115 年 國立成功大學外文研究所甲組《英國文學》
第 I 題20 分
Close Reading (20%)
Please read the passage below closely and examine its significance in accordance with the following directives. Please write a paragraph between five to seven sentences.
A. Identify and analyse key words and/or themes.
B. Analyse the literary device(s) present in the passage and their effects.
Mary Wollstonecraft, from 'Introduction', A Vindication of the Rights of Woman
The conduct and manners of women, in fact, evidently prove that their minds are not in a healthy state; for, like the flowers which are planted in too rich a soil, strength and usefulness are sacrificed to beauty; and the flaunting leaves, after having pleased a fastidious eye, fade, disregarded on the stalk, long before the season when they ought to have arrived at maturity.-One cause of this barren blooming I attribute to a false system of education, gathered from the books written on this subject by men who, considering females rather as women than human creatures, have been more anxious to make them alluring mistresses than affectionate wives and rational mothers; and the understanding of the sex has been so bubbled by this specious homage, that the civilized women of the present century, with a few exceptions, are only anxious to inspire love, when they ought to cherish a nobler ambition, and by their abilities and virtues exact respect.
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此題為「Close Reading」題型，要求考生閱讀一段文字，並根據指示分析其中的關鍵字、主題，以及使用的文學手法及其效果。考生需寫一篇五到七個句子的段落來回應。
核心觀念： 文本解讀、文學批評、修辭分析。
解題步驟：
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仔細閱讀文本： 閱讀 Mary Wollstonecraft 的《女權辯護》引言，理解其核心論點。
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分析關鍵字與主題 (A)：
- 關鍵字： "healthy state" (心智狀態不健康), "sacrificed to beauty" (為了美貌犧牲), "barren blooming" (徒勞的綻放), "false system of education" (錯誤的教育體系), "alluring mistresses" (誘人的情婦) vs. "affectionate wives and rational mothers" (有愛心的妻子與理性的母親), "specious homage" (虛假的奉承), "nobler ambition" (更崇高的抱負), "exact respect" (贏得尊重)。
- 主題：
- 女性的教育與社會角色：作者批判當時社會對女性的教育方式，認為這種教育將女性塑造成取悅男性的對象，而非具備獨立思考能力的個體。
- 美貌與實用性/理性之間的衝突：女性被鼓勵追求外在美貌，卻犧牲了內在的「strength and usefulness」與理性思考能力。
- 男性對女性的壓迫：作者指出，男性主導的教育體系和社會觀念，將女性限制在特定的、不健康的框架內。
- 女性應有的抱負：作者主張女性應追求「nobler ambition」而非僅僅是「inspire love」，透過自身能力與品德贏得尊重。
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分析文學手法及其效果 (B)：
- 譬喻 (Simile)： "like the flowers which are planted in too rich a soil, strength and usefulness are sacrificed to beauty; and the flaunting leaves... fade, disregarded on the stalk, long before the season when they ought to have arrived at maturity."
- 效果： 這個譬喻生動地描繪了女性因錯誤教育而導致的「徒勞的綻放」。如同種植在過於肥沃土壤中的花朵，過度追求美觀而忽略了生長所需，最終葉子美麗卻無實用價值，很快就凋謝，無法達到成熟的季節。這有力地強調了女性被過度關注外表而犧牲了心智與品德發展的悲劇。
- 對比 (Contrast)：
- "alluring mistresses" vs. "affectionate wives and rational mothers"
- "inspire love" vs. "cherish a nobler ambition, and by their abilities and virtues exact respect"
- 效果： 這些對比突顯了作者對當時社會對女性期望的批判，以及她所主張的女性應有的價值觀。她強調女性應追求更為深刻、更有意義的人生目標，而非僅僅是迎合社會對女性的刻板印象。
- 象徵 (Symbolism)：
- "flowers" (花朵)：象徵女性。
- 譬喻 (Simile)： "like the flowers which are planted in too rich a soil, strength and usefulness are sacrificed to beauty; and the flaunting leaves... fade, disregarded on the stalk, long before the season when they ought to have arrived at maturity."
第 II 題80 分
Essay (80%)
Please choose two from the three questions below and write an essay for each. Each essay is worth 40 points.
- Please select a literary work from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries to discuss how a text represents and interrogates the concept of good and evil.
- Please select a literary work from 1850 to 1945 to illustrate how a text explores issues of gender and sexuality.
- Please select a literary work after 1945 to comment on how our understanding of 'English' is shaped by colonial and postcolonial tensions.
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此題為申論題，考生需從三個問題中選擇兩個，並為每個問題撰寫一篇論文。每篇論文佔 40 分，總計 80 分。這部分旨在評估考生對英國文學史的掌握程度、文本分析能力、論證能力以及寫作組織能力。
核心觀念： 英國文學史分期、文學主題分析、文化與社會議題探討、學術寫作。
解題策略：
- 仔細審題： 清楚理解每個問題的要求，特別是文學作品的年代範圍、探討的核心議題（善惡、性別與性向、殖民與後殖民）。
- 選擇最熟悉的題目： 根據自己對特定時期文學作品的了解程度，選擇兩個最有把握回答的問題。
- 構思論文結構： 每篇論文都應包含標準的學術論文結構：
- 引言 (Introduction)： 簡述所選作品、作者、時代背景，提出論文主旨（thesis statement），概述文章將如何論證。
- 主體段落 (Body Paragraphs)： 針對論文主旨，分段闡述論點。每個段落應有一個中心思想，並引用作品中的具體例子（引文、情節、人物分析）來支持論點。
- 問題 1 (善與惡)： 選擇十七、十八世紀的作品，分析其如何描繪善與惡的本質、來源、表現形式，以及作者對這些概念的看法。可能的作品包括：John Milton 的《失樂園》(Paradise Lost)、Daniel Defoe 的《魯賓遜漂流記》(Robinson Crusoe)、Jonathan Swift 的《格列佛遊記》(Gulliver's Travels)、Jane Austen 的小說（如《傲慢與偏見》中對道德判斷的探討）。