109 年 國立成功大學電腦與通信工程研究所甲組《通訊工程英文》

第 1 題

Write one word in each gap to complete the sentences (2% × 5 = 10%).

  1. ____ taking the medicine, I still feel ill.

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這一題的完整詳解

這是一題考驗連接詞與邏輯關係的克漏字題。題目敘述「吃了藥,我還是覺得不舒服」,這表示前後兩個子句之間存在著一種「讓步」或「對比」的關係,也就是說,儘管採取了某個行動(吃藥),但結果卻不如預期(仍生病)。在英文中,表示這種讓步關係的連接詞常見的有 "Although", "Though", "Even though", "Despite", "In spite of" 等。由於空格在句首,後面直接接動名詞片語 "taking the medicine",最適合的詞是 "Despite" 或 "In spite of"。題目要求填入一個單字,因此 "Despite" 是最恰當的選擇。

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第 2 題

Write one word in each gap to complete the sentences (2% × 5 = 10%).
2. I'm going on holiday ____ relax.

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這一題的完整詳解

此題考驗不定詞的用法,特別是目的不定詞 (infinitive of purpose)。當我們想要表達做某件事情的「目的」時,通常使用 "to + 動詞原形"。在這個句子中,「I'm going on holiday」是主要子句,而空格後面是「relax」,表示去度假的目的。因此,我們需要使用 "to" 來連接動詞 "relax",構成目的不定詞 "to relax"。

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第 3 題

Write one word in each gap to complete the sentences (2% × 5 = 10%).
3. This machine is used ____ cutting metal.

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這一題的完整詳解

這題考驗的是不定詞的用法,特別是表示「用途」的不定詞。當我們想表達某個物品或工具的用途時,常用 "be used for + 名詞/動名詞" 或 "be used to + 動詞原形"。然而,在此題的結構 "This machine is used ____ cutting metal" 中,"cutting metal" 是一個動名詞片語,它描述了這台機器被使用的「方式」或「目的」。
在 "be used to" 的結構中,"to" 後面必須是動詞原形,表示「被用來做某事」。例如:"This machine is used to cut metal." (這台機器被用來切割金屬)。
而 "be used for" 後面可以接動名詞,表示「被用於某種用途」。

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第 4 題

Write one word in each gap to complete the sentences (2% × 5 = 10%).
4. ____ the book I read on the plane was excellent.

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查「句子完整性」與「副詞、從屬連接詞的用法」。

句子主幹為:

the book was excellent\text{the book was excellent}

其中:

  • the book 是主詞。
  • I read on the plane 是關係子句,修飾 the book,完整形式為 the book that I read on the plane。
  • was excellent 是主詞補語結構,表示「那本書很棒」。

因此,空格若填入連接詞,必須確認填入後仍能形成完整句子。

解題方法

原句為:

____ the book I read on the plane was excellent.

若填入 Although、Because、Since 或 While,會形成從屬子句:

Although the book I read on the plane was excellent.

這類句子表達「雖然那本書很棒」,但後面缺少主要子句,因此句意與結構均未完整。

若填入句首副詞 Actually,則可形成完整句子:

Actually, the book I read on the plane was excellent.

意思是「其實,我在飛機上讀的那本書很棒。」Actually 在此作句首副詞,用來補充或修正前文資訊,不會使句子變成片段。

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第 5 題

Write one word in each gap to complete the sentences (2% × 5 = 10%).
5. Daniel is the student ____ sister is famous.

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這一題的完整詳解

這題考驗所有格關係代名詞的用法。句子「Daniel is the student ____ sister is famous」中,"Daniel is the student" 是主句,後面要補充說明是哪個學生。空格後面的 "sister is famous" 是用來修飾 "the student" 的。由於 "sister" 是 "the student" 的姐妹,這裡需要表示「所有格」關係。在關係代名詞中,表示所有格的詞是 "whose"。因此,空格處應填入 "whose"。

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第 6 題

Choose the best way to complete the sentences (2% × 5 = 10%).
6. ____ been waiting to see a doctor for ages.
(A) I'm
(B) I've

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這一題的完整詳解

這是一道關於時態和主詞縮寫的選擇題。題目要求填入能完成句子「____ been waiting to see a doctor for ages」的正確形式。
句子的核心是 "____ been waiting"。 "been waiting" 是現在完成進行式 (present perfect continuous tense) 的一部分,表示「一直在等待」的動作。現在完成進行式需要助動詞 "have" 或 "has" 來構成。
選項 (A) "I'm" 是 "I am" 的縮寫。 "I am waiting" 是現在進行式,表示「我正在等待」。"I am been waiting" 是語法錯誤。
選項 (B) "I've" 是 "I have" 的縮寫。 "I have been waiting" 是現在完成進行式,表示「我已經等了很久」。

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第 7 題

Choose the best way to complete the sentences (2% × 5 = 10%).
7. Students ____ to take drinks into class.
(A) aren't allowed
(B) can't

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這一題的完整詳解

這是一個考驗情態動詞與被動語態的選擇題。句子是 "Students ____ to take drinks into class.",意思是「學生們(被允許/不能)帶飲料進教室」。
選項 (A) "aren't allowed" 是 "are not allowed" 的縮寫,表示「不被允許」。這是被動語態 (be allowed),後面常接不定詞 "to + V"。 "Students aren't allowed to take drinks into class." 意為「學生們不被允許帶飲料進教室」。這是一個合乎語法且語意通順的句子。
選項 (B) "can't" 是情態動詞 "can not" 的縮寫,表示「不能」。情態動詞後面通常直接接動詞原形 (V),例如 "Students can't take drinks into class."。然而,這裡後面接的是不定詞 "to take"。 "Students can't to take drinks into class." 在語法上是錯誤的。雖然 "can't" 有「不能」的意思,但其後面的結構不符。

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第 8 題

Choose the best way to complete the sentences (2% × 5 = 10%).
8. We lost the match. We ____ played better.
(A) should
(B) should gave

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查情態助動詞 should 的完成式用法:

should have + 過去分詞\text{should have + 過去分詞}

表示「當時應該做某事,但實際上沒有做到」,常用於對過去行為的遺憾或責備。

句意為:「我們輸掉了比賽。我們當時應該表現得更好。」

動詞 play 的過去分詞為 played,因此正確句型是:

should have played better\text{should have played better}

解題方法

句中前一句使用過去式 lost,表示比賽已經結束且結果是輸球。後一句要表達「當時本來應該踢/打得更好,卻沒有做到」,須使用:

should have + 過去分詞\text{should have + 過去分詞}

代入 play 的過去分詞 played:

We should have played better.

