111 年 國立政治大學碩士班共同科目《英文Ｂ》
第 1 題
For Items 1-35, choose the best answer for each question and write the corresponding letter on the answer card.
選擇題請在答案卡上作答,否則不予計分。
- When stevia first ____ the U.S. market in 2008, many in the nutritional community were over the moon about the health potential of this new sugar substitute.
(A) crashed
(B) listed
(C) hit
(D) fractured
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
本題考查動詞辨義。題目描述的是一種新物質（甜味劑「甜菊糖」）進入美國市場的事件。
(A) crashed：通常指崩潰、墜毀，用於市場時，表示市場崩盤，語氣較為負面，不適用於新產品進入市場。
(B) listed：指上市、列出，常用於股票或公司，但對於產品進入市場，較少直接使用。
第 2 題
- Advent is celebrated on four ____ Sundays, beginning on the Sunday closest to November 30 and ending on December 24, Christmas Eve.
(A) intermittent
(B) consecutive
(C) followed
(D) chronological
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
本題考查形容詞辨義，修飾「Sundays」。Advent 是聖誕節前的準備期，通常包含四個星期日。題目描述了 Advent 的日期範圍，強調了其連續性和特定順序。
(A) intermittent：間歇的，不連續的。Advent 的四個星期日是按照時間順序連續發生的，故此選項不符。
(B) consecutive：連續的，接連的。Advent 的四個星期日是緊密相連、按時間順序發生的，這個詞最能準確描述這種關係。
(C) followed：跟隨的，接著的。
第 3 題
- Procrastination is an urge many of us give in to even when the ____ are high. That is, even if we know there will be a high price to pay, we still put off doing things.
(A) stables
(B) shares
(C) stakes
(D) stocks
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
本題考查名詞辨義，與「風險」、「賭注」相關。題目描述了拖延（procrastination）的現象：即使知道會付出高昂代價，人們仍然拖延。這暗示了拖延行為伴隨著某種高風險或高利害關係。
(A) stables：穩定的，或馬廄。與「風險」或「代價」無關。
(B) shares：股份。與「風險」或「代價」無關。
(C) stakes：賭注，風險，利害關係。
第 4 題
- She is an outspoken ____ of a variety of health-related causes, trying her best to promote the health of the general public.
(A) advocate
(B) adversary
(C) antagonist
(D) autocrat
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
本題考查名詞辨義，描述某人扮演的角色。題目說她「直言不諱地…」，並且「盡最大努力推廣大眾健康」，這表明她是一位支持者或倡導者。
(A) advocate：倡導者，支持者。非常符合題目中「推廣大眾健康」的語境。
(B) adversary：對手，敵人。
第 5 題
- If the local company wants to increase market share and profits, it must seize this ____ opportunity to sell products overseas by cooperating with the international enterprise.
(A) sign
(B) indicator
(C) symbol
(D) landmark
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
本題考查名詞辨義，修飾「opportunity」。題目描述了公司需要抓住一個「機會」來拓展海外市場。
(A) sign：標誌，跡象。通常指預示某事的跡象，但作為「機會」的修飾語，較少見。
(B) indicator：指示物，指標。指表明某種情況的標誌，但通常不直接修飾「機會」。
(C) symbol：象徵。不適用於修飾機會。
第 6 題
- The judges had no ____ to refer to before making their decision on the controversial case.
(A) articulation
(B) precedent
(C) configuration
(D) alignment
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
本題考查名詞辨義，指法官在做判決時可以參考的依據。題目說法官「沒有…可以參考」，來做出關於爭議案件的決定。
(A) articulation：清晰的表達，發音。與判決參考依據無關。
(B) precedent：先例，判例。在法律案件中，先例是指過去類似案件的判決，法官在判決時通常會參考先例，以確保判決的一致性和公平性。這非常符合題意。
第 7 題
- The ____ of your solution is about whether or not you are able to implement your plan to solve the problem in an effective manner.
