113 年 國立中正大學碩士班共同科目《英文》

Potatoes are inexpensive and found year-round in grocery stores, making them more ____.
(A) restricted
(B) accessible
(C) extensive
(D) privileged

The bottom-line dietary guidance remains ____. This advice worked 70 years ago, and it still does today.
(A) efficient
(B) regular
(C) reliable
(D) consistent

California is in the fourth year of a severe drought and state officials ordered residents to ____ water or face consequences.
(A) lessen
(B) conserve
(C) reserve
(D) condense

Scientists are now predicting that mammals may have only another 250 million years left because the planet might become too hot for them to ____.
(A) survive
(B) resist
(C) persist
(D) preserve

People should identify the stress reduction methods that work best for them, especially for people who have been ____ to intense, long-term stress.
(A) detected
(B) secured
(C) exposed
(D) supposed

Workers can become burned out and may dislike their assignments and co-workers. They might feel ____ and ineffective, like they just can't get anything done.
(A) vibrant
(B) irritable
(C) dynamic
(D) animated

Burnout gets better when you step away from work. By taking vacation time or a mental health day, you feel at least slightly ____ and regain your energy.
(A) returned
(B) renovated
(C) renewed
(D) recharged

Exercise can help ____ work-related tension. By exercise, you can step away from screens, and give yourself a few quiet moments without distractions.
(A) relieve
(B) discard
(C) reject
(D) facilitate

About four in 10 adults are at high ____ for vision loss, but many eye conditions are treatable or preventable.
(A) density
(B) peril
(C) risk
(D) hazard

Too much UV light exposure can also increase the risk for developing cancers in the eye. Wearing sunglasses that ____ UV rays can offer protection.
(A) halt
(B) suspend
(C) terminate
(D) block

While a diet full of carrots won't give us perfect vision, evidence suggests that the ____ in them are good for eye health.
(A) supplies
(B) organisms
(C) nutrients
(D) components

Researchers have been ____ the benefits and harms of drinking coffee by conducting experiments related to the stomach.
(A) requesting
(B) perceiving
(C) witnessing
(D) investigating

If you drink coffee with caffeine too close to bedtime, it can ____ your sleep and it may cause sleep loss.
(A) interfere
(B) disrupt
(C) restrict
(D) suspend

Most people will benefit from consuming more fiber, and good ____ of fiber include whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and peas.
(A) origins
(B) properties
(C) sources
(D) resources

By the 1980s, federal health experts claimed that there was no solid ____ that a low-fat diet would prevent issues like overweight and obesity.
(A) evidence
(B) announcement
(C) authorization
(D) permission

It can be hard to set ____ between work and your personal life, especially when we are working from home or constantly available via email.
(A) restrictions
(B) margins
(C) boundaries
(D) borders

Companies increased meetings during the height of the Covid-19 pandemic to stay connected to workers, many of whom were ____ to their homes.
(A) inhibited
(B) regulated
(C) confined
(D) reserved

It is hard to say which mode of transport is the most ____ because prices vary widely for both train trips and flights according to many factors, such as dates or classes of services.
(A) competent
(B) original
(C) resourceful
(D) economical

The most effective strategies to build business culture is to give leaders responsibility for ____ the plan in a strategic way and to allow employees to take ownership.
(A) executing
(B) entitling
(C) manufacturing
(D) associating

Leaders of the company encourage people to ____ or cancel meetings they don't consider valuable to make employees feeling productive if the agenda is light.
(A) summarize
(B) contract
(C) decline
(D) moderate

Japan's labour shortage forces it to rethink gender stereotypes. As a truck driver, Mayumi found it strange, as all her colleagues were men. Reading routes in the days before Google Maps was not the only aspect of the job (21) ____ which she struggled.
(A) to
(B) by
(C) for
(D) with

Japan's labour shortage forces it to rethink gender stereotypes. As a truck driver, Mayumi found it strange, as all her colleagues were men. Reading routes in the days before Google Maps was not the only aspect of the job which she struggled. It wasn't the sort of environment (22) ____ women could work comfortably.
(A) which
(B) where
(C) what
(D) that

Japan's labour shortage forces it to rethink gender stereotypes. As a truck driver, Mayumi found it strange, as all her colleagues were men. Reading routes in the days before Google Maps was not the only aspect of the job which she struggled. It wasn't the sort of environment where women could work comfortably. Now toilet (23) ____ have improved and enhanced seat design have made her job much easier.
(A) conveniences
(B) devices
(C) facilities
(D) appliances

