109 年 國立清華大學社會學研究所甲組《英文》

第 1 題

  1. assimilation ()
  2. contingency()
  3. cultivation ()
  4. deviance ()
  5. institution ()
  6. monogamy ()
  7. operationalization ()
  8. prestige ()
  9. propaganda ()
  10. stratification()

(A) power to act in a given situation
(B) a system of inequality based on ranking people or groups based on power,
prestige, or wealth.
(C) an event that may but is not certain to occur; something not logically necessary
(D) the process of members in a subordinate group adopting aspects of a dominant
group
(E) a violation of social or cultural norms.
(F) the spreading of ideas, information, or rumor for the purpose of helping or
injuring an institution, a cause, or a person
(G) The socially recognized admiration, honor, or respect attached to certain roles
and statuses.
(H) the dependence of a phenomenon on its environment
(I) A type of marriage or sexual relationship involving a singular, permanent partner.
(J) the process of transforming an abstract concept into a precise definition that is
measurable and testable
(K) to foster the growth of
(L) a large-scale social arrangement that is stable and predictable, created and
maintained to serve the needs of society

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這一題的完整詳解

本題為單字配對題,旨在測試考生對社會學相關詞彙的理解。考生需將左側的單字與右側的定義進行配對,並注意有兩個多餘的選項。

  1. assimilation: 此字指一個群體(通常是少數群體)採納或融入主流群體的過程,包含文化、價值觀、行為等。對應的定義是 (D) the process of members in a subordinate group adopting aspects of a dominant group。
  2. contingency: 此字指一種不確定或偶然發生的事件,或者指某事物依賴於另一事物而存在。對應的定義是 (C) an event that may but is not certain to occur; something not logically necessary。
  3. cultivation: 此字指培養、耕耘,引申為透過接觸、學習等方式來發展或增長某事物。對應的定義是 (K) to foster the growth of。
  4. deviance: 此字指違反社會或文化規範的行為。對應的定義是 (E) a violation of social or cultural norms。
  5. institution: 此字指社會中具有穩定結構和功能的組織或制度,如家庭、學校、政府等。在這個選項中,沒有一個定義能完全涵蓋 institution 的廣泛意思。然而,選項 (L) a large-scale social arrangement that is stable and predictable, created and maintained to serve the needs of society 雖然更接近 "social structure" 或 "social system",但可以勉強視為與 institution 的穩定性和功能性有關。不過,此題的選項設計可能有些模糊。若以社會學角度,institution 更偏向於指社會結構的基石。
  6. monogamy: 此字指一夫一妻制,一種婚姻關係。
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第 1. 題

According to the above paragraphs, we may expect that
A. this is a qualitative research.
B. this research concerns the overseas sex tourism patterns between Taiwanese,
Japanese and Koreans, such as major travelling destinations.
C. the findings of this research will enhance our understanding of the
sex-tourism industry in Taiwan.
D. this research will reveal the working conditions for sex workers in East
Asian countries.

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這一題的完整詳解

本題為閱讀理解題,要求考生根據前面關於「 Sex-related entertainment 」的研究段落,推斷該研究的預期成果或重點。

文章提到,研究透過詢問受訪者對朋友、同事、鄰居(FCNs)的性相關消費行為的了解,來間接探究東亞地區的性相關消費。研究方法上,雖然是透過間接詢問,但作者引用了 Rindfuss et al. (2004) 的研究作為佐證,該研究採用類似方法,探討日本受訪者對家庭安排的了解,並發現受訪者特質與研究活動之間可能存在重疊,這為本研究提供了一些信心。文章也列舉了「 Sex-related entertainment 」在不同語言問卷中的具體例子,並說明了問卷中關於旅遊目的地(如東亞、東南亞、歐洲等)的問題。

