109 年 國立臺灣大學經濟學系碩士班《專業英文(D)》
第 1 題5 分
According to Article 1, Tesco has halted the production of Christmas cards because:
(A) Kittens in Santa hats are out of style.
(B) One card was found to have writings in it already and that was considered a production flaw.
(C) There were allegations that Zhejiang Yunguang Printing company had used forced prison labor.
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本題考驗對 Article 1 內文的理解能力,特別是 Tesco 暫停生產聖誕卡的具體原因。
文章第一段提到,Tesco 暫停生產 charity Christmas cards 是因為有工廠內的囚犯聲稱「被迫違背意願工作」,並在卡片中留下求助訊息。接著提到,Tesco 表示「震驚」,並說「絕不允許供應鏈中使用囚犯勞工」。
第 2 題5 分
True or False: According to Article 1, Humphrey states that nowadays, there is forced labor in Qingpu prison.
(A) True
(B) False
(C) Not specified in Article 1.
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本題考驗對 Article 1 中 Peter Humphrey 的陳述的理解,以及判斷其觀點是否明確。
第 3 題5 分
According to Article 1, when Humphrey said prisoners were victims of "reckless sentencing for minor offences", he meant:
(A) Prisoners were sentenced when they were still underage.
(B) Prisoners offended the judge during trial with reckless language.
(C) Prisoners were sentenced disproportionately harshly for their crimes.
(D) It is reckless to prioritize defence over offence when playing basketball in prison.
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本題考驗對 "reckless sentencing for minor offences" 這句話的理解,以及 Humphrey 在文章中的語境。
文章中,Humphrey 提到:「我認識的當時在監獄裡的每個人,都是因為非常可疑的原因被判刑,我遇見了許多人,我認為他們是被錯誤監禁,或是對於輕微犯罪被判刑過重。」 (I met so many people who I considered to be the victims of wrongful imprisonment or at least reckless sentencing for minor offences.)
第 4 題5 分
Based solely on information in Article 2, what do we know about Qingpu prison population:
(A) There are only foreign prisoners.
(B) There are no female prisoners.
(C) 51 therapists are imprisoned.
(D) Neither of the above.
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核心觀念
本題考查閱讀理解中的「根據文章明示資訊判斷」,不能以常識、推測或選項中的數字自行補充文章內容。判斷某選項正確,必須能在 Article 2 找到直接支持的證據。
解題方法
逐項檢查選項是否能由 Article 2 的內容推出:
- 青浦監獄是否「只有外籍囚犯」;
- 青浦監獄是否「沒有女性囚犯」;
- 是否有「51 名治療師遭監禁」。
然而,題目所提供的資料中沒有附上 Article 2,因此缺乏判斷上述敘述所需的原文證據。單憑題幹本身,無法證明 A、B 或 C 任一敘述成立。
選項分析
- (A) There are only foreign prisoners.
題目未提供 Article 2 中關於囚犯國籍的資訊,無法確認青浦監獄是否只有外籍囚犯,因此不能選。
第 5 題10 分
For the following questions, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply:
Which of the following would be qualify as "forced labor" described in Article 2:
(A) Prisoners working in order to buy cigarettes.
(B) Teenage interns working without pay.
(C) Student interns working for low wages.
(D) Slavery.
(E) Not paying students to solve their assignments.
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核心觀念
本題考查《國際勞工組織第 29 號公約》第 2 條對「強迫勞動」(forced labour)的定義。構成強迫勞動,必須同時具備兩項要件:
- 在他人施加懲罰威脅下工作(under menace of any penalty)。
- 工作者並非自願提供勞務(not offered voluntarily)。
因此,單純「沒有薪資」、「薪資很低」或「正在服刑」本身,不能直接判定為強迫勞動。
解題方法
逐一檢查每個選項是否同時符合「懲罰威脅」與「非自願」兩項要件。若只有待遇不佳,卻沒有被迫工作的情形,就不符合第 2 條的定義。
選項分析
(A) Prisoners working in order to buy cigarettes.
錯誤。囚犯為了購買香菸而選擇工作,重點在於其工作動機是取得額外物品,題目沒有指出工作是受到懲罰威脅而被迫進行。若工作是出於自己的選擇,便欠缺「非自願」要件。
此外,第 2 條第 2 項也對特定形式的監獄勞動設有例外;在公共機關監督下進行的監獄工作,不當然屬於公約所稱的強迫勞動。
(B) Teenage interns working without pay.
第 6 題10 分
According to Article 2, which of the following are likely reasons for prison labor in Chinese prisons:
(A) Rehabilitating inmates so they can find jobs easier when they are released.
(B) Ensuring soap and toothpaste are distributed fairly among prisoners.
(C) Lowering production cost of Chinese companies.
(D) Keeping the inmates busy so they do not revolt against the guards.
(E) Reducing taxpayer contributions to run prisons.
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本題考驗對 Article 2 中關於中國監獄勞動原因的理解。Article 2 提到了中國監獄勞動的幾個面向。
文章開頭提到:「中國監獄勞動很普遍,在中國,這項做法是合法的,用於補貼設施維護費用和中國公司的生產。」(The use of prison labour is common in China, where the practice is legal, to subsidise maintenance costs of facilities and production for Chinese companies.)
這直接支持了選項 (C):「降低中國公司的生產成本」。因為監獄勞動可以補貼生產費用,這意味著可以降低成本。
文章中也提到,Qingpu 監獄的網站描述:「監獄的『勞動改造』計畫包括每週五天的工作、一天培訓或學習,以及一天休息。」(The facility's "labour reform" programme includes five days of work, one day of training or learning, and one day of rest, according to Qingpu's website.)
「勞動改造」(labour reform) 這個詞,以及「培訓或學習」的安排,暗示了選項 (A):「改造囚犯,以便他們獲釋後更容易找到工作」。
文章提到:「外國囚犯的待遇通常更好一些。」(Foreign prisoners are usually treated a little better.) 並且描述了 Qingpu 監獄提供的設施,如治療師、遠程學習、藝術計畫等,以及「將文化工藝品引入,以『培養囚犯的情操』並『糾正行為』」。這也與 (A) 的「改造」和「糾正行為」有關。