(A) feasibility
(B) convenience
(C) seriousness
(D) uniformity
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
本題考查名詞辨義，用來評估一個解決方案。題目說明這個評估的重點在於「是否能有效地執行計畫來解決問題」。
(A) feasibility：可行性。指某事物是否能夠成功地被完成或執行。這完全符合題目中「是否能有效地執行計畫」的描述。
(B) convenience：便利性。
第 8 題
- John has been trying to ____ Sue's reputation by spreading rumors about her.
(A) underestimate
(B) undertake
(C) underline
(D) undermine
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
本題考查動詞辨義，描述傳播謠言對他人名譽的影響。題目說約翰「散佈關於蘇的謠言」，這對蘇的名譽會產生負面影響。
(A) underestimate：低估。與散佈謠言的行為無關。
(B) undertake：承擔，從事。與散佈謠言的行為無關。
第 9 題
- A rich merchant ____ the famous artist to paint her portrait at a price of six figures.
(A) prescribed
(B) commissioned
(C) annihilated
(D) imparted
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
本題考查動詞辨義，描述委託藝術家創作。題目說一位富商「委託」一位著名藝術家為她畫肖像，價格是六位數。
(A) prescribed：開（藥方），規定。與委託藝術家創作無關。
(B) commissioned：委託（創作藝術品、設計等）。
第 10 題
- It was ____ of him to open a store at that part of the city. He should have conducted a thorough market analysis beforehand.
(A) rash
(B) anxious
(C) provocative
(D) invasive
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
本題考查形容詞辨義，描述某人的行為。題目說他應該事先做市場分析，但卻直接開了店，這表明他的行為是魯莽的、欠考慮的。
(A) rash：魯莽的，輕率的。指在沒有充分考慮後果的情況下倉促行事。這與題目中「應該先做市場分析卻沒做」的語境非常吻合。
(B) anxious：焦慮的。形容情緒狀態，而不是行為的性質。
第 11 題
- I didn't get a wink of sleep the whole night last night because of the dog's ____ barking.
(A) enlightened
(B) ultimate
(C) incessant
(D) extraneous
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
本題考查形容詞辨義，修飾「barking」（吠叫）。題目說因為狗的吠叫，導致整晚沒睡，這表示狗的吠叫是持續不斷的。
(A) enlightened：開明的，受啟發的。與吠叫聲無關。
(B) ultimate：最終的，極點的。
第 12 題
- A sauce can enhance and ____ ingredients through flavor, texture and moisture.
(A) complement
(B) compliment
(C) comprise
(D) compose
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
本題考查動詞辨義，描述醬汁對食材的作用。題目說醬汁可以「增強」並「____」食材，透過風味、質地和濕潤度。
(A) complement：補充，補足，使完整。指與某物搭配，使其更完善或更具吸引力。醬汁可以透過風味、質地等補充或襯托食材的味道，使整體更美味。
(B) compliment：讚美。
第 13 題
- The prevalence of excessive purchasing is on the rise, thanks to society's focus on everything material. The word "prevalence" is closest in meaning to
(A) popularity
(B) generality
(C) phenomenon
(D) sensation
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
本題考查單字辨義，要求找出 "prevalence" 的近義詞。"Prevalence" 指的是「盛行」、「普遍存在」。
(A) popularity：受歡迎程度。雖然盛行的事物可能受歡迎，但 "prevalence" 更側重於「普遍性」。
(B) generality：普遍性。這是 "prevalence" 的一個很好的近義詞，指事物普遍存在或發生的狀態。
(C) phenomenon：現象。
第 14 題
- One audience refuted the speaker's claim by referring to opposing arguments from a recent study. The word "refute" means
(A) to get a second opinion
(B) to prove to be false or incorrect
(C) to support with examples
(D) to humiliate publicly
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
本題考查單字辨義，要求解釋 "refute" 的意思。"Refute" 的意思是「駁斥」、「反駁」，即通過證據或論點證明某事是錯誤的。
(A) to get a second opinion：尋求第二意見。與駁斥無關。
(B) to prove to be false or incorrect：證明是錯誤或不正確的。這是 "refute" 的準確定義。
第 15 題
- Students are required to write an essay based on a prompt. The word "prompt" means
(A) an organization of resources
(B) a reminder to complete a task on time
(C) a recap of important points
(D) a cue to begin something
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
本題考查單字辨義，要求解釋 "prompt" 在此語境下的意思。題目說學生需要根據一個 "prompt" 來寫論文，這裡的 "prompt" 指的是引導寫作的題目、指示或提示。
(A) an organization of resources：資源的組織。與寫作提示無關。
(B) a reminder to complete a task on time：提醒按時完成任務。
第 16 題
- It's pouring rain outside. I can't imagine Tim ____ by bike.
