112 年 國立中山大學海洋事務研究所《專業英文》
第 1 題
第一部分、解釋名詞 (20分)
請以中文翻譯出下列名詞,並簡單說明其內容。
- Sustainable Development (4分)
- Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (4分)
- Other Effective Area-Based Conservation Measures (4分)
- Agenda 21 (4分)
- Blue Carbon (4分)
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本部分考驗考生對專業領域基本名詞的理解與翻譯能力。
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Sustainable Development (永續發展)
- 翻譯: 永續發展
- 說明: 指在滿足當代人需求的同時,不損害後代人滿足其自身需求的發展模式。它強調經濟發展、社會進步和環境保護三者之間的協調與平衡。
- 【答案】 永續發展:指在滿足當代人需求的同時,不損害後代人滿足其自身需求的發展模式,強調經濟、社會、環境的協調與平衡。
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Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (區域漁業管理組織)
- 翻譯: 區域漁業管理組織
- 說明: 負責管理特定海域或特定魚種資源的國際性組織,旨在透過合作與協調,確保漁業資源的可持續利用,防止過度捕撈,並促進相關國家的利益。
- 【答案】 區域漁業管理組織:負責管理特定海域或魚種資源的國際組織,旨在透過合作確保漁業資源永續利用。
第 2 題
第二部分 一般英文閱讀能力測驗 (20分)
請將以下兩題之英文翻譯成中文,務求精準。
- Analysis of satellite imagery from the past year shows that hundreds of Chinese militia vessels
continue to operate in the Spratly Islands on a daily basis. The data confirms the massive scale of
militia force in the Spratlys. It also shows a marked consistency in their movement and behavior
patterns despite outcries from other claimants: militia continue to mass around Whitsun and
Hughes reefs in Union Banks and maintain a persistent presence at other key features, such as
Philippine-occupied Thitu Island. (Center for Strategic and International Studies, Asia Maritime
Transparency Initiative) (10分) - Workers across China have dismantled some of the physical signs of the country's zero-Covid
controls, peeling health code scanning signs off metro station walls and closing some checkpoints
after the government unveiled an overhaul of its pandemic policy. But as many residents expressed
relief and happiness at the obvious loosening of measures, some worried about its impact and
questioned how the new rules would be rolled out. (Cable News Network, December 9, 2022) (10
分)
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本部分考驗考生對一般性英文文章的理解與精準翻譯能力。
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原文分析:
這段文字描述了衛星影像顯示的中國民兵船隻在南海(Spratly Islands)的活動情況。重點在於船隻數量龐大、活動模式一致,以及儘管有其他聲索國的抗議,它們仍持續在特定區域出現。翻譯:
過去一年的衛星影像分析顯示,數百艘中國民兵船隻每日持續在斯普拉特利群島(Spratly Islands)活動。這些數據證實了斯普拉特利地區民兵力量的龐大規模。儘管面臨其他聲索國的抗議,該分析亦顯示其行動與行為模式有著顯著的一致性:民兵持續集結於聯合銀行(Union Banks)的惠特森礁(Whitsun Reef)與休斯礁(Hughes Reef)周邊,並在其他關鍵地點,例如菲律賓佔領的西多島(Thitu Island),維持持續性的存在。 (摘自:戰略與國際研究中心,亞洲海事透明倡議)【答案】 過去一年的衛星影像分析顯示,數百艘中國民兵船隻每日持續在斯普拉特利群島活動。這些數據證實了斯普拉特利地區民兵力量的龐大規模。
第 3 題
第三部分 專業英文閱讀能力測驗 (60分)
請將以下三題之英文翻譯成中文,務求精準。
- Humanity has the ability to make development sustainable to ensure that it meets the needs of the
present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. The
concept of sustainable development does imply limits - not absolute limits but limitations imposed
by the present state of technology and social organization on environmental resources and by the
ability of the biosphere to absorb the effects of human activities. But technology and social
organization can be both managed and improved to make way for a new era of economic growth.
The Commission believes that widespread poverty is no longer inevitable. Poverty is not only an evil
in itself, but sustainable development requires meeting the basic needs of all and extending to all
the opportunity to fulfil their aspirations for a better life. A world in which poverty is endemic will
always be prone to ecological and other catastrophes (Our Common Future, From One Earth to One
World, page 15). (20分) - At the core of sustainable development are the strong interlinkages between sustained and inclusive
economic growth, social development and environmental protection. The effective functioning of
each individual dimension depends on the effective functioning of the other two. If one or the other
dimensions are pursued separately, and the other dimension is not taken into account, this could
lead to an ultimate loss in all three dimensions because of the inextricable linkages between them.
