108 年 國立政治大學宗教研究所《專業英文》
第 一 題40 分
一、中翻英 40%
宗教在地化是相對於全球化而來的另一種趨勢和潮流。宗教在地化能為特定宗
教為當地文化或語言接受,關注本土需求,重塑本的宗教價值文化,為強化在
地連結與整體性的思維。全球化則是透過國界藩籬與疆域的穿透,連結宗教在
國家間,以及地區間的相互多元關係。全球化與在地化是全球互為一體的兩個
面向,本質上並非衝突的關係,而是宗教文化的接觸、交流與融合。透過宗教
網絡,將宗教進行的轉化,可以重新界定看待臺灣宗教全球化與在地化的模
式。全球化下的臺灣宗教作為一種普遍的道德體系與傳統價值,在跨國空間中
流動,體現族群認同和跨界網絡的關係。隨著跨區域、跨國的網絡建立,這些
不同的宗教與習俗,超越傳統的民族國家為中心的框架,展現臺灣宗教的多元
性與豐富性。
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核心觀念
本題為宗教研究所碩士班入學考試之「學術專業英文中翻英」,評量重點在於**宗教社會學(Sociology of Religion)與全球化研究(Globalization Studies)**的核心概念及學術語彙轉譯能力。核心知識概念包含:
- 在地化與全球化之辯證關係:
- 「宗教在地化」(Religious Localization / Indigenization)
- 「全球化」(Globalization)
- 「全球在地化」(Glocalization / two complementary facets of global interconnectedness)
- 跨國宗教網絡與流動:
- 「跨國空間與流動」(Transnational space and fluidity/mobility)
- 「族群認同與跨界網絡」(Ethnic identity and cross-border/transboundary networks)
- 「超越民族國家框架」(Transcending the nation-state-centric framework)
- 學術句構重組能力:中文原文多「流水句」與排比並列,翻譯時必須重組為符合英文學術慣例的「主幹+從屬結構」(如使用動名詞片語、分詞構句、關係子句與平行對稱結構)。
解題方法
學術翻譯採取「句意切分、語意校正、文法重構、術語精準」四步驟切入:
- 語意釐清與文本校正:
- 原文第二句「能為特定宗教為當地文化或語言接受,關注本土需求,重塑本的宗教價值文化,為強化在地連結與整體性的思維」,在考題排版中有中文語病與脫字(「為特定宗教為...」應為「使特定宗教被...接受」;「重塑本的」指「重塑本土的/本有的」)。英譯時應整頓為清晰的學術語意:使特定宗教適應本土語境、回應在地需求、重塑其價值體系,以鞏固在地連結與整體思維。
- 拆解與合併長難句(Chunking & Syntactic Restructuring):
- 第 1 句:定義句。「相對於...而來的另一種趨勢和潮流」譯為 "an alternative trend and momentum that emerges in contrast to globalization"。
- 第 2 句:功能列舉句。主詞為 "Religious localization",後接平行結構動詞片語:facilitates the acceptance of a specific religion by local cultures or languages, addresses indigenous needs, reshapes local religious values and culture, and reinforces local connectivity and holistic thinking.
- 第 3–5 句:對比與本質說明。說明全球化如何穿透國界(penetrating national borders and territorial boundaries)、牽繫多元關係(linking diverse inter-state and inter-regional relationships),進而點明兩者非零和對立(not inherently conflicting),而是文化接觸、交流與融合的互補雙面(two complementary dimensions of an integrated global reality)。
- 第 6–9 句:聚焦臺灣個案(Case of Taiwan)。將「透過宗教網絡進行轉化」提為主詞或介系詞片語,串連「跨國空間流動」、「超越民族國家框架」,點出臺灣宗教呈現的普遍道德、族群認同與豐富多元性。
- 專有名詞與學術搭配詞對照:
- 在地化:localization / indigenization
- 國界藩籬與疆域的穿透:penetration of national borders and territorial boundaries
- 接觸、交流與融合:contact, exchange, and integration (syncretism / amalgamation)
- 民族國家為中心:nation-state-centric / state-centered
精選範文解析(逐句對照與修辭剖析)
第一部分:概念界定(在地化與全球化)
- 原文:宗教在地化是相對於全球化而來的另一種趨勢和潮流。宗教在地化能為特定宗教為當地文化或語言接受,關注本土需求,重塑本的宗教價值文化,為強化在地連結與整體性的思維。
- 解析:處理「重塑本的宗教價值文化」時,譯為 "reshapes indigenous/local religious values and cultures";「為強化...的思維」則作為目的或結果,採用現在分詞構句 "thereby fostering a mindset that strengthens local connectedness and integrity"。
第二部分:全球化本質與兩者辯證
- 原文:全球化則是透過國界藩籬與疆域的穿透,連結宗教在國家間,以及地區間的相互多元關係。全球化與在地化是全球互為一體的兩個面向,本質上並非衝突的關係,而是宗教文化的接觸、交流與融合。
- 解析:「穿透」在社會科學中常搭配 permeate 或 penetrate;「全球互為一體」可譯為 "two sides of the same coin of global integration" 或 "two interconnected facets of a holistic global dynamic"。
第 二 題30 分
二、英翻中各30%
1.In the Chinese act of paying respect to the gods, pai-pai, words spoken are
addressed to particular, named gods and requests (in the ordinary sense) are made,
either general ones, such as for peace in the house, or specific ones, such as for the
birth of a male child. Events subsequent to the act of pai-pai are evaluated on the
assumption that the request might be granted: if an illness is cured or a soldier returns
home safely, people say it is because of the god's action and may well make a special
thank-offering. If the desired event does not follow, people often give reasons why the
god did not act: the disease was caused by something within the body that only
doctors can cure; the patient was not brought to the god's attention soon enough and
his condition had deteriorated beyond saving; the god was not powerful enough.