(A) go
(B) to go
(C) going
(D) gone
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
本題考查動詞形式，與 "imagine" 這個動詞的搭配。
"Imagine" 後面通常接動名詞 (gerund, V-ing) 或名詞。在這裡，"imagine" 後面跟的是一個動作（騎自行車），所以需要使用動名詞。
第 17 題
- Mary ____ in Paris for five years next week. I would say four years at most.
(A) won't have been living
(B) couldn't have lived
(C) mustn't live
(D) shouldn't have been living
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
本題考查時態，涉及時間點「next week」以及對過去事實的推測或判斷。
句子結構是 "Mary ____ in Paris for five years next week."，後面緊接著一句「我最多認為是四年」。這表示說話者在評價 Mary 在巴黎居住的時間長度，並且預測下週（next week）時，Mary 在巴黎居住的時間會達到一個數字。
由於提到了「next week」這個未來時間點，並且有「for five years」這樣的持續時間，最適合使用未來完成進行式 (Future Perfect Continuous Tense)，表示到未來某個時間點為止，某個動作將持續多久。
(A) won't have been living：這是未來完成進行式 (Future Perfect Continuous Tense) 的否定形式。
第 18 題
- The photo was taken in a(n) ____ village last year.
(A) old beautiful Russian
(B) beautiful old Russian
(C) Russian old beautiful
(D) old Russian beautiful
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
本題考查形容詞的順序。在英語中，形容詞修飾名詞時，通常有一個固定的順序。一般順序是：
Opinion (美麗的) > Size (大小) > Age (老的) > Shape (形狀) > Color (顏色) > Origin (俄羅斯的) > Material (材料) > Purpose (用途)
在這個例子中，我們有：
Opinion: beautiful
Age: old
Origin: Russian
第 19 題
- Congratulations ____ your new job!
(A) by
(B) on
(C) for
(D) at
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
本題考查介詞搭配。當我們祝賀某人獲得某項成就時，標準的介詞搭配是 "congratulations on something"。
(A) by：通常表示方式、媒介或地點。
(B) on：用於表示原因、對象或時間。在這裡，"on" 是與 "congratulations" 搭配，表示祝賀的對象或原因。
第 20 題
- The book contains poems that are romantic, soothing, and ____.
(A) enjoy
(B) enjoyed
(C) enjoying
(D) enjoyable
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
本題考查形容詞形式，與前面並列的形容詞 "romantic" 和 "soothing" 保持一致。
句子結構是 "The book contains poems that are romantic, soothing, and ____."。
"Romantic" 和 "soothing" 都是形容詞，用來描述 "poems"。因此，空格處也應該填入一個形容詞。
(A) enjoy：動詞原形，意為「享受」。
第 21 題
- Many young people, when facing difficulties in life, may not seek help ____ fear of embarrassment or threat to their self-esteem.
(A) because
(B) because so
(C) because of
(D) because that
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
本題考查連接詞或介詞的用法，連接原因。題目描述了年輕人不尋求幫助的原因。
(A) because：引導原因狀語從句，後面跟主詞+動詞。
(B) because so：用法不正確。
(C) because of：引導原因狀語，後面跟名詞、名詞短語或動名詞。
(D) because that：用法不正確。
第 22 題
- Headlee's book Do Nothing discusses ways that software ____ to make people anxious that they are not productive enough in their own lives.