Successful sustainable development therefore requires integrated approaches that ensure sustained
and inclusive economic growth, social development and environmental protection, or so-called
"triple wins" (UN General Assembly, A/70/74, page 3). (15分) - Human-induced warming of the atmosphere and oceans is unequivocal. In fact, most of the heat
excess caused by increases in atmospheric greenhouse gases is absorbed by oceans. Their large
mass and high heat capacity allow them to store huge amounts of energy. Oceans are estimated to
have absorbed about 93 per cent of the combined extra heat stored by warmed air, sea, land and
melted ice between 1971 and 2010. Increasing carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere
cause both anthropogenic climate change and anthropogenic ocean acidification. Oceans are a
major sink of carbon dioxide, having absorbed 30 per cent of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emitted
to the atmosphere. Such absorption has benefited humankind by significantly reducing the
greenhouse gas levels in the atmosphere and abating some of the impacts of climate change.
Nevertheless, oceans' uptake of carbon dioxide is having a significant effect on the chemistry of
seawater, which is becoming more acidic, a process described as ocean acidification (UN General
Assembly, A/72/70, page 4-5). (25分)
登入後即可作答並保存紀錄。
本部分考驗考生對專業領域英文文章的理解與精準翻譯能力,佔比最高,是得分關鍵。
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原文分析:
此段落探討永續發展的核心概念,強調滿足當代需求與不犧牲後代需求之間的平衡。它指出永續發展並非沒有限制,而是受限於現有的技術、社會組織對環境資源的承載能力,以及生物圈的吸收能力。同時,也認為技術與社會組織的進步能為經濟成長開闢新路。重點在於永續發展與消除貧困的關聯性,認為貧困不僅是惡,也阻礙了永續發展,後者要求滿足所有人基本需求並提供實現更好生活的機會。最後,警告貧困普遍存在的社會容易發生生態災難。翻譯:
人類有能力使發展永續,以確保在滿足當代需求的同時,不損害後代人滿足其自身需求的能力。永續發展的概念確實蘊含著限制——並非絕對的限制,而是現今技術與社會組織對環境資源的約束,以及生物圈吸收人類活動影響的能力所施加的限制。然而,技術與社會組織既可以被管理,也可以被改進,以為新一輪的經濟成長鋪路。委員會認為,普遍存在的貧困不再是不可避免的。貧困不僅本身是一種弊病,而且永續發展要求滿足所有人的基本需求,並讓所有人有機會實現對更美好生活的嚮往。一個貧困普遍存在的世界,將永遠容易遭受生態及其他災難的衝擊。(出自:《我們共同的未來,從一個地球到一個世界》,第15頁)【答案】 人類有能力使發展永續,以確保在滿足當代需求的同時,不損害後代人滿足其自身需求的能力。永續發展的概念確實蘊含著限制——並非絕對的限制,而是現今技術與社會組織對環境資源的約束,以及生物圈吸收人類活動影響的能力所施加的限制。然而,技術與社會組織既可以被管理,也可以被改進,以為新一輪的經濟成長鋪路。委員會認為,普遍存在的貧困不再是不可避免的。貧困不僅本身是一種弊病,而且永續發展要求滿足所有人的基本需求,並讓所有人有機會實現對更美好生活的嚮往。一個貧困普遍存在的世界,將永遠容易遭受生態及其他災難的衝擊。(出自:《我們共同的未來,從一個地球到一個世界》,第15頁)
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原文分析:
此段落闡述了永續發展的三個核心支柱:持續且包容的經濟成長、社會發展和環境保護。強調這三個面向的相互關聯性,任何一個面向的有效運作都依賴於其他兩個面向。若單獨追求某一面,而忽略其他,最終可能導致三者皆失。因此,成功的永續發展需要整合性的方法,以達成所謂的「三贏」局面。翻譯:
永續發展的核心是持續且包容的經濟成長、社會發展與環境保護之間的緊密連結。每一個面向的有效運作,都依賴於其他兩個面向的有效運作。如果單獨追求其中一或兩個面向,而未將另一面向納入考量,這將可能因為它們之間密不可分的關聯性,而導致最終在所有三個面向上的損失。