Japan's labour shortage forces it to rethink gender stereotypes. As a truck driver, Mayumi found it strange, as all her colleagues were men. Reading routes in the days before Google Maps was not the only aspect of the job which she struggled. It wasn't the sort of environment where women could work comfortably. Now toilet facilities have improved and enhanced seat design have made her job much easier. Besides, her company is starting to customize their vehicles to better (24) ____ female drivers.
(A) accommodate
(B) accumulate
(C) implement
(D) assemble

Japan's labour shortage forces it to rethink gender stereotypes. As a truck driver, Mayumi found it strange, as all her colleagues were men. Reading routes in the days before Google Maps was not the only aspect of the job which she struggled. It wasn't the sort of environment where women could work comfortably. Now toilet facilities have improved and enhanced seat design have made her job much easier. Besides, her company is starting to customize their vehicles to better accommodate female drivers. Now it's far more normal to see women drivers, and male drivers are (25) ____ it.
(A) getting used by
(B) used by
(C) using to
(D) getting used to

Since the height of the pandemic, there has been a cultural shift in the way we talk about mental health. It's as though the years of (26) ____ and uncertainty, caused by Covid-19, helped us understand (27) ____ vital our emotional needs were to our overall well-being.
(A) preservation
(B) departure
(C) shelter
(D) isolation

Since the height of the pandemic, there has been a cultural shift in the way we talk about mental health. It's as though the years of (26) ____ and uncertainty, caused by Covid-19, helped us understand (27) ____ vital our emotional needs were to our overall well-being.
(A) what
(B) which
(C) why
(D) how

Now that we're paying more attention to our inner lives, it's also essential that we (28) ____ action.
(A) take
(B) form
(C) make
(D) create

Fortunately, there are a number of things that everyone can do to (29) ____ their mental health and find moments of joy.
(A) withstand
(B) tolerate
(C) nourish
(D) survive

For example, try a (30) ____ way to sleep better, learn how to tell whether your anxiety is protective or problematic, and then stop the worry cycle.
(A) proving
(B) proven
(C) prove
(D) to prove

Oceans and forests, known as the Earth's vital lungs, play key roles in fighting climate change. These ecosystems share similarities and challenges. (A). Both serve as the planet's carbon absorbers. Oceans absorb about 30% of carbon emissions from human activities every year. This absorption occurs mainly through photosynthesis by plant-like organisms, called phytoplankton. Forests, on the other hand, absorb significant amounts of CO2, ranging from 10 kg to 50 kg per tree annually. (B). Besides, both ecosystems support rich biodiversity. Oceans host approximately 280,000 species, vital for climate regulation, while forests provide a home to at least 50,000 species. (C)■. A study found that climate change is predicted to impact at least 41% of vulnerable marine species. Another study showed that the Amazon rainforest emits more carbon than it absorbs because of factors such as climate change. (D)■. It is hoped that people can find sustainable solutions that benefit these ecosystems in combating climate change.
Which of the followings is the best title for this passage?
(A) Defining Phytoplankton.
(B) Climate Guardians Under Threat.
(C) Photosynthesis Process.
(D) Ways to Tackle Climate Change.

Oceans and forests, known as the Earth's vital lungs, play key roles in fighting climate change. These ecosystems share similarities and challenges. (A). Both serve as the planet's carbon absorbers. Oceans absorb about 30% of carbon emissions from human activities every year. This absorption occurs mainly through photosynthesis by plant-like organisms, called phytoplankton. Forests, on the other hand, absorb significant amounts of CO2, ranging from 10 kg to 50 kg per tree annually. (B). Besides, both ecosystems support rich biodiversity. Oceans host approximately 280,000 species, vital for climate regulation, while forests provide a home to at least 50,000 species. (C)■. A study found that climate change is predicted to impact at least 41% of vulnerable marine species. Another study showed that the Amazon rainforest emits more carbon than it absorbs because of factors such as climate change. (D)■. It is hoped that people can find sustainable solutions that benefit these ecosystems in combating climate change.
What do forests and oceans have in common, according to the passage?
(A) Releasing carbons and producing species.
(B) Producing species and absorbing carbons.
(C) Absorbing carbons and providing habitats for species.
(D) Providing habitats for species and producing species.