(A) designs
(B) designed
(C) is designed
(D) be designed
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
本題考查動詞形式，與先行詞 "software" 的關係。題目說這本書討論了軟體如何「被設計」來讓人生氣。
句子的結構是 "Headlee's book Do Nothing discusses ways that software ____ to make people anxious..."。
這裡的 "ways that software ____" 是修飾 "ways" 的定語從句。
"Software" 是單數主詞，它本身不能主動「設計」某事，而是被「設計」來達成某個目的。因此，這裡需要使用被動語態。
(A) designs：動詞現在式，主動語態。
第 23 題
- ____ all the work required by his boss, Joshua is now ready for a vacation away from the office.
(A) Completed
(B) To complete
(C) Being completed
(D) Having completed
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
本題考查分詞構句或獨立分詞構句，表示原因或時間。題目描述了約書亞現在可以去度假，原因是他已經完成了老闆要求的所有工作。
(A) Completed：過去分詞。可以構成被動的分詞構句，表示「被完成」。如果用這個，表示「所有工作被完成」，但這裡主語是 Joshua。
(B) To complete：不定詞。表示目的。
第 24 題
- ____ better recipe for building someone's confidence than to administer regular dosages of success.
(A) Have no
(B) Not having
(C) There is no
(D) There has not
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
本題考查句子結構和固定搭配。句子開頭需要一個主語來引導後面的謂語 "is"。
(A) Have no：這是動詞短語，後面需要主詞。
(B) Not having：這是分詞短語，不能獨立作一句句子的開頭。
(C) There is no：這是常見的結構，表示「沒有...」。 "There is no better recipe..." 意為「沒有比...更好的方法/配方」。
第 25 題
- Simon ____ the interview if he did not do all the research and learn so much about the company's history.
(A) did not pass
(B) could not be passed
(C) were not able to pass
(D) could not have passed
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
本題考查虛擬語氣，與過去事實相反。題目描述的是一個與過去事實相反的假設情況，即「如果他沒有做研究...」，那麼他「可能就無法通過」面試。
這是一個第三種虛擬語氣 (Third Conditional) 的結構，用於描述與過去事實相反的假設情況。
結構是：If + Past Perfect, ... would/could/might + have + Past Participle.
在這個句子中，If 後面的部分是 "if he did not do all the research..."，這看起來像是第二種虛擬語氣 (If + Past Simple)，但後面卻跟了與過去事實相反的結果。
然而，仔細看題目，"if he did not do..." 這裡的 "did not do" 可能是指「如果他當時沒有做」或「如果他現在沒有做（但暗示過去沒有做）」。
第 26 題
Passage 1
When you express negative feelings indirectly instead of openly talking about them, you are being passive-aggressive. Someone who uses passive aggression may feel angry, resentful, or frustrated, but they act neutral, pleasant, or even cheerful. They then find indirect ways to show how they really feel. Passive aggression is not a mental illness, but people with mental health conditions may act that way. Passive aggression could damage your personal and professional relationships.
When someone uses passive aggression, they might say one thing, like "Sure, I'd be happy to!" and do another, like brood and complain while completing the task. They might also do something that seems kind on the surface but is opposite to another person's wishes. For example, if you tell a co-worker you're trying to lose weight, a passive-aggressive colleague might bring you a cake the next day.
Anger, frustration, and displeasure are normal emotions. People who rely on passive aggression rather than direct communication to show these emotions often grew up in a family where that behavior was common. It might not have felt safe for them to directly express their feelings as a child. But people can also pick up this behavior as adults. They may act this way because it helps them get what they want, or they may do it to avoid confrontation. Many people are only passive-aggressive in some situations—for example, at work-but not in others.
