112 年 國立成功大學地球科學研究所乙組《科學英文（以科學論文閱讀測驗及作文為測驗內容）》
第 1 題
Multiple Choice Question (30%)
Find a proper/correct description or geological term corresponding to the question.
- A block of crust that collided with a continent at a convergent margin and stayed attached to the continent.
A) accretionary prism
B) cratonic platform
C) accreted terrane
D) bedrock
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本題考查的是地殼碰撞與構造相關的詞彙。
核心觀念：在板塊構造中，當兩個板塊碰撞時，會產生不同的地質現象與構造。
解析：
題目描述「一個地殼區塊，在匯合邊界與大陸碰撞，並附著在大陸上」。
(A) 增積岩漿(accretionary prism)：通常指在俯衝帶前端，由俯衝板塊上刮下來的沉積物堆積而成的楔狀構造，附著在上方板塊的邊緣。
第 2 題
- Regolith
A) The original rock from which a metamorphic rock formed
B) Any kind of unconsolidated debris that covers bedrock
C) Rock made from fragments that were blown out of a volcano during an explosion
D) The geologic unit that serves as the primary source of groundwater in a region
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本題考查的是「風化殘積土」的定義。
核心觀念：風化作用使岩石破碎，形成覆蓋在基岩上的鬆散物質。
解析：
題目要求解釋「Regolith」，即風化殘積土。
(A) 變質岩的母岩：這是指變質岩形成前的原始岩石，與風化殘積土無關。
(B) 覆蓋在基岩上的任何一種鬆散碎屑：這是 Regolith 的標準定義，包含物理風化和化學風化產生的土壤、碎石等。
第 3 題
- A fragment or grain produced by the physical or chemical weathering of a pre-existing rock.
A) Clay
B) Chert
C) Chalk
D) Clast
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本題考查的是地質學中關於岩石碎屑的術語。
核心觀念：風化作用產生的物質種類。
解析：
題目描述「由先前存在的岩石經過物理或化學風化作用產生的碎片或顆粒」。
(A) 黏土(Clay)：是極細小的礦物顆粒，是風化產物之一，但「Clast」是一個更廣泛的詞。
第 4 題
- A fault that does not intersect the ground surface
A) Transform fault
B) Blind fault
C) Strike-slip fault
D) Normal dip-slip fault
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本題考查的是斷層的分類與命名。
核心觀念：斷層與地表的接觸關係。
解析：
題目描述「一條不與地表相交的斷層」。
(A) 轉換斷層(Transform fault)：是兩板塊沿著走向水平錯動的斷層，通常會貫穿地表。
(B) 盲斷層(Blind fault)：是指在地表沒有明顯斷層跡象，即斷層面未延伸至地表，因而無法直接在地表觀察到的斷層。這完全符合題意。
第 5 題
- Assimilation
A) A process during which materials dissolve in water.
B) The process of magma contamination in which blocks of wall rock fall into a magma chamber and
dissolve.
C) The mixing of sediment by burrowing animals such as clams and worms.
D) The process of two buoyant pieces of lithosphere converging and squashing together
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本題考查的是地質學中「同化作用」的定義。
核心觀念：岩漿與圍岩的相互作用。
解析：
題目要求解釋「Assimilation」（同化作用）。
(A) 材料在水中溶解：這是溶解作用(dissolution)，是化學作用的一種，與岩漿同化作用不同。
(B) 岩漿房中圍岩塊體落入並溶解，導致岩漿被污染的過程：這是同化作用的標準定義。
第 6 題
- Geochronology
A) The science of dating geologic events in years.
B) the study of the history of life on Earth as based on fossil.
C) the scientific study of humanity, concerned with human behavior, human biology, cultures, societies,
and linguistics.
D) the scientific study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture.
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本題考查的是地質學術語「年代地質學」(Geochronology) 的定義。
核心觀念：地質時間的測量與確定。
解析：
題目要求解釋「Geochronology」。
(A) 測定地質事件年代的科學：這是 Geochronology 的核心定義，涵蓋放射性定年、地層對比等方法來確定地質事件發生的時間。
第 7 題
- Plankton
A) Thin soil, formed in arid climates. It contains very little organic matter, but significant precipitated
calcite
B) Tiny grains involved in plant reproduction.
