108 年 國立清華大學社會學研究所甲組《英文》
第 一 題50 分
一、請將下列英文段落翻譯成流暢的中文 (50 分)
Although the contrast between town and country is an ideal that seldom neatly maps
onto reality, environmental scholars argue that this compartmental imaginary has
become embedded in the collective conscience of Western societies as an interpretive
frame, organizing people's experience of the environment. Through this lens, the city
is idealized as an orderly grid where nonhumans are kept under control and boxed
into manicured settings such as parks and gardens. Thus, it is not only livestock that
are interpreted as taboo in the modern city. What people classify as “pests” or
"nuisance animals" are in fact those species of “wildlife" that trespass on sidewalks
and colonize human dwellings in spite of efforts to designate these spaces as human-
only places. Their unwitting “transgression” of our "spatial expectations" can be
existentially unsettling because it is read as “matter out of place."
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本題為翻譯題，旨在測驗考生對英文社會學及環境學相關詞彙與句型的理解，並將其轉換為流暢的中文。
解題思路：
- 理解核心概念： 段落探討城鄉對比的理想化想像如何影響西方社會對環境的感知，特別是城市空間如何被建構，以及「非人類」生物（如害蟲、野生動物）在城市中被視為「失序」或「不合時宜」的現象。
- 詞彙辨析：
contrast between town and country: 城鄉對比。seldom neatly maps onto reality: 很少能精確對應到現實。environmental scholars: 環境學者。compartmental imaginary: 分隔式的想像（或想像的區隔）。embedded in the collective conscience: 嵌入集體意識中。interpretive frame: 解釋框架。organizing people's experience of the environment: 組織人們對環境的體驗。idealized as an orderly grid: 被理想化為一個有序的網格。nonhumans: 非人類（指動物、植物等）。manicured settings: 精心打理的環境（如公園、花園）。livestock: 家畜。taboo: 禁忌。pests: 害蟲。nuisance animals: 令人討厭的動物。trespass on sidewalks: 侵入人行道。
第 二 題50 分
二、請將下列英文段落翻譯成流暢的中文 (50 分)
It is traditional to consider the state to be the ultimate or sovereign source of coercive
power. This sharply distinguishes it from civil society, which includes professions and
other institutions and which I consider separate from and subordinate to it. That is
how I treated the relationship between state and profession in an earlier study that
analyzed the institutions of professionalism in the United States. In discussing that
relationship, I noted that while professions, unlike other kinds of occupations, control
their own work and thus can be considered autonomous in a division of labor and in
their labor markets, they are dependent on the coercive power of the state to support
such autonomy. They are autonomous in their own economic sector but not in society
at large because they depend on the state for their empowerment.
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本題為翻譯題，旨在測驗考生對政治學、社會學領域中關於國家、公民社會、專業權力及其相互關係的英文詞彙與句型理解。
解題思路：
- 理解核心概念： 段落探討了傳統上國家被視為強制力的終極來源，並將其與包含專業機構的公民社會區分開來。作者接著闡述了在先前的研究中，他如何處理國家與專業（特別是美國的專業制度）的關係，指出專業雖然在勞動分工和勞動市場上具有自主性，但其自主性卻依賴國家的強制力來支持。
- 詞彙辨析：
traditional to consider: 傳統上認為。ultimate or sovereign source: 終極或主權來源。coercive power: 強制力、強制權力。distinguishes it from civil society: 將其與公民社會區分開來。professions and other institutions: 專業領域及其他機構。separate from and subordinate to it: 與之分離且服從於它。institutions of professionalism: 專業制度。autonomous: 自主的、獨立的。division of labor: 勞動分工。labor markets: 勞動市場。dependent on: 依賴於。empowerment: 賦權、授權。
- 句型結構分析：