Many people don't realize that they're being passive-aggressive. The behavior may feel "normal" to them. Or they might think it's the best way to avoid hurting someone's feelings or to prevent something bad from happening, like losing their job. Everyone can behave passive aggressively from time to time. But if it's a pattern, that's when it's a problem. If the passive aggression of a friend, family member, or colleague is troubling you, try being direct about what you want or need without labeling them. Using "I" statements can be helpful. For example, "I don't like it when you regularly show up for meetings late. It makes me feel like this isn't important to you. Would you please try to be on time going forward?" Sometimes, behaving assertively can show the other person how to behave that way, too. You may have to keep telling a passive-aggressive person your needs before you see an improvement in the way they act. If the behavior doesn't change, consider getting the advice of a therapist.
- What is this passage mainly about?
(A) The development of a special mental disease.
(B) An introduction to a specific interpersonal behavior.
(C) How emotions can be controlled through therapeutic interventions.
(D) The art and techniques of communication and relationship building.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
這篇文章主要在介紹「被動攻擊」（passive aggression）這種人際互動行為。文章從定義開始，接著描述其表現方式、可能的原因、人們對此行為的認知，以及如何應對。
(A) The development of a special mental disease.：文章明確指出「Passive aggression is not a mental illness」，因此這不是關於一種精神疾病的發展。
(B) An introduction to a specific interpersonal behavior.：文章詳細介紹了被動攻擊的定義、特徵、成因和應對方式，這正是一個特定人際行為的介紹。
第 27 題
- Which of the following properly represents the four paragraphs as they appear in the passage?
(A) signs, causes, management, definition
(B) causes, management, definition, signs
(C) definition, signs, causes, management
(D) management, definition, signs, causes
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
本題要求判斷文章四個段落的主題。我們需要逐段分析：
第一段：定義了什麼是被動攻擊 (passive aggression)，並描述了其外在表現（行為中性愉悅，內心憤怒不滿），以及其潛在的傷害。
→ 主題：Definition (定義)
第二段：舉例說明被動攻擊的行為方式，例如口是心非、表面友善實則違背他人意願（送蛋糕的例子）。
→ 主題：Signs/Examples (跡象/例子)
第三段：探討被動攻擊的成因（家庭環境、習得行為、逃避衝突），並指出這種行為可能只在某些情境下出現。
→ 主題：Causes (成因)
第 28 題
- Which of the following words is closest in meaning to "brood" in the second paragraph?
(A) agonize
(B) forecast
(C) expose
(D) convert
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
本題要求找出 "brood" 在第二段中的近義詞。"Brood" 在此處的用法是 "like brood and complain"，意指悶悶不樂、憂慮地思考。
(A) agonize：極度痛苦，憂慮。與「悶悶不樂地思考、憂慮」的意思非常接近。
(B) forecast：預測。
第 29 題
- Based on the passage, which of the following statement is true?
(A) Passive aggressors are violent or tend to react negatively most of the time.
(B) If passive aggression is not genetic, it has to be rooted in childhood trauma.
(C) The most common venue for passive aggression to happen is the workplace.
(D) Constant practice is necessary to help others to be less passive aggressive.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題考查「依據文章內容判斷正確敘述」以及字詞強度與因果關係的辨識。判斷時必須以文章明確提到的資訊為準，特別留意選項中的絕對化字眼，例如：
- most of the time：大多數時候
- has to：必然、一定
- the most common：最常見
- necessary：必要的
這些字詞若超出文章原意，便容易構成錯誤敘述。
解題方法
先掌握文章對 passive aggression（被動攻擊）的核心定義：它通常不是直接暴力，而是透過拖延、沉默、諷刺、消極配合等間接方式表達敵意或不滿。因此，選項若把被動攻擊直接等同於暴力，便不符合文章概念。
接著逐一比對選項：
- 是否把文章的部分描述擴大成絕對結論？
- 是否加入文章沒有支持的必然因果？
- 是否將「常見」誇大為「最常見」？
- 是否符合文章對改善被動攻擊行為的建議？
選項分析
(A) Passive aggressors are violent or tend to react negatively most of the time.
