112 年 國立清華大學中國文學系碩士班甲組《英文》

The coronavirus pandemic has changed working conditions worldwide. Millions of people have switched from working in their offices to working remotely at home. A Japanese company has ____ a novel measure to ____ workers back into the office. The technology giant Fujitsu is allowing some of its workers to bring their pet dogs to work with them.

A. initiated; entice
B. begun; seduce
C. activated; attract
D. created; draw

Further light has been ____ on the possible dangers of eating ultra-processed food. A new study has ____ that consuming food such as sausages, frozen pizza, ready-to-eat meals, sodas and cakes can increase the risk of cancer, heart disease or an earlier death.

A. sprinkled; showed
B. casted; related
C. shed; revealed
D. spotted; reached

Everyone is familiar with the Nobel Prizes, which are awarded for physics, chemistry, medicine, literature, and peace. These are given to those who have contributed "the greatest benefit to humankind". However, the Ig Nobel Prize is ____ to "honor ____ that first make people laugh, and then make them think".

A. given; works
B. bestowed; achievements
C. known; experiments
D. designed; measures

ANU's Gender Institute issued a list of ____ terms for everyday words like 'mother' and 'father'. The switch in vocabulary is part of an initiative to encourage more gender-neutral language. Staff are being asked to use the term ____ parent' instead of 'mother,' and 'non-birthing parent' in place of 'father'. The institute's gender handbook claims the words 'mother' and 'father' exclude non-binary people.

A. new; legal
B. alternate; step
C. replacement; gestational
D. supply; birthing

A mutation is a tiny change in the sequence of the DNA that can occur when a cell divides. This change causes a slight difference in the DNA ____ process. A single, tiny change can create differences in height, intelligence, eye colour and even in ____ to disease.

A. amplification; sensitivity
B. similarity; awareness
C. original; perceptivity
D. replication; susceptibility

Scientists may soon be able to ____ what someone is saying simply by analyzing their brainwaves as they speak. This ____ advance in neuroscience would help millions of people who suffer from communication problems and neurological disorders. The scientists developed a form of artificial intelligence that can decode brainwaves and translate them into text.

A. translate; insubordinate
B. imitate; mutinous
C. illustrate; radical
D. interpret; revolutionary

The year 2020 has been a ____ one for educators. Hundreds of thousands of teachers across the globe had to get to grips with online platforms to deliver their lessons. Millions of students were stuck at home doing their lessons via websites like Zoom. This has created an ____ transformation in education as technology has taken centre stage.

A. tumultuous; unprecedented
B. hectic; irreversible
C. depressive; peaceful
D. challenging; quiet

A new study from the Pew Research Center has revealed that most adults under 30 years old are now living with their parents. A ____ factor to this spike is the economic downturn and a rise in unemployment caused by coronavirus. It is a difficult situation that has been ____ by the pandemic.

A. possible; infuriated
B. contributory; exacerbated
C. responsible; enraged
D. conducive; worsen

Global tech giant Google has added 24 new languages spoken by more than 300 million people to its Google Translate platform. The company says the new languages also represent a technical milestone, explaining that they use a machine learning model which learns to "translate into another language (1) ____ ever seeing an example." This can be useful (2) ____ languages where large datasets of human translations, which can be used to train a computer, are not available.

A. without
B. despite
C. before
D. through

Global tech giant Google has added 24 new languages spoken by more than 300 million people to its Google Translate platform. The company says the new languages also represent a technical milestone, explaining that they use a machine learning model which learns to "translate into another language (1) ____ ever seeing an example." This can be useful (2) ____ languages where large datasets of human translations, which can be used to train a computer, are not available.

A. for
B. in
C. to
D. with

But the company admits that the technology is not perfect. So will the translations be accurate? Some polyglots have noted problems (3) ____ the languages already available. "For many supported languages, (4) ____ the largest languages in Africa that we have supported - say like Yoruba, Igbo, the translation is not great. It will definitely get the idea (5) ____, but often it will lose much (6) ____ the subtlety of the language," Google Translate research scientist Isaac Caswell said.

A. with
B. in
C. about
D. of

But the company admits that the technology is not perfect. So will the translations be accurate? Some polyglots have noted problems (3) ____ the languages already available. "For many supported languages, (4) ____ the largest languages in Africa that we have supported - say like Yoruba, Igbo, the translation is not great. It will definitely get the idea (5) ____, but often it will lose much (6) ____ the subtlety of the language," Google Translate research scientist Isaac Caswell said.

A. regarding
B. considering
C. including
D. concerning

But the company admits that the technology is not perfect. So will the translations be accurate? Some polyglots have noted problems (3) ____ the languages already available. "For many supported languages, (4) ____ the largest languages in Africa that we have supported - say like Yoruba, Igbo, the translation is not great. It will definitely get the idea (5) ____, but often it will lose much (6) ____ the subtlety of the language," Google Translate research scientist Isaac Caswell said.

A. across
B. through
C. into
D. with

But the company admits that the technology is not perfect. So will the translations be accurate? Some polyglots have noted problems (3) ____ the languages already available. "For many supported languages, (4) ____ the largest languages in Africa that we have supported - say like Yoruba, Igbo, the translation is not great. It will definitely get the idea (5) ____, but often it will lose much (6) ____ the subtlety of the language," Google Translate research scientist Isaac Caswell said.