完整句意是:「我們輸掉了比賽。我們當時本來應該表現得更好。」

選項分析

  • (A) should
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第 9 題

Choose the best way to complete the sentences (2% × 5 = 10%).
9. I've got a mobile phone but ____ is broken.
(A) it
(B) one

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這一題的完整詳解

這是一個考驗代名詞指代和句子結構的選擇題。句子是 "I've got a mobile phone but ____ is broken.",意思是「我有一支手機,但是____壞了。」。
主句 "I've got a mobile phone" 已經指明了擁有的物品。
空格後面的 "is broken" 是謂語,需要一個主詞來搭配。
選項 (A) "it": "it" 是第三人稱單數代名詞,通常用來指代前面已經提到過的、具體的單數名詞。在這裡,"it" 可以指代前面提到的 "a mobile phone"。句子變成 "I've got a mobile phone but it is broken.",意為「我有一支手機,但它壞了。」。這是一個語法正確且語意通順的句子,指明了具體哪一支手機壞了。
選項 (B) "one": "one" 在這裡可以作為代名詞,指代前面提到的同類事物,但通常用於區分或表示「其中一個」。例如 "I've got two mobile phones, but one is broken." (我兩支手機,但其中一支壞了)。如果句子是 "I've got a mobile phone but one is broken.",語意上會讓人感到困惑,因為前面只提到「一支」手機,後面卻說「其中一支」壞了。這暗示可能有不止一支手機,或者是在指代這唯一的一支手機。

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第 10 題

Choose the best way to complete the sentences (2% × 5 = 10%).
10. Is there ____ good on TV?
(A) something
(B) anything

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這一題的完整詳解

這是一道考驗不定代名詞 "something" 和 "anything" 用法的選擇題。這兩個詞都表示「某事物」。它們的主要區別在於使用場合:

  • "Something" 通常用於肯定句,表示「某種東西」、「某事」,帶有存在某物的預期。
  • "Anything" 通常用於否定句、疑問句或條件句,表示「任何事物」,不帶有預期。

本題的句子是疑問句:"Is there ____ good on TV?"。疑問句通常使用 "anything"。
選項 (A) "something":用於肯定句,或在疑問句中表示預期對方會回答「有」的情況(例如:Would you like something to drink?)。

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第 11 題

In the following questions, choose the answer that corrects the sentence underscored. (4% × 10 = 40%).
11. Stanford University gave the Musician of the Year Award to Joan White, one of only eight musicians
who had performed in the end-of-the-year revue.
(A) one of only eight musicians who had performed in the end-of-the-year revue
(B) one of eight of the only musicians who have performed in the end-of-the-year revue
(C) one of the only eight musicians who performs in the end-of-the-year revue
(D) only one of eight musicians to perform in the end-of-the-year revue
(E) only one of the eight end-of-the-year musicians who performs in the revue

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這一題的完整詳解

這是一道考驗句子結構、數量詞用法以及時態一致性的題目。原句的重點在於修飾 "Joan White" 的部分,說明她是「八位表演者中之一」。原句的下劃線部分是 "one of only eight musicians who had performed in the end-of-the-year revue."

【解題步驟】

  1. 分析原句結構與語意:

    • "Stanford University gave the Musician of the Year Award to Joan White":主句,時態為過去式。
    • ", one of only eight musicians who had performed in the end-of-the-year revue.":這是一個同位語 (appositive),用來進一步解釋 Joan White 的身分。它指出 Joan White 是「八位表演者中之一」。
    • "only eight musicians":這裡的 "only" 修飾 "eight",強調數量是八位。
    • "who had performed":關係代名詞子句,修飾 "musicians"。時態是過去完成式,表示在頒獎之前(過去)就已經表演過了。
  2. 評估選項:

    (A) one of only eight musicians who had performed in the end-of-the-year revue

    • "one of only eight musicians":結構正確,"only" 修飾 "eight",強調總數是八位。
    • "who had performed":過去完成式,與頒獎的動作(過去)在時間上一致,表示表演發生在頒獎之前。
    • 這是原句的下劃線部分,語法和語意都正確。

    (B) one of eight of the only musicians who have performed in the end-of-the-year revue

    • "one of eight of the only musicians":結構冗餘且錯誤。"one of eight" 已經足夠,"of the only musicians" 加上去不合邏輯。
    • "who have performed":現在完成式。如果頒獎已經發生(過去式),那麼表演的動作也應該發生在過去,或者至少是過去完成。這裡使用現在完成式與主句時態不一致。
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第 12 題

In the following questions, choose the answer that corrects the sentence underscored. (4% × 10 = 40%).
12. Hospitals are increasing the hours of doctors, significantly affecting the frequency of surgical errors,
which already are a cost to hospitals of millions of dollars in malpractice lawsuits.
(A) significantly affecting the frequency of surgical errors, which already are a cost to hospitals of
(B) significantly affecting the frequency of surgical errors, which already cost hospitals
(C) significantly affecting the frequency of surgical errors, already with hospital costs of
(D) significant in affecting the frequency of surgical errors, and already costs hospitals
(E) significant in affecting the frequency of surgical errors and already costs hospitals

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查三項文法:

  1. 關係代名詞 which 的指涉與主詞動詞一致。
  2. cost 的固定句型。
  3. 分詞片語與句子主詞、語意的搭配。

其中,cost 作動詞時,常用句型為:

cost+人/機構+金額\text{cost}+\text{人/機構}+\text{金額}

例如:

  • The mistake cost the company millions of dollars.
  • Surgical errors cost hospitals millions of dollars.