分析選項:
A. this is a qualitative research: 文章提到研究中有「兩個問題」關於性相關消費(sex-related consumption),並且使用了「間接詢問」(indirect inquiry)的方式,這與定性研究的某些特徵相符。然而,研究也涉及詢問受訪者對朋友同事的了解,並統計了旅遊目的地等數據,這也帶有定量研究的成分。文章並未明確說明研究方法是純粹的定性研究。

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第 2 題

Which word best fits the underlined '2'?
A. explanation
B. services
C. jobs
D. theories

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這一題的完整詳解

本題考查填空題,需要根據上下文選擇最適合的單字填入空格。空格前的句子是:「The Korean questionnaire does not provide any ____ of 'sex-related entertainment'.」空格後是:「According to the results of cognitive interviews and the pre-test, no respondents in these states reported problems understanding what sex-related entertainments generally covered.」

上下文描述了不同國家(台灣、日本、韓國)在問卷中如何處理「sex-related entertainment」這個詞。台灣的問卷提供了具體的例子(lap dances, peep shows, live sex shows, hostess bars and escort services),日本的問卷將其定義為「erotic activities」。

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第 3 題

Which word best fits the underlined '3'?
A. illustrate
B. write
C. visit
D. indicate

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這一題的完整詳解

本題考查填空題,需要根據上下文選擇最適合的單字填入空格。空格前的句子是:「Because most respondents were able to ____ the regions or countries where these people engaged in sex-related activities overseas, it shows a certain reliability of the first question asking respondents about their knowledge of FCNs having sex-related consumption overseas.」

上下文描述了研究中一個後續問題:詢問受訪者,如果他們知道親友有海外性相關消費,是在哪些國家。受訪者有五個選項:「Eastern Asia」、「Southeastern Asia」、「Europe」、「North America」和「other places」。

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第 4 題

What is the main theme of the above passages?
A. The role of technology in the US-China trade war
B. Censorship and evolving media policy in China
C. China's digital authoritarianism
D. The competitive advantage of China's high-tech industries

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這一題的完整詳解

本題考查閱讀理解,要求考生總結文章的主要主題。文章主要探討了中國在技術發展方面的野心,特別是如何利用技術來影響國際準則和標準,以及如何透過網路和科技公司來擴大其權力與影響力。

文章提到了:

  • 中國影響國際技術準則和標準的野心。
  • 中國認識到開放網路對其權力的威脅,以及掌控全球網路空間帶來的機會。
  • 中國官員呼籲發展控制措施,確保「黨的思想」成為網路空間中最強大的聲音。
  • 透過像阿里巴巴、騰訊、百度、華為等中國互聯網公司來增強全球影響力,並推動中國的網路治理主張成為國際共識。
  • 中國公司開發的先進技術被用來監控和壓制中國國內人口,並能出口給其他國家,實現類似的控制。
  • 「數位威權主義的中國模式」('China model' of digitally enabled authoritarianism)正在擴散到中國邊界之外。
  • 技術被用於鎮壓、審查、網路關閉,以及針對部落客、記者和人權活動家,這些已成為非民主政權的標準做法。
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第 5 題

Which of the following is covered in the above passage?

  1. The CCP perceives the expansion of Chinese technology companies as a
    crucial component of its wider project of ideological and geopolitical
    expansion.
  2. Technology is a key component of the Belt and Road Initiative, which is to
    be a vast global network of infrastructure intended to enable the flow of
    trade, people and ideas between China and the rest of the world.
  3. Global consumers have demanded greater scrutiny of Chinese technology
    firms that facilitate human rights abuses in China and elsewhere.