Oceans and forests, known as the Earth's vital lungs, play key roles in fighting climate change. These ecosystems share similarities and challenges. (A). Both serve as the planet's carbon absorbers. Oceans absorb about 30% of carbon emissions from human activities every year. This absorption occurs mainly through photosynthesis by plant-like organisms, called phytoplankton. Forests, on the other hand, absorb significant amounts of CO2, ranging from 10 kg to 50 kg per tree annually. (B). Besides, both ecosystems support rich biodiversity. Oceans host approximately 280,000 species, vital for climate regulation, while forests provide a home to at least 50,000 species. (C)■. A study found that climate change is predicted to impact at least 41% of vulnerable marine species. Another study showed that the Amazon rainforest emits more carbon than it absorbs because of factors such as climate change. (D)■. It is hoped that people can find sustainable solutions that benefit these ecosystems in combating climate change.
Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Where would the sentence best fit?
Unfortunately, these ecosystems are facing severe threats.
(A) A.
(B) B.
(C) C.
(D) D.

Oceans and forests, known as the Earth's vital lungs, play key roles in fighting climate change. These ecosystems share similarities and challenges. (A). Both serve as the planet's carbon absorbers. Oceans absorb about 30% of carbon emissions from human activities every year. This absorption occurs mainly through photosynthesis by plant-like organisms, called phytoplankton. Forests, on the other hand, absorb significant amounts of CO2, ranging from 10 kg to 50 kg per tree annually. (B). Besides, both ecosystems support rich biodiversity. Oceans host approximately 280,000 species, vital for climate regulation, while forests provide a home to at least 50,000 species. (C)■. A study found that climate change is predicted to impact at least 41% of vulnerable marine species. Another study showed that the Amazon rainforest emits more carbon than it absorbs because of factors such as climate change. (D)■. It is hoped that people can find sustainable solutions that benefit these ecosystems in combating climate change.
Which of the followings is the closest in meaning to the word vulnerable?
(A) uncovered
(B) endangered
(C) harmful
(D) exposed

Oceans and forests, known as the Earth's vital lungs, play key roles in fighting climate change. These ecosystems share similarities and challenges. (A). Both serve as the planet's carbon absorbers. Oceans absorb about 30% of carbon emissions from human activities every year. This absorption occurs mainly through photosynthesis by plant-like organisms, called phytoplankton. Forests, on the other hand, absorb significant amounts of CO2, ranging from 10 kg to 50 kg per tree annually. (B). Besides, both ecosystems support rich biodiversity. Oceans host approximately 280,000 species, vital for climate regulation, while forests provide a home to at least 50,000 species. (C)■. A study found that climate change is predicted to impact at least 41% of vulnerable marine species. Another study showed that the Amazon rainforest emits more carbon than it absorbs because of factors such as climate change. (D)■. It is hoped that people can find sustainable solutions that benefit these ecosystems in combating climate change.
Which of the following statements would the author most likely agree with?
(A) It is crucial to identify solutions to sustain oceans and forests to combat climate change.
(B) Forests play a more important role than oceans in regulating climate change.
(C) Marine species are recovering to healthy levels despite damage caused by human activities.
(D) Biodiversity loss and climate change are not as closely linked as expected.

According to a study conducted by the University of Cambridge, singing to infants plays a crucial role in their language development. The researchers observed the brain activity of 50 infants as they watched a video of a teacher singing nursery rhymes. Its finding revealed that these infants gradually learn to use the rhythmic information in the rhymes to distinguish between words and comprehend the structure of language. Rather than solely focusing on the phonetic details represented by the alphabet, infants acquire language through exposure to rhythmic information. This challenges the common belief that phonetic information is the primary factor in language learning. Additionally, the study indicated that infants only began to process phonetic information (such as the sounds "d" in "daddy" and "m" in "mummy") around the age of seven months. These findings emphasize the significant impact singing has on fostering positive language outcomes in infants.
What is this passage mainly about?
(A) The procedure of conducting a study at University of Cambridge.
(B) The difference between words and the structure of language.
(C) The significance of phonetic details in learning a new language.
(D) The importance of singing to infants for language development.

According to a study conducted by the University of Cambridge, singing to infants plays a crucial role in their language development. The researchers observed the brain activity of 50 infants as they watched a video of a teacher singing nursery rhymes. Its finding revealed that these infants gradually learn to use the rhythmic information in the rhymes to distinguish between words and comprehend the structure of language. Rather than solely focusing on the phonetic details represented by the alphabet, infants acquire language through exposure to rhythmic information. This challenges the common belief that phonetic information is the primary factor in language learning. Additionally, the study indicated that infants only began to process phonetic information (such as the sounds "d" in "daddy" and "m" in "mummy") around the age of seven months. These findings emphasize the significant impact singing has on fostering positive language outcomes in infants.
What is the result of the study conducted by University of Cambridge?
(A) The brain activity of infants is not influenced by singing.
(B) Rhythmic information helps infants understand the language structure.
(C) Singing to infants directly helps them learn the alphabet.
(D) Phonetic information is the most crucial factor in language learning.

