113 年 國立成功大學細胞生物與解剖研究所《科學英文》
第 1 題60 分
Please translate the following paragraph into Chinese. (60%)
Therein lies the problem with body mass index (BMI). Derived by dividing someone's weight in kilograms by the square of their height in meters, a BMI number classifies a person as underweight (less than 18.5), normal weight (18.5 to 24.9), overweight (25 to 29.9) or obese (30 or more). But that simple formula obscures critical details such as the difference between muscle and fat.
The shortcomings of BMI have been recognized for decades. Yet physicians kept using it as a quick way to diagnose obesity and as a proxy for overall health. In 2013 the American Medical Association recognized obesity as a disease and noted that it often leads to many dangerous conditions, including cancer, diabetes and heart disease. The risks of obesity haven't changed.
A recent study showed just how imprecise BMI can be. A physiologist and epidemiologist at Tel Aviv University, and his colleagues looked at data on about 3,000 men and women. Roughly one third of those whose BMI placed them in the normal range were found to be obese when their actual body fat was measured. And a third of those who were identified as overweight by their BMI had normal amounts of body fat. If you are combining the misclassification on both sides, using BMI to determine obesity is like flipping a coin.
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本題為翻譯題，要求將一段關於身體質量指數（BMI）的英文短文翻譯成中文。翻譯的重點在於準確傳達原文的語意、專業術語的翻譯，以及行文的流暢性。
翻譯步驟與重點：
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理解原文主旨： 整段文字在探討 BMI 的問題，指出其計算方式簡單但忽略了體組成（肌肉與脂肪的比例），導致判斷不精確。儘管 BMI 的缺點早已被發現，但仍被廣泛使用。近期研究更顯示 BMI 的誤判率很高，將正常體重者誤判為肥胖，或將過重者判斷為體脂正常，其準確性如同拋硬幣。
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逐句翻譯與術語處理：
- "Therein lies the problem with body mass index (BMI)."
- "Therein lies the problem" 意為「問題就在於此」，可譯為「這正是身體質量指數（BMI）的問題所在」。
- "body mass index (BMI)" 應翻譯為「身體質量指數（BMI）」。
- "Derived by dividing someone's weight in kilograms by the square of their height in meters, a BMI number classifies a person as underweight (less than 18.5), normal weight (18.5 to 24.9), overweight (25 to 29.9) or obese (30 or more)."
- "Derived by dividing..." 意為「透過將某人的體重（公斤）除以其身高（公尺）的平方計算而得」，可簡化為「BMI 是透過將體重（公斤）除以身高（公尺）的平方來計算」。
- "classifies a person as" 意為「將一個人歸類為」。
- "underweight", "normal weight", "overweight", "obese" 是標準術語，應翻譯為「體重過輕」、「正常體重」、「體重過重」、「肥胖」。
- 數值範圍需保留。
- "But that simple formula obscures critical details such as the difference between muscle and fat."
- "obscures critical details" 意為「掩蓋了關鍵細節」。
- "such as the difference between muscle and fat" 意為「例如肌肉與脂肪的差異」。
- "The shortcomings of BMI have been recognized for decades."
- "shortcomings" 意為「缺點」、「不足之處」。
- "recognized for decades" 意為「數十年來已被認知」。
- "Yet physicians kept using it as a quick way to diagnose obesity and as a proxy for overall health."
- "Yet" 意為「然而」、「儘管如此」。
- "kept using it" 意為「持續使用它」。
- "a quick way to diagnose obesity" 意為「診斷肥胖的快速方法」。
- "a proxy for overall health" 意為「整體健康的指標」。
- "In 2013 the American Medical Association recognized obesity as a disease and noted that it often leads to many dangerous conditions, including cancer, diabetes and heart disease."
- "American Medical Association" 應翻譯為「美國醫學會」。
- "recognized obesity as a disease" 意為「承認肥胖是一種疾病」。
- "Therein lies the problem with body mass index (BMI)."
第 2 題40 分
Please write down your opinions about the following article in English or Chinese. (40%)
As children, we develop stories about how the world works, most of which get improved upon and amended over time. But some do not, even as we mature in other ways. Opinionated, self-centered and fear-driven, these "child stories" are the source of the behavioral and emotional patterns that hold us back. When we learn to identify and rewrite these stories, limitless growth becomes possible.
In her new book, Rosamund Stone Zander shows us that life is a story we tell ourselves, and that we have the power to change that story. She illuminates how breaking old patterns and telling a new story can transform not just our own lives, but also our relationships with others-whether in a marriage, a classroom, or a business. Finally, she demonstrates how, with this new understanding of ourselves and our place within an interconnected world, we can take powerful action in the collective interest, and gain a sense of deep connection to the universe.
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本題為應用寫作題，要求考生針對一篇關於「個人成長與故事重塑」的文章，用英文或中文表達自己的看法。文章主旨是闡述我們內心深處的「童年故事」如何影響我們成年後的行為與情緒，並提出透過覺察與改寫這些故事，能夠帶來個人成長與轉變。
寫作重點與架構建議：
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理解文章核心論點：
- 問題： 我們內心深處存在著一些過時、受限的「童年故事」（opinionated, self-centered, fear-driven），這些故事塑造了我們的行為和情緒模式，阻礙了我們的成長。
- 解決方案： 透過覺察（identify）並改寫（rewrite）這些故事，我們能夠突破限制，實現無限成長。
- 作者觀點（Rosamund Stone Zander）： 生命就是我們說給自己聽的故事，我們有能力改變它。改寫故事不僅能轉變個人生活，也能影響人際關係，並讓我們能在互聯世界中採取有意義的行動。
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組織論點：
- 開頭： 簡要概述文章的主旨，例如：作者 Rosamund Stone Zander 在文中探討了個人故事對我們生活的深遠影響，以及改寫故事的可能性。
- 闡述個人觀點：
- 認同與共鳴： 可以從文章的觀點出發，表達你對「內在故事」如何影響現實的認同。例如，你是否曾有過類似的經驗，發現某些負面想法或行為模式源自早年的經驗或假設？
- 深入探討：
- 「童年故事」的形成與影響： 可以進一步討論這些故事是如何形成的（家庭、學校、社會經驗），以及它們如何具體地限制了我們的潛能（例如，害怕失敗、不敢冒險、自我懷疑）。
- 改寫故事的重要性與方法： 強調覺察和改寫故事的關鍵性。可以思考改寫故事的具體方法，例如：正向思考、自我肯定、尋求專業協助、學習新知識、接觸不同觀點等。
- 個人成長與社會連結： 討論改寫故事如何促進個人成長（更自信、更積極、更有韌性），以及如何進一步影響人際關係和對社會的貢獻。
- 提出質疑或補充： 如果有不同意見，也可以提出。例如，改寫故事是否總是容易？是否有時需要外部的幫助？或者，除了改寫故事，還有哪些其他重要的成長途徑？
- 結論： 總結你的主要觀點，重申改寫個人故事對於實現個人潛能和積極參與世界的重要性。
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語言與風格：
- 英文作答： 需使用正確的學術英文，詞彙豐富，文法準確，邏輯清晰。可使用連接詞（e.g., however, furthermore, in addition, consequently）來串聯論點。
- 中文作答： 需使用通順、精鍊的中文，表達清晰，論述有力。
寫作範例（英文）：
The article by Rosamund Stone Zander presents a compelling argument about the transformative power of personal narratives. I find the core idea that our deeply ingrained "child stories"—often shaped by early experiences and characterized by opinionated, self-centered, or fear-driven perspectives—act as significant impediments to our grow