A. 1 only
B. 2 only
C. 1 and 2 only
D. 1, 2, and 3

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這一題的完整詳解

本題要求考生判斷所列的三個敘述,哪些在文章中有提及。

我們逐一檢視:

  1. The CCP perceives the expansion of Chinese technology companies as a crucial component of its wider project of ideological and geopolitical expansion.
    文章提到:「China's ambitions to influence the international development of technological norms and standards are openly acknowledged. The CCP recognizes the threat posed by an open internet to its grip on power—and, conversely, the opportunities that dominance over global cyberspace could offer by [extending] that control. [...] This includes enhancing the 'global influence of internet companies like Alibaba, Tencent, Baidu [and] Huawei' and striving 'to push China's proposition of internet governance toward becoming an international consensus'.」
    這段話清楚表明,中國共產黨(CCP)將其科技公司的全球擴張視為增強其權力、影響力,並推動其網路治理主張成為國際共識的關鍵部分,這與「意識形態和地緣政治擴張」的目標一致。因此,敘述 1 是涵蓋在文章中的。

  2. Technology is a key component of the Belt and Road Initiative, which is to be a vast global network of infrastructure intended to enable the flow of trade, people and ideas between China and the rest of the world.

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第 6 題

The paragraph following the above passages would most probably
A. the fact that the CCP committees within the tech companies make it difficult
for these companies to be politically neutral actors
B. the case studies in which Chinese technology companies are aiding
authoritarian regimes, undermining human rights and exerting political
influence in regions around the world
C. an overview and assessment of Authoritarian Resilience Theory
D. further elaborating the definition of "Digital Democracy"

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這一題的完整詳解

本題要求考生預測緊接在所閱讀文章之後的段落可能討論的主題。文章主要探討了中國的「數位威權主義模式」(digital authoritarianism)及其在全球的擴散。文章指出了中國利用科技公司來增強其權力、影響力,並將其監控和壓制技術推向國際。同時,也提到了西方公司在中國市場的妥協,以及全球消費者對中國科技公司較少批評的現象。

我們來分析一下選項:
A. the fact that the CCP committees within the tech companies make it difficult for these companies to be politically neutral actors: 文章已經暗示了這一點,例如提到「The CCP recognizes the threat posed by an open internet to its grip on power」以及「This includes enhancing the 'global influence of internet companies...'.」CCP 對科技公司的控制是顯而易見的。緊接的段落可能會進一步闡述這種控制如何影響公司的運作,使其難以保持政治中立。這是一個可能的延續方向。

B. the case studies in which Chinese technology companies are aiding authoritarian regimes, undermining human rights and exerting political influence in regions around the world: 文章已經概括性地提到了「The 'China model' of digitally enabled authoritarianism is spreading...」以及「technology for r

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第 7 題

Which word best fits the underlined '7'?
A. invading
B. resisting
C. extending
D. owning

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這一題的完整詳解

本題考查填空題,需要根據上下文選擇最適合的單字填入空格。空格前的句子是:「The CCP recognizes the threat posed by an open internet to its grip on power—and, conversely, the opportunities that dominance over global cyberspace could offer by ____ that control.」

上下文討論的是中國共產黨(CCP)如何看待網路空間。一方面,開放的網路對其權力構成威脅;另一方面,掌控全球網路空間提供了機會。空格處的動詞應該描述中國如何利用掌控網路空間來獲取機會。

A. invading (入侵):入侵網路空間,這聽起來像是行動,但與「機會」的連結不夠直接。
B. resisting (抵抗):抵抗網路空間的控制,這與文意相反,因為文章說的是「機會」。

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第 8 題

Which word best fits the underlined '8'?
A. generating
B. campaigning
C. supervising
D. constraining

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這一題的完整詳解

本題考查填空題,需要根據上下文選擇最適合的單字填入空格。空格前的句子是:「Western technology firms have attracted heated criticism for making compromises in order to engage in the Chinese market, which often involves ____ free speech or potentially abetting human rights abuses.」

上下文描述了西方科技公司為了進入中國市場而做出的妥協,這種妥協「often involves ____ free speech or potentially abetting human rights abuses」。空格處的動詞應該描述西方公司在中國市場妥協時,對「free speech」(言論自由)採取的行動。

A. generating (產生):產生言論自由,這不合邏輯。
B. campaigning (競選,活動):競選言論自由,這也不合邏輯。

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第 一 題

一、單字配對(共20分,每小題2分。下面有10個單字,請從(A)到
(L)的意義中,找到正確的配對,其中有2個意義是多餘的選項。)

