108 年 國立清華大學社會學研究所乙組《英文》
第 一 題50 分
請將下列英文段落翻譯成流暢的中文
Although the contrast between town and country is an ideal that seldom neatly maps onto reality, environmental scholars argue that this compartmental imaginary has become embedded in the collective conscience of Western societies as an interpretive frame, organizing people's experience of the environment. Through this lens, the city is idealized as an orderly grid where nonhumans are kept under control and boxed into manicured settings such as parks and gardens. Thus, it is not only livestock that are interpreted as taboo in the modern city. What people classify as “pests” or "nuisance animals" are in fact those species of “wildlife” that trespass on sidewalks and colonize human dwellings in spite of efforts to designate these spaces as human-only places. Their unwitting "transgression" of our "spatial expectations" can be existentially unsettling because it is read as "matter out of place."
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這是一篇關於城鄉對比、環境學家觀點以及現代城市中非人事物（包括野生動物）被分類與對待方式的論述。翻譯的重點在於準確傳達學術概念，並維持原文的論理結構與語氣。
翻譯步驟與說明：
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理解核心概念：
- "contrast between town and country is an ideal that seldom neatly maps onto reality"：城鄉的對比是一種理想，但很少能完美地對應到現實。
- "compartmental imaginary"：一種將事物劃分、區隔的想像框架。
- "collective conscience"：集體意識。
- "interpretive frame"：詮釋框架。
- "nonhumans are kept under control and boxed into manicured settings"：非人類（在此指動物、植物等）被控制，並被限制在經過精心打理的環境中。
- "taboo"：禁忌。
- "pests" or "nuisance animals"：害蟲或令人討厭的動物。
- "wildlife"：野生動物。
- "trespass on sidewalks and colonize human dwellings"：侵入人行道並佔據人類的居所。
- "designate these spaces as human-only places"：將這些空間指定為僅限人類使用的場所。
- "unwitting 'transgression' of our 'spatial expectations'"：無意間「侵犯」了我們的「空間預期」。
- "existentially unsettling"：在存在層面上令人不安。
- "matter out of place"：不屬於其應有位置的事物。
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分句翻譯與整合：
- "Although the contrast between town and country is an ideal that seldom neatly maps onto reality, environmental scholars argue that this compartmental imaginary has become embedded in the collective conscience of Western societies as an interpretive frame, organizing people's experience of the environment."
第 二 題50 分
請將下列英文段落翻譯成流暢的中文
It is traditional to consider the state to be the ultimate or sovereign source of coercive power. This sharply distinguishes it from civil society, which includes professions and other institutions and which I consider separate from and subordinate to it. That is how I treated the relationship between state and profession in an earlier study that analyzed the institutions of professionalism in the United States. In discussing that relationship, I noted that while professions, unlike other kinds of occupations, control their own work and thus can be considered autonomous in a division of labor and in their labor markets, they are dependent on the coercive power of the state to support such autonomy. They are autonomous in their own economic sector but not in society at large because they depend on the state for their empowerment.
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這是一段探討國家權力、公民社會與專業機構（特別是職業）之間關係的社會學論述。翻譯的重點在於精確傳達「國家」、「公民社會」、「專業」等概念，以及權力、自主性與依賴性之間的複雜關聯。
翻譯步驟與說明：
-
理解核心概念：
- "ultimate or sovereign source of coercive power"：強制性權力的最終或主權來源。
- "civil society"：公民社會（包含專業機構、組織等）。
- "professions"：專業（例如律師、醫師、學者等）。
- "subordinate to it"：從屬於國家。
- "institutions of professionalism"：專業化的制度。
- "autonomous"：自主的。
- "division of labor"：勞動分工。
- "labor markets"：勞動力市場。
- "coercive power of the state"：國家的強制力。
- "empowerment"：賦權、授權。
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分句翻譯與整合：
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"It is traditional to consider the state to be the ultimate or sovereign source of coercive power."
- 傳統上，人們將國家視為強制性權力的終極或主權來源。
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"This sharply distinguishes it from civil society, which includes professions and other institutions and which I consider separate from and subordinate to it."
- 這（國家）與公民社會有著明顯的區別，公民社會包含各種專業及其他機構，而我認為這些都與國家是分離且從屬於國家的。
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"That is how I treated the relationship between state and profession in an earlier study that ana
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