109 年 國立中山大學機械與機電工程學系碩士班戊組《科技英文》
第 1 題
Please translate the following terms into Chinese (3% for each)
(A) Virtual Reality
(B) environment
(C) immersed
(D) simulated
(E) physical world
(F) digital character
(G) visualization
(H) co-exist
(I) anchor
(J) interact in real time
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本題主要考驗考生對科技英文名詞的理解與中譯能力。這些名詞多與虛擬實境 (VR)、擴增實境 (AR) 及混合實境 (MR/XR) 相關。
(A) Virtual Reality:虛擬實境。這是 VR 的核心概念,指電腦生成的模擬環境。
【答案】虛擬實境
(B) environment:環境。在此脈絡下,指虛擬或真實的空間。
【答案】環境
(C) immersed:沉浸的、沉浸式的。指使用者完全投入虛擬環境的狀態。
【答案】沉浸的/沉浸式
(D) simulated:模擬的。指非真實的、由電腦產生的。
【答案】模擬的
第 2 題
Translate the following two sentences into Chinese: (10% for each)
(A) Mobile robots can examine cables and pipes underwater, snake through small pipes and sewers, fly along electricity transmission lines, and look for small defects in wind-turbine blades high off the ground among other things.
(B) With a drone, everything is recorded, time-stamped and geo-referenced, and that information is there as part of a permanent record of that facility.
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本題考驗考生將科技英文句子翻譯成中文的能力,需要掌握句子的結構、關鍵動詞、名詞以及上下文的語意。
(A) Mobile robots can examine cables and pipes underwater, snake through small pipes and sewers, fly along electricity transmission lines, and look for small defects in wind-turbine blades high off the ground among other things.
這句話描述了移動機器人的多種應用場景。
- "examine cables and pipes underwater": 檢查水下的電纜和管道。
- "snake through small pipes and sewers": 像蛇一樣穿過狹小的管道和下水道。動詞 "snake" 在此是生動的描寫,表示彎曲、蜿蜒前進。
- "fly along electricity transmission lines": 沿著輸電線路飛行。
- "look for small defects in wind-turbine blades high off the ground": 在高聳於地面的風力渦輪機葉片上尋找小缺陷。
第 3 題
Read the following article and fill in the correct "preposition” (介詞) (3% for each)
In 2017, the New York investment firm Lazard released an analysis of grid-scale energy storage technologies, based (A) their levelized costs, which includes both capital and operational costs. Lazard focused on a subset of commercially available technologies capable (B) being deployed (C) a variety of settings, ruling out pumped hydroelectric and compressed air storage due (D) their dependence on specific geologies.
The analysis looked (E) peaker replacement with lithium-ion batteries as well as flow batteries, where charged electrolyte is stored in tanks. For grid-scale peaker replacement applications, Lazard found no technology to be a clear winner. Lithium-ion batteries had a levelized cost of storage of between 347 per MWh, with costs expected to decrease (F) around 209 to $413 per MWh in replacing peak generation—which is a function (I) the lower degree of commercialization (J) the technology.
Lazard expects the cost of lithium-ion batteries to continue to drop by as much as 10 percent annually over the next five years.
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本題考驗考生對介詞 (preposition) 用法的掌握,需要根據上下文的語意和慣用語來選擇正確的介詞。
(A) based _____ their levelized costs
"based on" 是固定用法,表示「基於」。
【答案】on
(B) technologies capable _____ being deployed
"capable of" 是固定用法,表示「能夠...的」。
【答案】of
(C) being deployed _____ a variety of settings
"deploy in" 或 "deploy to" 都可以表示部署在某個地方。在此處 "in" 較為常見,指部署在多種不同環境中。
【答案】in
(D) due _____ their dependence
"due to" 是固定用法,表示「由於」。
【答案】to
(E) The analysis looked _____ peaker replacement
"look into" 表示調查、研究;"look at" 表示看、審視。在此處,分析是為了研究或評估 peaker replacement 的應用,故 "into" 或 "at" 都可以。
第 4 題
Translate the following two sentences into English: (10% for each)
(A) 微機電系統的發展源自於半導體製程技術,可以透過大量製造程序降低生產成本並提高元件性能。
(B) 智能醫學就是將人工智能用於醫學診斷,透過深度學習技術,讓電腦「學習」醫生的醫療知識並模擬醫生的診斷推理。
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核心觀念
本題考查科技英文中「技術起源與功能」、「技術應用與方法」的翻譯,以及下列常見句型:
- 「源自於……」:
stem from、originate from - 「透過……」:
through、by means of、by using - 「降低……並提高……」:
reduce ... and improve ... - 「將 A 用於 B」:
apply A to B - 「模擬……的推理」:
simulate one's diagnostic reasoning
翻譯時須先判斷中文句子的主詞,再將因果關係與技術手段用自然的英文表達。
解題方法
(A)句子結構
原句可分為三個部分:
- 主句:「微機電系統的發展源自於半導體製程技術」
- 方法:「透過大量製造程序」
- 結果:「降低生產成本並提高元件性能」
「微機電系統」的標準術語是 microelectromechanical systems,通常縮寫為 MEMS。
「半導體製程技術」可譯為 semiconductor processing technology 或 semiconductor fabrication technology。
後半句的主體是微機電系統,因此以 which enables MEMS to ... 組成關係子句,能清楚表達「半導體製程技術使微機電系統得以大量製造」的邏輯。
(B)句子結構
原句可分為兩句:
- 「智能醫學就是將人工智能用於醫學診斷」
- 「透過深度學習技術,讓電腦學習醫生的醫療知識並模擬醫生的診斷推理」
「將人工智能用於醫學診斷」使用 apply artificial intelligence to medical diagnosis。其中固定搭配是:
「透過深度學習技術」可用 through deep-learning techniques。
「醫生的醫療知識」可譯為 physicians' medical knowledge;「診斷推理」則是 diagnostic reasoning,比直譯成 diagnosis thinking 更符合科技英文慣用語。
參考翻譯與解析
(A)參考答案
The development of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) stems from semiconductor processing technology, which enables MEMS to be mass-produced, thereby reducing production costs and improving device performance.
重點解析
the development of ...:表示「……的發展」。microelectromechanical systems (MEMS):第一次出現時寫出全名並附上縮寫,之後可直接使用MEMS。stem from:表示「源自於」,比come from更正式,適合科技文章。semiconductor processing technology:對應「半導體製程技術」。enables MEMS to be mass-produced:enable + 受詞 + to V表示「使某物能夠……」;be mass-produced是被動語態,表示「被大量製造」。thereby reducing ... and improving ...:thereby + V-ing表示「因而……」,後接兩個平行的現在分詞片語。device performance:performance在工程語境中指「性能、效能」,比ability更恰當。
也可寫成:
The development of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) originates from semiconductor fabrication technology. By using mass-production processes, MEMS can reduce production costs and improve device perfo