因此,不能在動詞 cost 後直接加介系詞 of。


解題方法

先找關係代名詞 which 的先行詞:

the frequency of surgical errors, which ...

文法上,which 最接近的名詞是 surgical errors,且此名詞為複數。因此,後面的動詞若使用一般現在式,應搭配複數動詞 cost,不能使用單數形式 costs。

再檢查 cost 的用法:

surgical errors+cost+hospitals+millions of dollars\text{surgical errors}+\text{cost}+\text{hospitals}+\text{millions of dollars}

完整結構為:

surgical errors already cost hospitals millions of dollars in malpractice lawsuits

意思是「手術錯誤已經使醫院在醫療 malpractice 訴訟中損失數百萬美元」。

所以正確答案為 (B)。


選項分析

(A) significantly affecting the frequency of surgical errors, which already are a cost to hospitals of

錯誤有兩處:

  1. which 指涉複數的 surgical errors,使用 are 在數量一致上沒有問題,但後面的名詞片語 a cost 為單數,語意與結構不自然。

  2. a cost to hospitals of millions of dollars 的表達不合適。若使用名詞 cost,可說:

    a cost of millions of dollars to hospitals

    但本句需要的是動詞 cost,最自然的句型是:

    cost hospitals millions of dollars

此外,選項 A 在句尾停在介系詞 of,整體句子不完整。


(B) significantly affecting the frequency of surgical errors, which already cost hospitals

正確。

  • which 指涉複數名詞 surgical errors。
  • 複數主詞搭配複數動詞 cost。
  • cost hospitals millions of dollars 符合標準句型。
  • in malpractice lawsuits 說明損失發生的情境,語意完整。

完整句子為:

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第 13 題

In the following questions, choose the answer that corrects the sentence underscored. (4% × 10 = 40%).
13. The shipping of raw materials being improved has become an economical factor in the transformation
of Japan into a world economic power.
(A) The shipping of raw materials being improved has become an economical
(B) The improved shipping of raw materials has become an economical
(C) That the shipping of raw materials is improved has become an economical
(D) The shipping of raw materials being improved has become an economic
(E) The improvement in shipping of raw materials has become an economic

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查兩個重點:

  1. 動名詞片語的名詞功能
    「改善原料運輸」應以名詞片語表達:

    the improvement in shipping of raw materials\text{the improvement in shipping of raw materials}

    其中:

    • improvement 是名詞,表示「改善、改進」。
    • in shipping 表示「在運輸方面」。
    • of raw materials 表示「原料的」。
  2. economic 與 economical 的區別

    • economic:與經濟、經濟發展或經濟體系有關。
    • economical:節省的、節約成本的、不浪費的。

    本句談的是「日本轉變為世界經濟強國的過程中的經濟因素」,因此應使用 economic factor,不能使用 economical factor。


解題方法

先找出句子的主詞與核心語意:

______ has become an ______ factor in the transformation of Japan into a world economic power.

句意是:

「原料運輸的改善,已成為日本轉變為世界經濟強國過程中的一項經濟因素。」

「改善」在句中必須作為主詞,因此使用名詞 improvement,形成:

The improvement in shipping of raw materials

接著判斷 factor 前的形容詞。此處指「經濟上的因素」,應使用 economic:

an economic factor

完整句子為:

The improvement in shipping of raw materials has become an economic factor in the transformation of Japan into a world economic power.

因此選擇 (E)。


選項分析

(A) The shipping of raw materials being improved has become an economical

錯誤有兩處:

  1. the shipping of raw materials being improved 結構生硬,將 being improved 接在運輸名詞後,形成「原料運輸正在被改善」的被動分詞結構,不能自然地表達「運輸的改善」這個概念。
  2. economical factor 意為「節省成本的因素」,與本句所要表達的「經濟因素」不符。

(B) The improved shipping of raw materials has become an economical

the improved shipping of raw materials 在文法上可以表示「已改善的原料運輸」,結構比 (A) 自然。

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第 14 題

In the following questions, choose the answer that corrects the sentence underscored. (4% × 10 = 40%).
14. At the end of the Second World War, the United States allocated huge sums of money to cover the
costs of reconstruction that it expected to undertake in Europe as a result of negotiations with
European governments.
(A) costs of reconstruction that it expected to undertake in Europe as a result of negotiations
(B) costly reconstruction it expected to undertake in Europe as a result from negotiations
(C) costing reconstructions expected to be undertaken in Europe as a result of negotiating
(D) negotiated costs in reconstruction it expected to undertake in Europe
(E) costs expected to be undertaken in reconstruction in Europe from negotiating

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這一題的完整詳解

這是一道考驗名詞結構、形容詞修飾以及介詞搭配的題目。原句的下劃線部分是 "costs of reconstruction that it expected to undertake in Europe as a result of negotiations"。

【解題步驟】

  1. 分析原句結構與語意:

    • 主句:"At the end of the Second World War, the United States allocated huge sums of money to cover..." (在二戰結束時,美國撥款巨款來支付...)。
    • 下劃線部分:修飾 "money",說明這筆錢是用來支付什麼的「成本」。
    • "...costs of reconstruction that it expected to undertake in Europe as a result of negotiations with European governments." (這些成本是關於它預期在與歐洲各國政府談判後,要在歐洲進行的重建)。
  2. 評估選項:

    (A) costs of reconstruction that it expected to undertake in Europe as a result of negotiations

    • "costs of reconstruction":名詞結構,正確。
    • "that it expected to undertake":關係代名詞子句,修飾 "costs of reconstruction"。結構正確。
    • "in Europe":介詞片語,表示地點,正確。
    • "as a result of negotiations":介詞片語,表示原因,正確。
    • 整個選項與原句下劃線部分完全相同,且語法和語意都正確。

    (B) costly reconstruction it expected to undertake in Europe as a result from negotiations

    • "costly reconstruction":這裡將 "costs" (名詞複數) 改為形容詞 "costly" 修飾 "reconstruction"。這改變了原句的結構。原句是「重建的成本」,這裡變成「昂貴的重建」。
    • "it expected to undertake":這裡缺少了關係代名詞 "that"。 "costly reconstruction it expected..." 結構不完整。
    • "as a result from negotiations":介詞搭配錯誤。
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第 15 題

In the following questions, choose the answer that corrects the sentence underscored. (4% × 10 = 40%).
15. Ricks has written extensively on not only major figures in English poetry like Milton and Housman,
but also on the lyrics of Bob Dylan.
(A) on not only major figures in English poetry like Milton, but also on
(B) not only on the poetry of such major figures as Milton and Housman, but also on
(C) not only on major figures in English poetry like Milton and Housman, but also on
(D) on major figures in English poetry like Milton and Housman, as well as
(E) on major figures in English poetry such as Milton and Housman, but also on

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念:not only A but also B 的平行結構

本題考查相關連接詞 not only A but also B 的平行性。not only 與 but also 所連接的兩個成分,詞性與結構應盡量一致。

原句的核心結構是:

  • written ... on major figures
  • written ... on the lyrics

因此,介系詞 on 應分別放在兩個並列受詞前:

not only on A but also on B\text{not only on A but also on B}

正確句型為:

Ricks has written extensively not only on major figures in English poetry like Milton and Housman, but also on the lyrics of Bob Dylan.

意思是:

Ricks 不僅大量撰寫英國詩歌中的重要人物,也大量撰寫 Bob Dylan 的歌詞。

解題方法

先找出 not only ... but also ... 所連接的內容:

  • on major figures in English poetry
  • on the lyrics of Bob Dylan

兩邊都是介系詞片語,結構完全平行。因此應將 not only 放在第一個完整介系詞片語之前,形成:

not only on major figures ... but also on the lyrics ...\text{not only on major figures ... but also on the lyrics ...}

所以選擇將 not only 移到 on 前方的選項。

選項分析

(A) on not only major figures in English poetry like Milton, but also on

錯誤有兩點:

  1. not only 放在介系詞 on 後面,破壞了第一個並列片語的完整性。
  2. 原句的 Housman 被刪除,造成題意改變。

正確結構應為 not only on major figures ... but also on,不是 on not only major figures ...。

(B) not only on the poetry of such major figures as Milton and Housman, but also on

此句的文法結構本身完整:

not only on the poetry ... but also on the lyrics ...

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第 16 題

In the following questions, choose the answer that corrects the sentence underscored. (4% × 10 = 40%).
16. An analysis of sixteenth century probate inventories in the major English towns show that even some
artisans and yeomen owned silver spoons, cups or salt cellars.
(A) show that even some artisans and yeomen owned silver spoons, cups or
(B) show that some artisans and yeomen even owned silver spoons, cups or
(C) show that even some artisans and yeomen owned silver spoons, cups and
(D) shows that some artisans and yeomen owned even silver spoons, cups and
(E) shows that even some artisans and yeomen owned silver spoons, cups or

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這一題的完整詳解

這是一道考驗主詞與動詞的數一致性 (subject-verb agreement) 以及連接詞用法的題目。原句的下劃線部分是 "show that even some artisans and yeomen owned silver spoons, cups or"。

【解題步驟】

  1. 分析原句結構與語意:

    • 主語:"An analysis of sixteenth century probate inventories in the major English towns"。
    • 謂語動詞:原句是 "show"。
    • 整個句子的意思是:「對十六世紀英國主要城鎮遺囑清單的分析顯示,即使是一些工匠和自耕農也擁有銀勺、杯子或鹽罐。」
  2. 判斷主詞的數:

    • 主語是 "An analysis"。這是一個單數名詞。
    • 因此,謂語動詞應該是單數形式。
    • 原句的 "show" 是複數形式。所以,原句的動詞 "show" 是錯誤的。
  3. 評估選項:

    • 選項 (A), (B), (C) 都以 "show" 開頭,因此它們的動詞形式與主語 "An analysis" 不一致,都是錯誤的。
    • 選項 (D) 和 (E) 都以 "shows" 開頭,這是單數形式,與主語 "An analysis" 一致,是正確的動詞形式。
  4. 比較選項 (D) 和 (E):

    • 我們需要比較這兩個選項的後半部分,以找出最正確的表達。

    • 原句下劃線部分的後半部分是:"that even some artisans and yeomen owned silver spoons, cups or salt cellars."