A. of
B. from
C. with
D. in

(7) ____ the new languages, he said, it would be no different. But the people who helped (8) ____ the research said it was a good place to start. "In the end, we have to make the call. And my impression (9) ____ other people I have talked to was that it was a very positive thing for them," Mr Caswell said. In 2020, Google Translate added five new languages to the platform (10) ____ what was then its first expansion in the past few years.

A. With
B. Despite
C. Regarding
D. Concerning

(7) ____ the new languages, he said, it would be no different. But the people who helped (8) ____ the research said it was a good place to start. "In the end, we have to make the call. And my impression (9) ____ other people I have talked to was that it was a very positive thing for them," Mr Caswell said. In 2020, Google Translate added five new languages to the platform (10) ____ what was then its first expansion in the past few years.

A. with
B. on
C. in
D. through

(7) ____ the new languages, he said, it would be no different. But the people who helped (8) ____ the research said it was a good place to start. "In the end, we have to make the call. And my impression (9) ____ other people I have talked to was that it was a very positive thing for them," Mr Caswell said. In 2020, Google Translate added five new languages to the platform (10) ____ what was then its first expansion in the past few years.

A. of
B. from
C. with
D. about

(7) ____ the new languages, he said, it would be no different. But the people who helped (8) ____ the research said it was a good place to start. "In the end, we have to make the call. And my impression (9) ____ other people I have talked to was that it was a very positive thing for them," Mr Caswell said. In 2020, Google Translate added five new languages to the platform (10) ____ what was then its first expansion in the past few years.

A. marking
B. marking up
C. marked
D. to mark

What's the right thing to do? This kind of question has occupied philosophers and ethicists for lifetimes. Countless essays even a book or two - have been written on its implications. The scenario allows us to reduce decision making to a simple set of data and a single choice. Most of us think that's how decisions get made. They tried these thought experiments in classical China, too. But our Chinese thinkers weren't as intrigued. This is a fine intellectual game, they determined, but you can play these games all day long, and they will have no impact on how you live your ordinary everyday life. None whatsoever. The way we think we're living our lives isn't the way we live them. The way we think we make decisions isn't how we make them. Even if you did find yourself in that trolley yard someday, about to see someone killed by an oncoming trolley, your response would have nothing to do with rational calculation. Our emotions and instincts take over in these situations, and they guide our less spontaneous decisions as well, even when we think we're being deliberate and rational: What should I have for dinner? Where should I live? Whom should I marry?

(1) Why does the author discuss the trolley example?
A. He uses it to illustrate Western approaches to ethics
B. He uses it to show how Chinese thinkers valued life
C. He uses it to show the superiority of Western ethical thinking
D. He uses it to denounce Chinese ethics

What's the right thing to do? This kind of question has occupied philosophers and ethicists for lifetimes. Countless essays even a book or two - have been written on its implications. The scenario allows us to reduce decision making to a simple set of data and a single choice. Most of us think that's how decisions get made. They tried these thought experiments in classical China, too. But our Chinese thinkers weren't as intrigued. This is a fine intellectual game, they determined, but you can play these games all day long, and they will have no impact on how you live your ordinary everyday life. None whatsoever. The way we think we're living our lives isn't the way we live them. The way we think we make decisions isn't how we make them. Even if you did find yourself in that trolley yard someday, about to see someone killed by an oncoming trolley, your response would have nothing to do with rational calculation. Our emotions and instincts take over in these situations, and they guide our less spontaneous decisions as well, even when we think we're being deliberate and rational: What should I have for dinner? Where should I live? Whom should I marry?

(2) What would Chinese philosophers think of the trolly example?
A. They would have definitely liked it
B. They would have dismissed it as an impractical intellectual game
C. They would have approved of the single choice it offered
D. They would have thought it represents how we think when we are living our lives

What's the right thing to do? This kind of question has occupied philosophers and ethicists for lifetimes. Countless essays even a book or two - have been written on its implications. The scenario allows us to reduce decision making to a simple set of data and a single choice. Most of us think that's how decisions get made. They tried these thought experiments in classical China, too. But our Chinese thinkers weren't as intrigued. This is a fine intellectual game, they determined, but you can play these games all day long, and they will have no impact on how you live your ordinary everyday life. None whatsoever. The way we think we're living our lives isn't the way we live them. The way we think we make decisions isn't how we make them. Even if you did find yourself in that trolley yard someday, about to see someone killed by an oncoming trolley, your response would have nothing to do with rational calculation. Our emotions and instincts take over in these situations, and they guide our less spontaneous decisions as well, even when we think we're being deliberate and rational: What should I have for dinner? Where should I live? Whom should I marry?

(3) What does the author think of the trolley example?
A. He thinks it represents how people make decisions in daily life
B. He thinks it ignores the importance of emotions and instincts
C. He thinks it is how we decided who to marry
D. He thinks it is the key to understanding human morality

From Ronald Egan, The Problem of Beauty: Aesthetic Thought and Pursuits in Northern Song Dynasty China

Throughout the tenth and much of the eleventh century, most song lyrics were words set to music and intended to be sung. Later, the form became more literary and no longer so closely linked to music or oral performance. The prosodic pattern of a tune, consisting typically of a succession of lines of variable lengths, could be thought of as a purely metrical template, and new words could be set to it without any thought for whether or not they would ever be sung. When that happened, the oral form was transformed into a written medium.

請將以上段落翻譯成中文。