錯誤。被動攻擊者的主要特徵是「間接表達」敵意與不滿，並不等於直接暴力。文章所描述的被動攻擊，重點在於表面上不正面衝突，實際上透過消極抵抗、冷漠或諷刺等方式表達負面情緒。
此外，選項使用 most of the time，把被動攻擊者概括為大多數時候都會負面反應，語氣過度絕對，文章並未支持這種全面性的判斷。
(B) If passive aggression is not genetic, it has to be rooted in childhood trauma.
第 30 題
- Which of the following could be an example of the "I" statements discussed in the final paragraph?
(A) "I do not want a cake now. I want to have control over my calorie intake.”
(B) "I can't believe you are bringing me a cake. Don't you know I am on a diet?"
(C) "I think you need to see a therapist. I am much behind on being passive aggressive."
(D) "I am so happy you brought me a cake. I'll worry about losing weight tomorrow."
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
本題要求找出符合「I statements」的例子。文章最後一段提到，應對被動攻擊者時，「Using 'I' statements can be helpful.」並給了一個例子：「'I don't like it when you regularly show up for meetings late. It makes me feel like this isn't important to you. Would you please try to be on time going forward?'」
"I statements" 的核心特點是：
- 以 "I" 開頭，表達自己的感受、需求或想法。
- 描述具體行為，而不是評價對方。
- 避免指責、批評或貼標籤。
- 表達自己的感受，而不是假定對方的意圖。
我們來分析每個選項：
(A) "I do not want a cake now. I want to have control over my calorie intake.”
- 以 "I" 開頭。
- 表達了自己的需求（不想吃蛋糕）和目標（控制熱量攝取）。
- 這是直接、清晰地表達自己的想法和需求，符合 "I statements" 的精神，尤其是在回應對方遞蛋糕的行為時。
(B) "I can't believe you are bringing me a cake. Don't you know I am on a diet?"
第 31 題
Passage 2
Tobias Lütke was originally a software engineer by trade. By 2004, he didn't want to work as a programmer anymore he was burned out. He decided to pursue a passion and open an online store called Snowdevil where he would sell snowboards from third parties. Right away, he ran into a huge problem. Every software tool that Lütke tried to use to build Snowdevil frustrated him. What he really wanted was a simple, user-friendly tool-one that didn't exist yet. Lütke decided that instead of using an off-the-shelf solution like Yahoo! Stores, he would build the online store infrastructure for Snowdevil from the ground up. Lütke and his early team built an easy-to-use product Shopify and also gave other small merchants the tools to solve their problems. This created a new market of people who had never been able to successfully sell online before-but now had everything they needed.
They had a profitable season of snowboard gear sales in 2004, but the initial response to Shopify stood out to them even more than their store. They passed their e-commerce platform around and got numerous inquiries about how they had built the website. Lütke saw an opportunity to help other people sell online. He and his cofounder then realized they were more interested in helping other merchants than running their online snowboard store. They shelved Snowdevil and refocused on creating a product that would help people build their own online stores.
At first, Shopify's goal was, "making it easy for anyone to create a beautiful and powerful online store." But to continue growing, Shopify expanded their vision to an even wider audience. Instead of focusing only on e-commerce software, which benefitted online sellers, they worked towards "making commerce better for everyone." Today, their platform Shopify hosts over 325,000 shops for individual sellers and internet giants like Google and Tesla. The company generates over $20 million in revenue each month.
- Which of the following statements is true about the beginning of Shopify?
(A) Its interface targeted third parties.
(B) It was out of frustration with existing tools.
(C) Its initial goal was to share business opportunities.