    • 選項 (D): shows that some artisans and yeomen owned even silver spoons, cups and

      • "shows that...":動詞形式正確。
      • "some artisans and yeomen":主語,正確。
      • "even silver spoons, cups and":
        • "even silver spoons, cups and":這裡 "even" 的位置放在了 "silver spoons" 前面,表示「連銀勺子,杯子,以及...」。
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第 17 題

In the following questions, choose the answer that corrects the sentence underscored. (4% × 10 = 40%).
17. Since the path-breaking discovery, just over fifty years ago, of the structure of the DNA molecule,
scientists have made astounding progress to understand and manipulate this most important of
biological molecules.
(A) scientists have made astounding progress to understand and to manipulate
(B) scientists have made astounding progress in understanding and manipulating

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查兩項英文文法:

  1. 介系詞後接動名詞

    • in + V-ing 表示「在……方面」。
    • 常見搭配:make progress in doing something,意為「在做某事方面取得進展」。
  2. 平行結構

    • understanding 與 manipulating 都是動名詞,並列於 in 之後,形式一致。
    • 句型為:
make progress in V-ing1 and V-ing2\text{make progress in } V\text{-ing}_1 \text{ and } V\text{-ing}_2

原句可理解為:自從 DNA 分子結構的突破性發現以來,科學家在理解並操控這種最重要的生物分子方面,已取得驚人的進展。


解題方法

先觀察主要動詞片語:

scientists have made astounding progress\text{scientists have made astounding progress}

make progress 後面若要說明「在哪一方面取得進展」,最自然且標準的搭配是:

make progress in + V-ing\text{make progress in + V-ing}

因此應使用:

made astounding progress in understanding and manipulating\text{made astounding progress in understanding and manipulating}

其中:

  • in understanding:在理解方面
  • and manipulating:在操控方面
  • understanding 與 manipulating 形成平行結構,共同受介系詞 in 支配。

完整句意為:

「自從五十多年前 DNA 分子結構的突破性發現以來,科學家在理解並操控這種最重要的生物分子方面,已取得驚人的進展。」


選項分析

(A) scientists have made astounding progress to understand and to manipulate

此選項不佳,原因有二:

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第 18 題

In the following questions, choose the answer that corrects the sentence underscored. (4% × 10 = 40%).
18. China's economy continues to flourish this year: industrial production grew, inflation has eased, and
the trade surplus swelled.
(A) grew, inflation has eased, and the trade surplus swelled
(B) has grown, inflation has eased, and the trade surplus swelled
(C) has grown, inflation eased, and the trade surplus has swelled
(D) has grown, inflation eased, and the trade surplus is swelling
(E) is growing, inflation easing and the trade surplus swelling

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查「現在完成式與過去式的時態選擇」,並兼顧三個並列子句的語意與結構。

  • 現在完成式:have/has+p.p.have/has + p.p.,表示過去發生的變化延續至現在,或其結果對現在仍有影響。
  • 過去式:表示已在過去某個時間完成的動作或變化。
  • this year 搭配 continues to flourish,語意是描述「截至目前為止」的年度經濟表現,因此累積性的變化宜使用現在完成式。

句子中的三個並列部分分別是:

  1. industrial production has grown
  2. inflation eased
  3. the trade surplus has swelled

其中工業生產與貿易順差是截至目前的累積成長,使用現在完成式;通膨則表示已經出現緩和,使用過去式 eased。

解題方法

先觀察主句:

China's economy continues to flourish this year

continues 是現在式,且 this year 表示目前仍在進行的年度期間。冒號後面是支持「經濟持續繁榮」的三項證據,應選擇能與整體時間語意相符的時態。

正確句子為:

China's economy continues to flourish this year: industrial production has grown, inflation eased, and the trade surplus has swelled.

has grown 與 has swelled 表示今年到目前為止的累積成長;eased 表示通膨已經緩和這項完成的變化。

選項分析

(A) grew, inflation has eased, and the trade surplus swelled

錯誤。grew 與 swelled 都是過去式,較適合搭配明確的過去時間,例如 last year、in 2009。本句主旨是說今年截至目前的經濟表現,應改用現在完成式:

  • grew →\rightarrow has grown
  • swelled →\rightarrow has swelled
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第 19 題

In the following questions, choose the answer that corrects the sentence underscored. (4% × 10 = 40%).
19. A teacher at the school acknowledged that, despite government sponsored endeavors to improve
classroom performance, an extraordinary high percentage of their students fail to gain admission to
higher education.
(A) an extraordinary high percentage of their students fail to gain admission to higher education
(B) an extraordinarily high percentage of its students fail to gain admission to higher education
(C) an extraordinary high percentage of its students fails to gain admission to higher education
(D) the percentage of their students failing to gain admission to higher education is extraordinarily
high
(E) a high percentage of its students, extraordinarily high in fact, fails to gain admission to higher
education

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這一題的完整詳解

這是一道考驗形容詞與副詞用法、主詞與動詞的數一致性 (subject-verb agreement) 以及代名詞指代 (pronoun reference) 的題目。原句的下劃線部分是 "an extraordinary high percentage of their students fail to gain admission to higher education."。

【解題步驟】

  1. 分析原句結構與語意:

    • 主句:"A teacher at the school acknowledged that..." (學校的一位老師承認,...)。
    • 讓步狀語:"despite government sponsored endeavors to improve classroom performance" (儘管有政府贊助的旨在提高課堂表現的努力)。
    • 賓語從句:"an extraordinary high percentage of their students fail to gain admission to higher education." (他們班級中 an extraordinary high percentage 的學生未能進入高等教育)。
    • 句子的意思是:儘管有努力,但很大比例的學生還是考不上大學。
  2. 分析下劃線部分的結構和問題:

    • "an extraordinary high percentage of their students fail..."
    • 形容詞/副詞用法: "extraordinary" (形容詞) 修飾 "high" (形容詞),"high" 修飾 "percentage" (名詞)。這是不正確的。應該是用副詞來修飾形容詞。
    • 代名詞指代: "their students"。這裡的 "their" 指代誰?前面提到 "A teacher at the school"。那麼 "their" 應該是指「老師的學生」或「學校的學生」。
    • 主詞與動詞一致性: 主詞是 "percentage"。 "percentage" 是單數名詞,因此謂語動詞應該是單數形式 (fails)。原句的 "fail" 是複數形式,與主詞 "percentage" 不一致。
  3. 評估選項:

    (A) an extraordinary high percentage of their students fail to gain admission to higher education