  1. assimilation ()
  2. contingency()
  3. cultivation ()
  4. deviance ()
  5. institution ()
  6. monogamy ()
  7. operationalization ()
  8. prestige ()
  9. propaganda ()
  10. stratification()

(A) power to act in a given situation
(B) a system of inequality based on ranking people or groups based on power,
prestige, or wealth.
(C) an event that may but is not certain to occur; something not logically necessary
(D) the process of members in a subordinate group adopting aspects of a dominant
group
(E) a violation of social or cultural norms.
(F) the spreading of ideas, information, or rumor for the purpose of helping or
injuring an institution, a cause, or a person
(G) The socially recognized admiration, honor, or respect attached to certain roles
and statuses.
(H) the dependence of a phenomenon on its environment
(I) A type of marriage or sexual relationship involving a singular, permanent partner.
(J) the process of transforming an abstract concept into a precise definition that is
measurable and testable
(K) to foster the growth of
(L) a large-scale social arrangement that is stable and predictable, created and
maintained to serve the needs of society

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

本題為單字配對題,旨在測試考生對社會學相關詞彙的理解。考生需將左側的單字與右側的定義進行配對,並注意有兩個多餘的選項。

  1. assimilation: 此字指一個群體(通常是少數群體)採納或融入主流群體的過程,包含文化、價值觀、行為等。對應的定義是 (D) the process of members in a subordinate group adopting aspects of a dominant group。
  2. contingency: 此字指一種不確定或偶然發生的事件,或者指某事物依賴於另一事物而存在。對應的定義是 (C) an event that may but is not certain to occur; something not logically necessary。
  3. cultivation: 此字指培養、耕耘,引申為透過接觸、學習等方式來發展或增長某事物。對應的定義是 (K) to foster the growth of。
  4. deviance: 此字指違反社會或文化規範的行為。對應的定義是 (E) a violation of social or cultural norms。
  5. institution: 此字指社會中具有穩定結構和功能的組織或制度,如家庭、學校、政府等。在這個選項中,沒有一個定義能完全涵蓋 institution 的廣泛意思。然而,選項 (L) a large-scale social arrangement that is stable and predictable, created and maintained to serve the needs of society 雖然更接近 "social structure" 或 "social system",但可以勉強視為與 institution 的穩定性和功能性有關。不過,此題的選項設計可能有些模糊。若以社會學角度,institution 更偏向於指社會結構的基石。
  6. monogamy: 此字指一夫一妻制,一種婚姻關係。
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後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

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第 1. 題

  1. According to the above paragraphs, we may expect that
    A. this is a qualitative research.
    B. this research concerns the overseas sex tourism patterns between Taiwanese,
    Japanese and Koreans, such as major travelling destinations.
    C. the findings of this research will enhance our understanding of the
    sex-tourism industry in Taiwan.
    D. this research will reveal the working conditions for sex workers in East
    Asian countries.

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

本題為閱讀理解題,要求考生根據前面關於「 Sex-related entertainment 」的研究段落,推斷該研究的預期成果或重點。

文章提到,研究透過詢問受訪者對朋友、同事、鄰居(FCNs)的性相關消費行為的了解,來間接探究東亞地區的性相關消費。研究方法上,雖然是透過間接詢問,但作者引用了 Rindfuss et al. (2004) 的研究作為佐證,該研究採用類似方法,探討日本受訪者對家庭安排的了解,並發現受訪者特質與研究活動之間可能存在重疊,這為本研究提供了一些信心。文章也列舉了「 Sex-related entertainment 」在不同語言問卷中的具體例子,並說明了問卷中關於旅遊目的地(如東亞、東南亞、歐洲等)的問題。

分析選項:
A. this is a qualitative research: 文章提到研究中有「兩個問題」關於性相關消費(sex-related consumption),並且使用了「間接詢問」(indirect inquiry)的方式,這與定性研究的某些特徵相符。然而,研究也涉及詢問受訪者對朋友同事的了解,並統計了旅遊目的地等數據,這也帶有定量研究的成分。文章並未明確說明研究方法是純粹的定性研究。