(D) It was meant to prevent young people from job burnout.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
本題要求判斷關於 Shopify 起源的哪個敘述是正確的。
我們需要回到文章開頭尋找相關資訊。
文章第一段提到：Tobias Lütke 感到程式設計工作倦怠 (burned out)，於是決定開一家線上商店 Snowdevil。他發現當時的軟體工具都不好用，讓他感到挫折 (frustrated)。他想要的是一個簡單、使用者友善的工具，但當時並不存在。於是，他決定自己從頭建立 Shopify 平台，來解決這個問題，並幫助其他小型商家。
(A) Its interface targeted third parties.：文章沒有提到 Shopify 的介面是針對第三方。它最初是為自己的商店 Snowdevil 建立的，後來才推廣給其他商家。
第 32 題
- Which of the following best represents Shopify's development?
(A) Joining other merchants to rival big players like Yahoo and Google.
(B) Expanding from a tool to a platform to an online/offline ecosystem.
(C) Combining computer programming and sports gear in one business.
(D) Generating revenue by disrupting traditional e-commerce business models.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
本題要求判斷哪個選項最能代表 Shopify 的發展歷程。我們需要梳理文章中關於 Shopify 發展的敘述。
文章提到：
- 最初是為自己的商店 Snowdevil 建立的工具。
- 發現這個工具對其他小型商家也有幫助，於是開始提供給他們。
- 這創造了一個新的市場。
- 後來，他們發現自己對幫助其他商家比經營自己的商店更感興趣，於是將 Snowdevil 擱置，專注於開發幫助人們建立線上商店的產品。
- Shopify 的初始目標是「讓任何人都能輕鬆創建一個美麗且強大的線上商店」。
- 為了持續成長，Shopify 擴展了願景，目標是「讓商業對每個人都更好」。
- 如今，Shopify 平台托管了大量商店，包括個人賣家和像 Google、Tesla 這樣的巨頭。
分析選項：
(A) Joining other merchants to rival big players like Yahoo and Google.：文章提到 Shopify 最終與 Google、Tesla 等巨頭並列，並且它幫助了許多小型商家，但「Joining other merchants to rival big players」並不是 Shopify 發展歷程的核心描述，它更多是結果。
(B) Expanding from a tool to a platform to an online/offline ecosystem.：
- 從一個工具 (tool)：最初是為 Snowdevil 建立的線上商店工具。
- 到一個平台 (platform)：它成為了一個讓商家可以建立和經營線上商店的平台。
- 到一個 online/offline ecosystem：雖然文章主要描述的是線上業務，但 Shopify 的目的是「making commerce better for everyone」，這可能暗示了更廣泛的商業生態系統，但文章中沒有明確提到 "offline ecosystem"。不過，與其他選項相比，這個描述了從單一工具到綜合平台的演變，是比較貼切的。
(C) Combining computer programming and sports gear in one business.：Shopify 的核心是電腦程式設計，而最初的 Snowdevil 是賣運動裝備，但 Shopify 本身不是結合兩者，而是從解決程式設計工具的困境出發。
(D) Generating revenue by disrupting traditional e-commerce business models.：文章提到 Shopify 創造了一個新的市場，讓從未成功在線銷售過的人們也能做到。這確實有「顛覆」傳統電商模式的意味，並且文章最後提到公司產生了可觀的收入。這也是一個可能的答案。
第 33 題
- Which of the following best describes Snowdevil?
(A) It sold snowboards but later became a shelf company.
(B) It was originally built to boost Yahoo's snowboard business.
(C) It started as Lütke's side hustle when he was a programmer.
(D) It was a business that inspired Lütke to build a user-friendly platform.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
本題要求判斷哪個選項最能描述 Snowdevil。我們需要回到文章第一段尋找關於 Snowdevil 的資訊。
文章第一段提到：「He decided to pursue a passion and open an online store called Snowdevil where he would sell snowboards from third parties. Right away, he ran into a huge problem. Every software tool that Lütke tried to use to build Snowdevil frustrated him. What he really wanted was a simple, user-friendly tool-one that didn't exist yet.」
接著又說：「Lütke and his early team built an easy-to-use product Shopify and also gave other small merchants the tools to solve their problems. This created a new market...」
然後：「They shelved Snowdevil and refocused on creating a product that would help people build their own online stores.」
分析選項：
(A) It sold snowboards but later became a shelf company.：文章提到 Snowdevil 賣雪板，但沒有說它後來變成了「shelf company」
第 34 題
- Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the word "off-the-shelf" in the first paragraph?