    • "extraordinary high":形容詞修飾形容詞,錯誤。
    • "their students":代名詞指代清晰。
    • "fail":與單數主詞 "percentage" 不一致,錯誤。

    (B) an extraordinarily high percentage of its students fail to gain admission to higher education

    • "an extraordinarily high percentage":副詞 "extraordinarily" 修飾形容詞 "high",結構正確。
    • "its students":這裡的 "its" 指代誰?"A teacher" 是單數,但 "teacher" 通常不單獨使用 "its" 來指代其學生的。如果指代 "the school",那麼 "its students" 是正確的。然而,上下文更傾向於指老師的學生,或者學校的學生。如果指代「老師」,則應是 "his/her students"。如果指代「學校」,則 "its students" 是正確的。
    • "fail":與單數主詞 "percentage" 不一致,錯誤。
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第 20 題

In the following questions, choose the answer that corrects the sentence underscored. (4% × 10 = 40%).
20. A course of cognitive behavior therapy can be as effective, if not more so, than drug therapy and
without the side effects, in helping the elderly to overcome insomnia.
(A) as effective, if not more so, than drug therapy and without the side effects, in helping the elderly
to overcome insomnia
(B) more effective than drug therapy and without the side effects, in helping the elderly to overcome
insomnia
(C) at least as effective in helping the elderly overcome insomnia as drug therapy, and is without the
side effects of drug treatment
(D) at least as effective as drug therapy in helping the elderly to overcome insomnia without side
effects
(E) equally effective as drug therapy in helping the elderly to overcome insomnia without side effects

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考比較句型、平行結構與修飾語位置。

比較兩種療法的效果時,可用 as + 形容詞 + as,表示「和……一樣有效」;加上 at least,則表示「至少和……一樣有效」。若要表達認知行為治療沒有藥物治療的副作用,應把副作用明確連到藥物治療,避免修飾語位置造成歧義。

解題方法

先確認句子要表達的兩項資訊:

  1. 認知行為治療對改善老年人的失眠,效果至少不輸藥物治療。
  2. 認知行為治療沒有藥物治療所帶來的副作用。

選項(C)用 at least as effective … as drug therapy 建立完整的比較結構,再用 and is without the side effects of drug treatment 補充副作用的資訊。主詞仍是 A course of cognitive behavior therapy,兩個述語分別說明療效與副作用,意思清楚。

選項分析

  • (A)錯誤。 as effective, if not more so, than drug therapy 本身可表示「至少和藥物治療一樣有效,甚至更有效」。但接續 and without the side effects 後,句子把療效與副作用片語接在一起,整體結構不夠平行;末尾的 in helping… 也使修飾關係不清楚。此選項原樣保留了題目中的問題,沒有完成修正。
  • **(B)錯誤。
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第 21 題

IV. Reading (4% ×5= 20%).
Television's Invention
In the early years of television, Vladimir Zworykin was, at least in the public sphere, recognized as its
inventor. His loudest champion was his boss, David Sarnoff, then president of RCA and a man that we regard
even today as "the father of television." Current historians agree, however, that Philo Farnsworth, a
self-educated prodigy who was the first to transmit live images, was television's true inventor.
In his own time, Farnsworth's contributions went largely unnoticed, in large part because he was excluded
from the process of introducing the invention to a national audience. Sarnoff put televisions into living rooms,
and Sarnoff was responsible for a dominant paradigm of the television industry that continues to be relevant
today: advertisers pay for the programming so that they can have a receptive audience for their products.
Sarnoff had already utilized this construct to develop the radio industry, and it had, within ten years, become
ubiquitous. Farnsworth thought the television should be used as an educational tool, but he had little
understanding of the business world, and was never able to implement his ideas.
Perhaps one can argue that Sarnoff simply adapted the business model for radio and television from the
newspaper industry, replacing the revenue from subscriptions and purchases of individual newspapers with
that of selling the television sets themselves, but Sarnoff promoted himself as nothing less than a visionary.
Some television critics argue that the construct Sarnoff implemented has played a negative role in
determining the content of the programs themselves, while others contend that it merely created a democratic
platform from which the audience can determine the types of programming it wants.
21. The primary purpose of the passage is to
(A) correct public misconception about Farnsworth's role in developing early television programs
(B) debate the influence of television on popular culture
(C) challenge the current public perception of Vladimir Zworykin
(D) chronicle the events that led up to the invention of the television
(E) describe Sarnoff's influence on the public perception of television's inception, and debate the impact
of Sarnoff's paradigm

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這一題的完整詳解

這是一道主旨題 (main purpose of the passage)。文章主要在探討電視的發明者、早期產業模式以及相關人物的角色。

【解題步驟】

  1. 閱讀文章,理解各段大意:

    • 第一段: 介紹了電視的發明者之爭。雖然 Zworykin 被認為是發明者,但歷史學家認為 Philo Farnsworth 才是真正的發明者,因為他是第一個傳輸 live images 的人。David Sarnoff 被稱為「電視之父」。
    • 第二段: 描述 Farnsworth 的貢獻被忽視,以及 Sarnoff 推動電視普及的過程。重點在於 Sarnoff 建立的「廣告付費節目」的產業模式 (paradigm),該模式至今仍影響深遠。Farnsworth 的教育用途想法未能實現。
    • 第三段: 探討 Sarnoff 的商業模式,認為他從報業借鑒。同時也提到對 Sarnoff 模式的爭議:有人認為它對節目內容產生負面影響,有人認為它創造了民主平台。
  2. 分析選項,判斷哪個最符合文章整體主旨:

    (A) correct public misconception about Farnsworth's role in developing early television programs

    • 文章確實提到了 Farnsworth 是真正的發明者,這可能糾正了一些誤解。但文章的重點不僅僅是 Farnsworth。

    (B) debate the influence of television on popular culture

    • 文章提到了 Sarnoff 的模式對節目內容的影響,以及觀眾如何決定節目類型,這與大眾文化有關。但文章的重點不僅僅是影響,還包括發明者和商業模式。
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第 22 題