C) Tiny plants and animals that float in sea or lake water
D) A layer of rotten rock created by chemical weathering in warm, wet climates
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本題考查的是生物學和海洋學中的術語「浮游生物」(Plankton) 的定義。
核心觀念：生物的棲息方式。
解析：
題目要求解釋「Plankton」。
(A) 在乾旱氣候形成的薄土壤：這描述的是一種土壤類型，與浮游生物無關。
(B) 參與植物繁殖的微小顆粒：這是花粉(pollen)或孢子(spore)的描述。
第 8 題
- Rock formed during dynamic metamorphism and characterized by foliation that lies roughly parallel to the
fault (shear zone) involved in the shearing process
A) mylonite
B) quartize
C) marble
D) schist
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本題考查的是變質岩的種類及其形成條件。
核心觀念：動態變質作用與剪切帶。
解析：
題目描述「在動態變質作用期間形成，並具有大致平行於涉及剪切過程的斷層（剪切帶）的葉理」。
(A) 糜稜岩(mylonite)：是強烈剪切變形作用（動態變質）在近地表的斷層帶（剪切帶）中形成的岩石。其特徵是高度變形的礦物顆粒和明顯的葉理，通常與剪切帶的走向平行。這完全符合題目描述。
(B) 石英岩(quartzite)：是由石英砂岩經過區域變質或接觸變質作用形成的變質岩，主要成分是石英。
第 9 題
- Which one is the largest (longest) subdivision of geologic time?
A) period
B) epoch
C) era
D) eon
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本題考查的是地質時間尺度(Geologic Time Scale)的層級劃分。
核心觀念：地質時間的單位大小順序。
解析：
題目詢問「哪個是地質時間最大（最長）的劃分單位？」
地質時間的劃分單位由大到小順序為：
- 冥古宙 (Eon)
- 宙 (Era)
第 10 題
- Albedo
A) A map illustrating the shape of the ocean floor
B) One of the fragments of solid material, left over from planet formation or produced by the collision of
planetesimals, that resides between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.
C) The reflectivity of a surface
D) Tiny solid particles or liquid droplets that remain suspended in the atmosphere for a long time.
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本題考查的是物理學和氣象學中的術語「反照率」(Albedo) 的定義。
核心觀念：表面反射太陽輻射的能力。
解析：
題目要求解釋「Albedo」。
(A) 描繪海底形狀的地圖：這是海圖(chart)或海底地形圖(bathymetric map)。
第 11 題
Translation (40%)
Please translate the following paragraphs concisely into Chinese.
The silicate mineral class takes up 80% volume of Earth and is the most abundant resource on Earth. The
human being's use of silicates (ceramic) can be dated back to as early as 30,000 years ago. Nowadays,
silicates have been applied to paints and coatings, food products, pharmaceutical products, and electronic
applications. This is due to their bountiful crystal structures, from isolated-, chain-, sheet- to framework
structure, which allows accommodating various sizes of cations within, resulting in their applicable
properties.
The composition of Me2SiO4, with isolated SiO4 tetrahedra, adopts different crystal structures; olivine-,
K2SO4-related and phenacite-types when replacing different ionic sizes of 'Me'. For instance, the olivine
mineral, (Mg, Fe)2SiO4, is the most geologically significant member at upper mantle conditions; the phase
transition of (Mg, Fe)2SiO4 olivine to modified spinel structure is thought to be the cause of the observed
seismic velocity discontinuity at a depth of 410 km at the Earth's mantle. Aside from existing in nature, like
(Mg, Fe)2SiO4 olivine, some of the orthosilicate family have been widely applied in various technologies,
such as phosphor materials, dielectric and corrosion protective coatings, like Zn2SiO4, (Ba, Sr,Ca)2SiO4,
Mn2SiO4, MgCaSiO4, etc.
