109 年 國立政治大學會計研究所會計組《中英語文能力》
第 一 題30 分
閱讀測驗與摘要 (30%)
Please summarize the main ideas of the following passages in one short paragraph. Please write the summary in your own words. Please do not simply recycle sentences in the passages.
(以下文字取材自Time 並經些許改編)
Gossip. All humans partake in some form, despite the age-old adage, "If you have nothing nice to say, don't say anything at all." Whether it's workplace chatter, the sharing of family news or group texts between friends, it's unavoidable that everyone who talks, well, talks about other people. In fact, a 1993 observational study found that male participants spent 55% of conversation time and female participants spent 67% conversation time on "the discussion of socially relevant topics."
People tend to think of gossip as synonymous with malicious rumors, put-downs or the breathless propagation of a tabloid scoop. But researchers often define it more broadly: as "talking about people who aren't present," says Megan Robbins, an assistant professor of psychology at the University of California, Riverside. "It's something that comes very naturally to us" an integral part of conversation, information sharing and even community building.
Some scholars view gossip as evidence of cultural learning, offering teachable moments and providing people with examples of what's socially acceptable and what's not. For example, if there's someone who cheats a lot in a community or social circle and people start to talk about that person in a negative way, says Robbins, the collective criticism should warn others of the consequences of cheating. And as word near-inevitably trickles back to source of said gossip, it can "serve to keep people in check, morally speaking,” Robbins adds.
"People are really resistant to thinking about gossip as anything but a bad behavior," says Robbins. And one scholar also notes that there are some types of gossip that should be avoided, such as gossip that is purely harmful and serves no greater purpose — like mean comments about someone's looks.
Gossiping also says something about the relationships people have with each other. "In order to gossip, you need to feel close to people," says Stacy Torres, assistant professor of sociology at the University of California, San Francisco, who has studied gossip in older adults. "There's an intimacy" to sharing experiences and feeling like you're on the same page about others, she points out. Torres' research has found that gossip can stave off loneliness, while other studies have found it can facilitate bonding and closeness and serve as a form of entertainment.
So, keep on talking. And when your conversation turns to gossip, as it inevitably will, remember that some good can come of it — with the right intentions, of course.
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這是一篇關於「八卦」(gossip) 的閱讀測驗與摘要題，要求考生閱讀文章後，用自己的話寫成一個段落的摘要，不能直接引用原文句子。此題主要在評量考生對英文文章的理解能力，以及是否能用簡潔的語言歸納出核心訊息。
解題思路：
- 理解核心概念： 文章開頭即點出八卦是人類普遍的行為，即使有「寧可沉默也不說壞話」的古老諺語，人們仍不可避免地談論他人。
- 區分傳統與學術定義： 大眾普遍認為八卦是惡意謠言或小道消息，但研究者更廣泛地定義為「談論不在場的人」，並認為這是自然且有助於對話、資訊分享甚至社群建立的行為。
- 探討八卦的正面功能：
- 文化學習與規範： 提供關於社會可接受與不可接受行為的範例，集體批評有助於警示他人，並讓說八卦者「約束他人，從道德上來說」。
- 人際關係： 需要與人親近才能八卦，這是一種親密感，能促進情感交流、認同感，並有助於建立連結、親近感，甚至作為娛樂。
- 減緩孤獨感： 研究發現八卦可以緩解孤獨。
- 區分八卦的類型： 強調並非所有八卦都是好的，純粹有害、無益且僅為惡意評論（如批評外貌）的八卦應避免。
- 總結觀點： 文章鼓勵人們繼續談話，並在談論八卦時，記住其潛在的益處（若出發點是好的）。
摘要撰寫重點：
考生需要將上述幾點綜合起來，用自己的話表達：八卦是人類普遍的行為，儘管常被視為負面，但研究者將其定義為更廣泛的「談論不在場的人」，並指出八卦具有多重功能，包括促進社群連結、傳遞社
第 三 題30 分
英文寫作(30%)
Please write two paragraphs about being busy. In the first paragraph, please describe a period of your life in which you were very busy. In the second, please respond to the following questions: do you like to be very busy? why or why not?
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這是一篇英文寫作題，要求考生撰寫兩段關於「忙碌」(being busy) 的文章。第一段需描述人生中一段非常忙碌的時期，第二段則需回答是否喜歡忙碌，以及原因。此題主要評量考生的英文寫作能力，包括組織、敘事、表達觀點以及文法、詞彙的運用。
解題思路：
第一段：描述一段忙碌的時期
- 選擇一個具體的時期： 可以是學業壓力大的時候（如準備研究所考試、趕論文）、工作項目繁重的時候、同時處理多項重要事務的時候，或是人生中的特殊階段（如剛創業、搬家、照顧家人等）。
- 描繪「忙碌」的具體情境：
- 時間安排： 每天/每週的行程有多滿？睡眠時間是否嚴重不足？假日是否也無法休息？
- 任務內容： 具體在做什麼事情？任務的複雜度和數量如何？
- 感受與影響： 身體上的疲憊、精神上的壓力、對生活其他方面的影響（如社交、娛樂、飲食、情緒）。
- 使用具體細節： 舉例說明，例如「每天早上五點起床，晚上十一點才能休息」、「連續加班兩週」、「同時進行 A、B、C 三個重要專案」。
- 結構： 開頭點明時期，中間闡述忙碌的具體內容和感受，結尾可簡述該時期結束後的狀態或學到的教訓。
第二段：回答是否喜歡忙碌及其原因
- 明確表態： 直接回答「Yes, I like being very busy」或「No, I don't like being very busy」，或採取較為中性的立場（如「I have mixed feelings about being busy」）。
- 闡述原因 (Why or why not?)：
- 如果喜歡忙碌：
- 成就感： 忙碌帶來目標感和完成任務的滿足感。
- 成長與學習： 挑戰性的任務促使個人學習新技能、提升能力。
- 充實感： 覺得生活有意義，不虛度光陰。
- 避免無聊： 忙碌可以讓自己遠離空虛和無聊。
- 效率與生產力： 認為自己在高壓和時間壓力下能有更高的產出。
- 如果不喜歡忙碌：
- 身心健康： 擔憂過度忙碌對健康（身體和心理）造成損害。
- 生活品質： 認為忙碌擠壓了生活中的樂趣、陪伴家人朋友、個人興趣的時間。
- 效率下降： 過度疲勞反而導致效率低下、錯誤增多。
- 如果喜歡忙碌：