IV. Reading (4% ×5= 20%).
Television's Invention
In the early years of television, Vladimir Zworykin was, at least in the public sphere, recognized as its
inventor. His loudest champion was his boss, David Sarnoff, then president of RCA and a man that we regard
even today as "the father of television." Current historians agree, however, that Philo Farnsworth, a
self-educated prodigy who was the first to transmit live images, was television's true inventor.
In his own time, Farnsworth's contributions went largely unnoticed, in large part because he was excluded
from the process of introducing the invention to a national audience. Sarnoff put televisions into living rooms,
and Sarnoff was responsible for a dominant paradigm of the television industry that continues to be relevant
today: advertisers pay for the programming so that they can have a receptive audience for their products.
Sarnoff had already utilized this construct to develop the radio industry, and it had, within ten years, become
ubiquitous. Farnsworth thought the television should be used as an educational tool, but he had little
understanding of the business world, and was never able to implement his ideas.
Perhaps one can argue that Sarnoff simply adapted the business model for radio and television from the
newspaper industry, replacing the revenue from subscriptions and purchases of individual newspapers with
that of selling the television sets themselves, but Sarnoff promoted himself as nothing less than a visionary.
Some television critics argue that the construct Sarnoff implemented has played a negative role in
determining the content of the programs themselves, while others contend that it merely created a democratic
platform from which the audience can determine the types of programming it wants.
22. It can be inferred from the third paragraph of the passage that
(A) television shows produced by David Sarnoff and Vladimir Zworykin tended to earn negative
reviews
(B) educational programs cannot draw as large an audience as sports programs
(C) a number of critics feel that Sarnoff's initial decision to earn television revenue through advertising
has had a positive or neutral impact on content
(D) educational programs that are aired in prime time, the hours during which the greatest number of
viewers are watching television, are less likely to earn a profit than those that are aired during the
daytime hours
(E) in matters of programming, the audiences preferences should be more influential than those of the
advertisers immune interrupted

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查閱讀理解中的「段落推論題」。重點不是尋找原文逐字相同的句子,而是根據段落內容判斷作者可支持的合理結論。

文章最後一段指出,Sarnoff 採用「由廣告商支付節目製作費用」的商業模式後,評論家有兩種看法:

  1. 此模式對電視節目內容產生負面影響。
  2. 此模式建立了民主平台,使觀眾能決定自己想看的節目類型。

因此,第二種看法代表部分評論家認為這種廣告模式至少具有中性,甚至偏正面的影響。

解題方法

題幹問:

It can be inferred from the third paragraph of the passage that...

也就是要求從指定段落推論。

關鍵句為:

Some television critics argue that the construct Sarnoff implemented has played a negative role...

以及:

others contend that it merely created a democratic platform from which the audience can determine the types of programming it wants.

其中,some 與 others 表示評論家有不同意見。前者認為廣告模式造成負面影響;後者則認為它提供民主平台,讓觀眾影響節目類型。

所以可推得:部分評論家認為 Sarnoff 透過廣告獲利的決策,對節目內容沒有負面影響,甚至具有正面作用。這正是選項 (C) 的意思。

選項分析

(A) television shows produced by David Sarnoff and Vladimir Zworykin tended to earn negative reviews

David Sarnoff 與 Vladimir Zworykin 主要是電視發展史上的人物。文章並未討論他們製作的電視節目,也沒有提到節目評論好壞,因此錯誤。

(B) educational programs cannot draw as large an audience as sports programs

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第 23 題

IV. Reading (4% ×5= 20%).
Television's Invention
In the early years of television, Vladimir Zworykin was, at least in the public sphere, recognized as its
inventor. His loudest champion was his boss, David Sarnoff, then president of RCA and a man that we regard
even today as "the father of television." Current historians agree, however, that Philo Farnsworth, a
self-educated prodigy who was the first to transmit live images, was television's true inventor.
In his own time, Farnsworth's contributions went largely unnoticed, in large part because he was excluded
from the process of introducing the invention to a national audience. Sarnoff put televisions into living rooms,
and Sarnoff was responsible for a dominant paradigm of the television industry that continues to be relevant
today: advertisers pay for the programming so that they can have a receptive audience for their products.
Sarnoff had already utilized this construct to develop the radio industry, and it had, within ten years, become
ubiquitous. Farnsworth thought the television should be used as an educational tool, but he had little
understanding of the business world, and was never able to implement his ideas.
Perhaps one can argue that Sarnoff simply adapted the business model for radio and television from the
newspaper industry, replacing the revenue from subscriptions and purchases of individual newspapers with
that of selling the television sets themselves, but Sarnoff promoted himself as nothing less than a visionary.
Some television critics argue that the construct Sarnoff implemented has played a negative role in
determining the content of the programs themselves, while others contend that it merely created a democratic
platform from which the audience can determine the types of programming it wants.
23. Which of the following best illustrates the relationship between the second and third paragraphs?
(A) The second paragraph dissects the evolution of a contemporary controversy; the third paragraph
presents differing viewpoints on that controversy.
(B) The second paragraph explores the antithetical intentions of two men involved in the infancy of an
industry; the third paragraph details the eventual deterioration of that industry.
(C) The second paragraph presents differing views of a historical event; the third paragraph represents the
author's personal opinion about that event.
(D) The second paragraph provides details that are necessary to support the author s opinion, which is
presented in the third paragraph.
(E) The second paragraph presents divergent visions about the possible uses of a technological device; the
third paragraph initiates a debate about the ramifications of one of those perspectives.