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第 2 題

  1. Which word best fits the underlined '2'?
    A. explanation
    B. services
    C. jobs
    D. theories

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這一題的完整詳解

本題考查填空題,需要根據上下文選擇最適合的單字填入空格。空格前的句子是:「The Korean questionnaire does not provide any ____ of 'sex-related entertainment'.」空格後是:「According to the results of cognitive interviews and the pre-test, no respondents in these states reported problems understanding what sex-related entertainments generally covered.」

上下文描述了不同國家(台灣、日本、韓國)在問卷中如何處理「sex-related entertainment」這個詞。台灣的問卷提供了具體的例子(lap dances, peep shows, live sex shows, hostess bars and escort services),日本的問卷將其定義為「erotic activities」。

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後續完整解題步驟與【答案】

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第 3 題

  1. Which word best fits the underlined '3'?
    A. illustrate
    B. write
    C. visit
    D. indicate

登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。

這一題的完整詳解

本題考查填空題,需要根據上下文選擇最適合的單字填入空格。空格前的句子是:「Because most respondents were able to ____ the regions or countries where these people engaged in sex-related activities overseas, it shows a certain reliability of the first question asking respondents about their knowledge of FCNs having sex-related consumption overseas.」

上下文描述了研究中一個後續問題:詢問受訪者,如果他們知道親友有海外性相關消費,是在哪些國家。受訪者有五個選項:「Eastern Asia」、「Southeastern Asia」、「Europe」、「North America」和「other places」。

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第 4 題

  1. What is the main theme of the above passages?
    A. The role of technology in the US-China trade war
    B. Censorship and evolving media policy in China
    C. China's digital authoritarianism
    D. The competitive advantage of China's high-tech industries

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這一題的完整詳解

本題考查閱讀理解,要求考生總結文章的主要主題。文章主要探討了中國在技術發展方面的野心,特別是如何利用技術來影響國際準則和標準,以及如何透過網路和科技公司來擴大其權力與影響力。

文章提到了:

  • 中國影響國際技術準則和標準的野心。
  • 中國認識到開放網路對其權力的威脅,以及掌控全球網路空間帶來的機會。
  • 中國官員呼籲發展控制措施,確保「黨的思想」成為網路空間中最強大的聲音。
  • 透過像阿里巴巴、騰訊、百度、華為等中國互聯網公司來增強全球影響力,並推動中國的網路治理主張成為國際共識。
  • 中國公司開發的先進技術被用來監控和壓制中國國內人口,並能出口給其他國家,實現類似的控制。
  • 「數位威權主義的中國模式」('China model' of digitally enabled authoritarianism)正在擴散到中國邊界之外。
  • 技術被用於鎮壓、審查、網路關閉,以及針對部落客、記者和人權活動家,這些已成為非民主政權的標準做法。
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第 5 題

  1. Which of the following is covered in the above passage?
  2. The CCP perceives the expansion of Chinese technology companies as a
    crucial component of its wider project of ideological and geopolitical
    expansion.
  3. Technology is a key component of the Belt and Road Initiative, which is to
    be a vast global network of infrastructure intended to enable the flow of
    trade, people and ideas between China and the rest of the world.
  4. Global consumers have demanded greater scrutiny of Chinese technology
    firms that facilitate human rights abuses in China and elsewhere.