According to a study conducted by the University of Cambridge, singing to infants plays a crucial role in their language development. The researchers observed the brain activity of 50 infants as they watched a video of a teacher singing nursery rhymes. Its finding revealed that these infants gradually learn to use the rhythmic information in the rhymes to distinguish between words and comprehend the structure of language. Rather than solely focusing on the phonetic details represented by the alphabet, infants acquire language through exposure to rhythmic information. This challenges the common belief that phonetic information is the primary factor in language learning. Additionally, the study indicated that infants only began to process phonetic information (such as the sounds "d" in "daddy" and "m" in "mummy") around the age of seven months. These findings emphasize the significant impact singing has on fostering positive language outcomes in infants.
In the sentence, "This challenges the common belief that phonetic information is the primary factor in language learning," what does "this" refer to?
(A) The finding of the study conducted by the University of Cambridge.
(B) The importance of phonetic details in early language acquisition.
(C) The video of a teacher singing nursery rhymes.
(D) The impact of exposing infants to alphabets on their language development.

According to a study conducted by the University of Cambridge, singing to infants plays a crucial role in their language development. The researchers observed the brain activity of 50 infants as they watched a video of a teacher singing nursery rhymes. Its finding revealed that these infants gradually learn to use the rhythmic information in the rhymes to distinguish between words and comprehend the structure of language. Rather than solely focusing on the phonetic details represented by the alphabet, infants acquire language through exposure to rhythmic information. This challenges the common belief that phonetic information is the primary factor in language learning. Additionally, the study indicated that infants only began to process phonetic information (such as the sounds "d" in "daddy" and "m" in "mummy") around the age of seven months. These findings emphasize the significant impact singing has on fostering positive language outcomes in infants.
Why did the passage specifically mention "daddy" and "mummy"?
(A) To provide examples of common nursery rhyme sounds.
(B) To emphasize the importance of fathers and mothers in language development.
(C) To highlight the sounds that infants can process around seven-month old.
(D) To suggest that the sounds in these words are irrelevant to language learning.

According to a study conducted by the University of Cambridge, singing to infants plays a crucial role in their language development. The researchers observed the brain activity of 50 infants as they watched a video of a teacher singing nursery rhymes. Its finding revealed that these infants gradually learn to use the rhythmic information in the rhymes to distinguish between words and comprehend the structure of language. Rather than solely focusing on the phonetic details represented by the alphabet, infants acquire language through exposure to rhythmic information. This challenges the common belief that phonetic information is the primary factor in language learning. Additionally, the study indicated that infants only began to process phonetic information (such as the sounds "d" in "daddy" and "m" in "mummy") around the age of seven months. These findings emphasize the significant impact singing has on fostering positive language outcomes in infants.
What can be inferred from the passage regarding the relationship between rhythmic information and phonetic information in language development?
(A) Phonetic information is more crucial than rhythmic information.
(B) Infants are sensitive to rhythmic information before phonetic information.
(C) Nursery rhymes are not to neither rhythmic nor phonetic information.
(D) Phonetic information helps infant notice rhythmic information in nursery rhymes.

Woman: Do you think we should call Jake and invite him to the party?
Man: Sure. Do you know ____?
A. what
B. is
C. phone number
D. his
(A) ADCB
(B) ABDC
(C) DCBA
(D) DCAB

Woman: How much do you plan to spend on your new phone?
Man: The one ____.
A. is
B. I'm
C. quite
D. cheap
E. considering
(A) ACDBE
(B) ADBCE
(C) BCDAE
(D) BEACD

Woman: I am thinking about going to the beach over the weekend.
Man: Don't you ____?
A. over time
B. need
C. on
D. the weekend
E. to work
(A) ACDBE
(B) BEACD
(C) CABED
(D) DBCAE

Woman: Michelle is an expert in photography.
Man: I wonder whether we should ____.
A. how to
B. ask
C. capture better images
D. for tips
E. on
F. her
(A) CABFED
(B) CEABFD
(C) BDEAFC
(D) BFDEAC

Woman: Did you learn about Sarah's new project into sustainable farming?
Man: I'd be ____.
A. interested in
B. the space for it
C. eco-friendly practices
D. I had
E. If
F. adopting
(A) AFCEDB
(B) FBEDAC
(C) FCEDBA
(D) ABEDFC