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這一題的完整詳解

這是一道考驗段落之間關係的題目。需要理解第二段和第三段各自的內容,然後判斷它們之間的聯繫。

【解題步驟】

  1. 閱讀第二段,理解其內容:

    • 第二段主要講述 Farnsworth 的貢獻被忽視,以及 Sarnoff 如何推動電視進入家庭。
    • 核心內容是 Sarnoff 建立的「廣告付費節目」模式 (paradigm),以及 Farnsworth 的「教育工具」想法未能實現。
    • 總結:第二段描述了 Sarnoff 在推廣電視和建立產業模式方面的作用,以及 Farnsworth 的不同願景。
  2. 閱讀第三段,理解其內容:

    • 第三段探討 Sarnoff 的商業模式,可能源自報業。
    • 接著,它引用了「一些電視評論家」的觀點,認為 Sarnoff 的模式對節目內容有「負面影響」。
    • 同時,又引用了「另一些評論家」的觀點,認為它創造了「民主平台」,讓觀眾決定節目類型。
    • 總結:第三段聚焦於對 Sarnoff 模式的爭議和不同評價(負面 vs. 民主平台)。
  3. 分析選項,判斷哪個選項最能描述第二段和第三段的關係:

    (A) The second paragraph dissects the evolution of a contemporary controversy; the third paragraph
    presents differing viewpoints on that controversy.

    • 第二段描述了 Sarnoff 建立的產業模式,這是一個重要的「發展」。但文章主要不是在講述一個「當代的爭議」的演變過程。
    • 第三段確實呈現了對 Sarnoff 模式的不同觀點(負面 vs. 民主平台),這是一個爭議。
    • 但第二段的主要內容不是「演變」,而是「建立」。

    (B) The second paragraph explores the antithetical intentions of two men involved in the infancy of an
    industry; the third paragraph details the eventual deterioration of that industry.

    • 第二段確實提到了 Farnsworth (教育工具) 和 Sarnoff (商業模式) 的不同想法,可以說是「對立的意圖」。
    • 但是,第三段並沒有詳細描述「產業的最終惡化」。反而是在討論 Sarnoff 模式的影響和爭議。

    (C) **The second paragraph presents differing views of a historical event; the third

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第 24 題

In the following questions, choose the answer that corrects the sentence underscored. (4% × 10 = 40%).
24. According to the passage, the television industry, at its inception, earned revenue from
(A) advertising only
(B) advertising and the sale of television sets
(C) advertising and subscriptions
(D) subscriptions and the sale of television sets
(E) advertising, subscriptions, and the sale of television sets.

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這一題的完整詳解

這是一道細節題,要求根據文章內容判斷電視產業在初期是從哪些途徑獲得收入。

【解題步驟】

  1. 定位相關段落: 文章提到了電視產業的收入來源,主要在第二段和第三段。
  2. 閱讀第二段:
    • "Sarnoff was responsible for a dominant paradigm of the television industry that continues to be relevant today: advertisers pay for the programming so that they can have a receptive audience for their products."
    • 這明確指出,廣告商付費給節目。
  3. 閱讀第三段:
    • "Perhaps one can argue that Sarnoff simply adapted the business model for radio and television from the newspaper industry, replacing the revenue from subscriptions and purchases of individual newspapers with that of selling the television sets themselves..."
    • 這句話提到 Sarnoff 從報業借鑒,報業的收入來自「訂閱和購買報紙」。
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第 25 題

In the following questions, choose the answer that corrects the sentence underscored. (4% × 10 = 40%).
25. The passage suggests that Farnsworth might have earned greater public notoriety for his invention if
(A) Vladimir Zworykin had been less vocal about his own contributions to the television
(B) Farnsworth had been able to develop and air his own educational programs
(C) Farnsworth had involved Sarnoff in his plans to develop, manufacture, or distribute the television
(D) Sarnoff had involved Farnsworth in his plans to develop, manufacture, or distribute the television
(E) Farnsworth had a better understanding of the type of programming the audience wanted to watch
most.

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這一題的完整詳解

這是一道推論題,要求根據文章判斷 Farnsworth 在什麼情況下可能獲得更大的公眾關注。

【解題步驟】

  1. 定位與 Farnsworth 相關的段落:

    • 第一段提到 Farnsworth 是「真正的發明者」,但他的貢獻「largely unnoticed」。
    • 第二段提到 Farnsworth 的貢獻被忽視,因為他「被排除在將發明推向全國觀眾的過程中」。
    • 同時提到 Sarnoff 推動了電視的普及,並建立了商業模式。
    • Farnsworth 的想法是將電視用作「教育工具」,但他「不理解商業世界」,「從未能實現他的想法」。
  2. 分析 Farnsworth 公眾關注度不高 (largely unnoticed) 的原因:

    • 被排除在推廣過程之外。
    • 缺乏商業頭腦,未能實現自己的想法。
  3. 評估選項,判斷哪個情況可能增加 Farnsworth 的公眾關注度:

    (A) Vladimir Zworykin had been less vocal about his own contributions to the television

    • 文章提到 Zworykin 被公眾認為是發明者,Sarnoff 是他的擁護者。
    • 如果 Zworykin 的貢獻不那麼被強調,Farnsworth 的「真正的發明者」的形象可能會更突出。
    • 但這並不是 Farnsworth 本身「未能獲得關注」的原因,而是 Zworykin 的形象問題。

    (B) Farnsworth had been able to develop and air his own educational programs

    • 文章提到 Farnsworth 希望將電視用作教育工具,但未能實現。
    • 如果他能成功開發並播出自己的節目,這將是他能直接推廣自己想法的方式,可能增加他的知名度。
    • 然而,文章強調他「被排除在推廣過程之外」,並且「不理解商業世界」。即使他開發了節目,也未必能「air」(播出)並獲得廣泛關注。

    (C) **Farnsworth had involved Sarnoff in his plans to develop, manufacture, or d

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