A. 1 only
B. 2 only
C. 1 and 2 only
D. 1, 2, and 3

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這一題的完整詳解

本題要求考生判斷所列的三個敘述,哪些在文章中有提及。

我們逐一檢視:

  1. The CCP perceives the expansion of Chinese technology companies as a crucial component of its wider project of ideological and geopolitical expansion.
    文章提到:「China's ambitions to influence the international development of technological norms and standards are openly acknowledged. The CCP recognizes the threat posed by an open internet to its grip on power—and, conversely, the opportunities that dominance over global cyberspace could offer by [extending] that control. [...] This includes enhancing the 'global influence of internet companies like Alibaba, Tencent, Baidu [and] Huawei' and striving 'to push China's proposition of internet governance toward becoming an international consensus'.」
    這段話清楚表明,中國共產黨(CCP)將其科技公司的全球擴張視為增強其權力、影響力,並推動其網路治理主張成為國際共識的關鍵部分,這與「意識形態和地緣政治擴張」的目標一致。因此,敘述 1 是涵蓋在文章中的。

  2. Technology is a key component of the Belt and Road Initiative, which is to be a vast global network of infrastructure intended to enable the flow of trade, people and ideas between China and the rest of the world.

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第 6 題

  1. The paragraph following the above passages would most probably
    A. the fact that the CCP committees within the tech companies make it difficult
    for these companies to be politically neutral actors
    B. the case studies in which Chinese technology companies are aiding
    authoritarian regimes, undermining human rights and exerting political
    influence in regions around the world
    C. an overview and assessment of Authoritarian Resilience Theory
    D. further elaborating the definition of "Digital Democracy"

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這一題的完整詳解

本題要求考生預測緊接在所閱讀文章之後的段落可能討論的主題。文章主要探討了中國的「數位威權主義模式」(digital authoritarianism)及其在全球的擴散。文章指出了中國利用科技公司來增強其權力、影響力,並將其監控和壓制技術推向國際。同時,也提到了西方公司在中國市場的妥協,以及全球消費者對中國科技公司較少批評的現象。

我們來分析一下選項:
A. the fact that the CCP committees within the tech companies make it difficult for these companies to be politically neutral actors: 文章已經暗示了這一點,例如提到「The CCP recognizes the threat posed by an open internet to its grip on power」以及「This includes enhancing the 'global influence of internet companies...'.」CCP 對科技公司的控制是顯而易見的。緊接的段落可能會進一步闡述這種控制如何影響公司的運作,使其難以保持政治中立。這是一個可能的延續方向。

B. the case studies in which Chinese technology companies are aiding authoritarian regimes, undermining human rights and exerting political influence in regions around the world: 文章已經概括性地提到了「The 'China model' of digitally enabled authoritarianism is spreading...」以及「technology for r

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第 7 題

  1. Which word best fits the underlined '7'?
    A. invading
    B. resisting
    C. extending
    D. owning

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這一題的完整詳解

本題考查填空題,需要根據上下文選擇最適合的單字填入空格。空格前的句子是:「The CCP recognizes the threat posed by an open internet to its grip on power—and, conversely, the opportunities that dominance over global cyberspace could offer by ____ that control.」

上下文討論的是中國共產黨(CCP)如何看待網路空間。一方面,開放的網路對其權力構成威脅;另一方面,掌控全球網路空間提供了機會。空格處的動詞應該描述中國如何利用掌控網路空間來獲取機會。

A. invading (入侵):入侵網路空間,這聽起來像是行動,但與「機會」的連結不夠直接。
B. resisting (抵抗):抵抗網路空間的控制,這與文意相反,因為文章說的是「機會」。

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第 8 題

  1. Which word best fits the underlined '8'?
    A. generating
    B. campaigning
    C. supervising
    D. constraining

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這一題的完整詳解

本題考查填空題,需要根據上下文選擇最適合的單字填入空格。空格前的句子是:「Western technology firms have attracted heated criticism for making compromises in order to engage in the Chinese market, which often involves ____ free speech or potentially abetting human rights abuses.」

上下文描述了西方科技公司為了進入中國市場而做出的妥協,這種妥協「often involves ____ free speech or potentially abetting human rights abuses」。空格處的動詞應該描述西方公司在中國市場妥協時,對「free speech」(言論自由)採取的行動。

A. generating (產生):產生言論自由,這不合邏輯。
B. campaigning (競選,活動):競選言論自由,這也不合邏輯。

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