Woman: Were you aware of the community clean-up event this morning?
Man: I had no idea about it. I ____.
A. someone had
B. would
C. if
D. have joined
E. earlier
F. informed me
(A) DECBAF
(B) FCADBE
(C) BDCAFE
(D) EBDCAF

[Topic sentence] Making a cup of coffee is a simple process that requires a few easy steps.
Put the paragraphs into the correct order, with the given topic sentence below.
A. First, measure the desired amount of coffee grounds based on the number of cups you want.
B. As the coffee drips into the pot, you can enjoy the rich aroma filling the air.
C. Next, boil the water in a kettle or on the stove.
D. Once the water is ready, pour it over the coffee grounds in a coffee maker or a filter.
E. Finally, pour the brewed coffee into your favorite mug, add sugar or milk if desired.
(A) ABCDE
(B) ACDBE
(C) ACBDE
(D) ADBCE

[Topic sentence] Living in a small town and a big city have both advantages and disadvantages.
Put the paragraphs into the correct order, with the given topic sentence below.
A. On the other hand, living in a big city provides access to various job opportunities, cultural events, and a diverse range of activities.
B. In a small town, life tends to be quieter and more relaxed.
C. People often know each other, and there is a strong sense of community.
D. The downside is that cities can be noisy, crowded, and polluted.
E. However, there might be fewer job opportunities and entertainment options compared to a big city.
F. In conclusion, choosing to live in a small town or in a big city depends on personal preferences and priorities.
(A) BACDEF
(B) BEADCF
(C) BCEADF
(D) BABDEF

[Topic sentence] High schools and universities share several similarities in the foundational aspects of education, such as acquiring knowledge, developing skills, and building social connections.
Put the paragraphs into the correct order, with the given topic sentence below.
A. The instructors use textbooks, give lectures, and provide other educational resources to pass on knowledge to the students.
B. In addition to knowledge and skills, students have opportunities to form friendships and build social connections through extracurricular activities like clubs and sports.
C. In terms of skills, as students handle multiple assignments, effective time management skills are crucial in both settings.
D. Moreover, collaborative projects contribute to the development of teamwork and leadership skills.
E. In both educational settings, students participate in classes or lectures where instructors share insights, aiding in the process of acquiring knowledge on a range of subjects.
(A) CDEAB
(B) BCDEA
(C) DBECA
(D) EACDB

[Topic sentence] One of the major problems in our community is the growing amount of litter found in public spaces.
Put the paragraphs into the correct order, with the given topic sentence below.
A. This problem arises from a lack of awareness and a failure to take responsibility for our community.
B. Many individuals improperly dispose of their trash, causing harm to the environment and negatively affecting the appearance of the area.
C. To address this problem, one solution is to conduct campaigns that educate the entire community on the importance of proper methods for trash disposal.
D. By informing people about the negative consequences of littering and promoting good habits, we can foster a sense of responsibility among everyone.
E. Additionally, placing more public trash bins in convenient locations can make it easier for people to dispose of their trash.
(A) ABCDE
(B) CABED
(C) BACED
(D) DCEBA

[Topic sentence] High schools and universities share several similarities in the foundational aspects of education, such as acquiring knowledge, developing skills, and building social connections.
Put the paragraphs into the correct order, with the given topic sentence below.
A. The instructors use textbooks, give lectures, and provide other educational resources to pass on knowledge to the students.
B. In addition to knowledge and skills, students have opportunities to form friendships and build social connections through extracurricular activities like clubs and sports.
C. In terms of skills, as students handle multiple assignments, effective time management skills are crucial in both settings.
D. Moreover, collaborative projects contribute to the development of teamwork and leadership skills.
E. In both educational settings, students participate in classes or lectures where instructors share insights, aiding in the process of acquiring knowledge on a range of subjects.
(A) CDEAB
(B) BCDEA
(C) DBECA
(D) EACDB

[Topic sentence] One of the major problems in our community is the growing amount of litter found in public spaces.
Put the paragraphs into the correct order, with the given topic sentence below.
A. This problem arises from a lack of awareness and a failure to take responsibility for our community.
B. Many individuals improperly dispose of their trash, causing harm to the environment and negatively affecting the appearance of the area.
C. To address this problem, one solution is to conduct campaigns that educate the entire community on the importance of proper methods for trash disposal.
D. By informing people about the negative consequences of littering and promoting good habits, we can foster a sense of responsibility among everyone.
E. Additionally, placing more public trash bins in convenient locations can make it easier for people to dispose of their trash.
(A) ABCDE
(B) CABED
(C) BACED
(D) DCEBA