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本題為翻譯題，要求將兩段英文科學文獻翻譯成簡潔的中文。
核心觀念：準確理解科學術語和句子結構，並以中文清晰表達。
翻譯：
第一段：
英文原文：The silicate mineral class takes up 80% volume of Earth and is the most abundant resource on Earth. The human being's use of silicates (ceramic) can be dated back to as early as 30,000 years ago. Nowadays, silicates have been applied to paints and coatings, food products, pharmaceutical products, and electronic applications. This is due to their bountiful crystal structures, from isolated-, chain-, sheet- to framework structure, which allows accommodating various sizes of cations within, resulting in their applicable properties.
中文翻譯：矽酸鹽礦物類佔地球體積的 80%，是地球上最豐富的資源。人類對矽酸鹽（陶瓷）的使用可追溯到約 3 萬年前。如今，矽酸鹽已應用於油漆、塗料、食品、藥品和電子產品。這是因為它們擁有豐富的晶體結構，從獨立的單元、鏈狀、片狀到骨架結構，能夠容納各種尺寸的陽離子，從而產生其適用特性。
第二段：
英文原文：The composition of Me2SiO4, with isolated SiO4 tetrahedra, adopts different crystal structures; olivine-, K2SO4-related and phenacite-types when replacing differen
第 12 題
English Composition (30%)
Now you are the teaching assistant of the petrology course. In order to study mineralogy and petrography, a
thin section of rock is needed for the purpose. The lecturer has asked you to lay out the instruction for
preparing the thin section for students. Please write down the SOP (Standard Operation Procedure) step by
step on how to prepare the thin section from the rock hand specimen using different tools or machines in the
laboratory. In the end, you also need to instruct the students on how to determine the thickness of the thin
section.
(P.S. Here are a few pieces of equipment you are going to need: glass slides, slab saw, grinder, hot plate,
Canada balsam, sandpaper and lap wheels, etc. The working tools and machinery for the preparation of thin
sections are not restricted mentioned above if you have more knowledge about making optical thin section.)
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本題為英文寫作題，要求考生以一位岩石學課程的助教身份，撰寫一份標準操作程序 (SOP)，說明如何從岩石樣本製作薄片，並指導學生如何測量薄片厚度。
核心觀念：組織清晰、步驟詳盡、用語專業的科學寫作。
寫作架構與內容建議：
標題：
Standard Operation Procedure for Preparing Thin Sections
引言 (Introduction)：
說明製作薄片的目的（用於礦物學和岩石學研究），並簡述 SOP 的重要性。
"This Standard Operation Procedure (SOP) outlines the detailed steps for preparing a rock thin section from a hand specimen. Thin sections are crucial for microscopic examination in mineralogy and petrography."
所需材料與設備 (Materials and Equipment)：
列出題目中提到的主要設備，並可補充其他可能需要的物品。
"Materials: Rock hand specimen, glass slides, Canada balsam (mounting medium).
Equipment: Slab saw, grinding machine, hot plate, sandpaper, lap wheels, microscope, thickness gauge (optional but recommended)."
標準操作程序 (Standard Operation Procedure)：
將製作過程分解為清晰、具體的步驟，並使用祈使句或說明性語氣。
-
Sample Preparation (樣本準備)：
- Select a representative portion of the rock hand specimen.
- Cut a small, flat-surfaced piece (approximately 2x3 cm) from the specimen using a slab saw. Ensure the cut surface is as smooth as possible.
-
Mounting (黏貼)：
- Clean the glass slide thoroughly.
- Place a thin layer of Canada balsam on the clean glass slide.
- Place the cut rock piece onto the balsam with the cut surface facing down, pressing gently to ensure good contact.
- Heat the slide on a hot plate at a low to medium temperature (e.g., 100-120°C) until the balsam melts and spreads evenly, creating a strong bond. Avoid overheating.
- Allow the slide with the mounted rock piece to cool completely.
-
Grinding (研磨)：
- Once cooled, carefully grind the back surface of the rock piece (the side now facing up) using a grinding machine or abrasive paper. Start with a coarser grit (e.g., 100-200 grit) and progress to finer grits (e.g., 400-600 grit).
- Periodically rinse the rock surface with water to remove debris and check the progress. The goal is to achieve a very thin, uniform surface.