of the reasons for the increase of tourists?
(A) Cheap airfares.
(B) Cultural treasures.
(C) Easy to cross borders in Europe.
(D) Inexpensive accommodation.

What causes over-tourism in tourist attractions globally, according to the passage?
(A) Technology.
(B) Rich cultures.
(C) Art scenes.
(D) Historic centers.

What can be inferred from the passage?
(A) Tourists will be trained if they have misconduct.
(B) It is important to collect high fines.
(C) The measures to control misconduct are effective.
(D) It is important for tourists to respect the local rules.

Which of the followings is closest in meaning to the word "longevity" in the passage?
(A) stable life
(B) long life
(C) afterlife
(D) lifecycle

Which of the followings is closest in meaning to the word "flawed" in the passage?
(A) fluctuating
(B) insecure
(C) unbalanced
(D) imperfect

Why was Jeanne Calment mentioned?
(A) Her age was not real.
(B) She was the oldest in France.
(C) She didn't reach a fixed life span limit.
(D) She was the oldest human whose age was well-
documented.

What can be inferred from the following statement?
"...people that old often lose track of how long they've actually lived."
(A) People are lost if they get old.
(B) It takes long to know the age.
(C) They are too old to remember their ages.
(D) It is difficult to find the age record of very old
people.

Which of the followings is NOT one of the reasons why humans can live longer?
(A) No biological limit.
(B) Public health.
(C) Sanitation.
(D) Food supplies.

The United States ______. If the problem is not addressed or most Americans are not
aware of the nature of the problem, it will continue to worsen severely. Fire statistics show that the
USA lags behind its peer nations in fire security. Each year, there are hundreds of fires, thousands of
deaths, tens of thousands of injuries, and billions of dollars lost in the country. These figures far
exceed comparable statistics for other industrialized countries.
(A) organizes a long-term project
(B) is under far-reaching change
(C) faces a national security challenge
(D) has a disastrous fire problem

Animals' sleeping habits ______. They differ according to what time of day they sleep.
Some animals sleep during daylight hours while others sleep during darkness. They also differ in the
length of time they sleep. Other animals sleep for weeks or months at a time when they sleep
through the winter.
(A) vary in a number of ways
(B) create different ecological systems
(C) change with their environment
(D) develop with their surroundings

Fresh water is ______ in developing countries. More than one billion people still lack
access to safe drinking water, about three billion do not have access to adequate sanitation services,
and about two million deaths each year are traced to waterborne diseases. Thus, water there is
especially costly or inaccessible to the poorest, while the rich there have it piped into their homes. In
addition, because of the infrastructure used to control water, whole seas are being lost, rivers are
running dry, or millions of people have been displaced to make room for dams to reserve water.
(A) a serious distress
(B) a limiting resource
(C) a competitive advantage
(D) an startling phenomenon

In order to be successful in academic study, college students need to ______ available in
the university. One important resource that all college students should use is tutorial services.
Another important resource is frequent use of the library. In addition to using tutoring services and
the library, college students should consult with their advisor regularly to monitor their learning of
disciplinary knowledge or professional skills.
(A) develop academic skills
(B) observe learning progress
(C) utilize the resources
(D) apply professional knowledge

Course requirements in university systems ______ in different countries around the
world. In most of the European universities, students are not required to attend classes. However,
students in the United States are required to attend all classes and may be penalized if they do not.
Besides, in the European system, students usually have to take one comprehensive examination at
the end of the entire four or five years of study. But, there are usually numerous quizzes,
assignments, or final papers in each course at the end of the semester in the university systems in the
United States.
(A) should be reformed drastically
(B) will be transformed steadily
(C) may reshape education comprehensively
(D) can differ considerably