(A) Hybrid.
(B) Prompt.
(C) Shelfless.
(D) Ready-made.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
本題要求找出 "off-the-shelf" 在第一段中的近義詞。"Off-the-shelf" 指的是現成的、非訂製的、可以直接購買使用的產品或解決方案。
文章第一段提到：「Lütke decided that instead of using an off-the-shelf solution like Yahoo! Stores, he would build the online store infrastructure for Snowdevil from the ground up.」這表示他不想使用
第 35 題
- Who are the major clients of Shopify?
(A) Small merchants.
(B) Internet celebrities.
(C) Passionate audience.
(D) Winter sports athletes.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
本題要求判斷 Shopify 的主要客戶是誰。我們需要尋找文章中描述 Shopify 客戶的段落。
文章第二段提到：「Lütke and his early team built an easy-to-use product Shopify and also gave other small merchants the tools to solve their problems. This created a new market of people who had never been able to successfully sell online before-but now had everything they needed.」
第 IV. Writing 題30 分
Nowadays, communicating online seems to become the norm. People are writing blogs, creating Facebook profiles, sharing videos on YouTube and tweeting on Twitter. In particular, social media has given people the power to share and stay connected; however, social media may also promote negative experiences such as feeling inadequate about your life or appearance.
Please write an essay of about 300 words to illustrate how people can minimize the negative effects of social media.
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
核心觀念
本題是議論文寫作，要求說明人們如何減少社群媒體帶來的負面影響。題目先呈現社群媒體的正面功能，再指出它可能使人對自己的生活或外貌感到不足。作答時應聚焦在「如何減少負面影響」，提出具體可行的做法，並說明這些做法為何有效。
文章可採用「提出主旨—分述方法—總結立場」的架構。方法宜有明確分類，例如：
- 設定使用時間與界線，避免過度瀏覽。
- 篩選追蹤內容，減少不健康的比較。
- 培養媒體識讀，並重視真實生活中的關係與自我價值。
解題方法
先把題目轉化成核心問題：社群媒體會讓人過度使用，或拿自己的生活與他人精心呈現的內容比較；因此，對策應分別回應這些原因。
文章第一段說明社群媒體有連結他人的功能，但過度使用或不加判斷地瀏覽，會造成壓力與自我懷疑，接著提出主旨：使用者可以透過管理時間、整理資訊來源，以及維持線下生活來降低負面影響。
正文每段發展一個方法，採用「方法＋具體例子＋效果」的順序。例如，設定每日使用時間後，能減少無意識地滑手機；取消追蹤令人焦慮的帳號，並追蹤提供知識或鼓勵的內容，能改善接收到的資訊；提醒自己網路貼文通常經過挑選與修飾，則能降低不公平比較。
結尾重申：社群媒體的影響取決於使用方式，主動設定界線、謹慎選擇內容，便能保留其好處並減少傷害。
參考範文
How to Reduce the Negative Effects of Social Media
Social media has made it easier to keep in touch with friends, share ideas, and learn about the world. Yet spending too much time online can also leave people anxious or dissatisfied with their lives. Many posts show carefully selected moments rather than ordinary reality, so comparing ourselves with them can create unrealistic expectations. To reduce these harmful effects, users should manage their time, choose what they see, and maintain a healthy life offline.
First, people can set clear limits on their screen time. For example, they might decide not to check social media during meals, while studying, or before bed. Turning off unnecessary notifications also helps prevent constant interruptions. With fewer hours spent scrolling, people have more time for sleep, exercise,