Whatever reasons suggest themselves as likely are acted upon: for example, another
god or a western-style doctor may be consulted. These actions seem obviously to
presuppose the expectation that requests to the god may be answered.
- The era starting with the advent of the Song dynasty in the second half of the tenth
century may be considered the beginning of the modern age in the history of China.
When compared to previous times, great changes in all aspects of China's civilization
are manifest, and perhaps nowhere are these changes more visible than in the
evolution of Taoism. The rise of local political and religious lay organizations,
especially in the regions south of the Yangzi River, is certainly one of the most
important factors in this change. During the previous century, the division of the
country into a great number of semiautonomous regions greatly favored the
emancipation of local societies, where Taoism had, and still has, its natural habitat.
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這部分包含兩段英文,皆需翻譯成中文,共佔30%分數。第一段討論中國傳統拜神行為及其背後的心態;第二段則探討宋代中國文明的變革,特別是道教的演變。
第一段英翻中詳解:
- 核心概念: 中國傳統拜神(pai-pai)的行為模式、人們對神祇的期望、以及當期望未達成時的解釋機制。
- 逐句翻譯與理解:
- "In the Chinese act of paying respect to the gods, pai-pai, words spoken are addressed to particular, named gods and requests (in the ordinary sense) are made, either general ones, such as for peace in the house, or specific ones, such as for the birth of a male child."
- 解釋: 這句說明了「拜拜」(pai-pai)這個中文行為,其特點是向特定、具名(named)的神祇說話,並提出請求。這些請求可以是普遍性的(如家中平安),也可以是具體性的(如求子)。
- 譯文: 在中國人祭拜神祇的「拜拜」行為中,說話是針對特定、具名(named)的神祇,並(一般意義上)提出請求,這些請求可以是普遍性的,例如家中平安,或是具體性的,例如求得生男孩。
- "Events subsequent to the act of pai-pai are evaluated on the assumption that the request might be granted: if an illness is cured or a soldier returns home safely, people say it is because of the god's action and may well make a special thank-offering."
- 解釋: 拜拜之後發生的事情,人們會假設請求可能被實現。如果疾病痊癒或士兵平安歸來,人們會歸因於神祇的作為,並可能做出特別的還願(thank-offering)。
- 譯文: 拜拜之後發生的事件,會被評估的假設是請求可能獲得回應:如果疾病痊癒或士兵平安歸來,人們會說這是因為神祇的作為,並且很可能還會做出特別的還願。
- "If the desired event does not follow, people often give reasons why the god did not act: the disease was caused by something within the body that only doctors can cure; the patient was not brought to the god's attention soon enough and his condition had deteriorated beyond saving; the god was not powerful enough."
- 解釋: 如果期望的事情沒有發生,人們會找理由解釋神祇為何沒有回應。例如,疾病是體內問題(醫生才能治);病人沒有及時引起神祇注意,病情已惡化到無法挽救;神祇不夠有力量。
- 譯文: 如果期望的事情沒有發生,人們經常會給出神祇沒有回應的原因:疾病是由於體內某種只有醫生才能治癒的因素所引起;病人沒有及時引起神祇的注意,且其病情已惡化到無法挽救;神祇的力量不足。
- "Whatever reasons suggest themselves as likely are acted upon: for example, another god or a western-style doctor may be consulted. These actions seem obviously to presuppose the expectation that requests to the god may be answered."
- 解釋: 任何看起來可能的理由都會被採納並據此行動,例如尋求另一位神祇的幫助或諮詢西醫。這些行為顯然預設了對神祇回應請求的期望。
- 譯文: 任何看起來可能的理由都會被採納並據此行動:例如,可能會尋求另一位神祇或西醫的諮詢。這些行為顯然預設了對神祇可能回應請求的預期。
- "In the Chinese act of paying respect to the gods, pai-pai, words spoken are addressed to particular, named gods and requests (in the ordinary sense) are made, either general ones, such as for peace in the house, or specific ones, such as for the birth of a male child."
- 整合與潤飾: 將各句譯文整合,調整語句使其更流暢自然,符合中文表達習慣。
第二段英翻中詳解:
- 核心概念: 宋代(Song dynasty)被視為中國的近代開端,其文明發生了巨大變革,尤其在道教(Taoism)的演變上。地方組織的興起是重要因素。
- 逐句翻譯與理解:
- "The era starting with the advent of the Song dynasty in the second half of the tenth century may be considered the beginning of the modern age in the history of China."