111 年 國立臺灣大學法醫學科暨法醫學研究所碩士班乙組《應用病理學》

Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?
(A) ARDS is a manifestation of severe acute lung injury
(B) The histologic manifestation of ARDS is diffuse alveolar damage
(C) The characteristic histologic finding is emphysematous change
(D) ARDS is a clinical syndrome of progressive respiratory insufficiency in the setting of sepsis, severe
trauma or diffuse pulmonary infection
(E) The mortality rates were 35%~46%

Among the various types of lung cancer, which of the following carcinomas is most commonly associated
with ectopic hormone production?
(A) Adenocarcinoma
(B) Squamous cell carcinoma (C) Invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma
(D) Small cell carcinoma
(E) Large cell carcinoma

Primary tuberculosis is characterized by
(A) The combination of parenchymal lung lesion and nodal involvement (Ghon complex)
(B) All stage of HIV infection are not associated with an increased risk of tuberculosis
(C) Systemic miliary tuberculosis
(D) Pott disease
(E) Pleural effusion

The fungus most commonly detected in blood or CSF with various immunoassays is
(A) Candida
(B) Cryptococcus
(C) Pneumocystis jirovecii
(D) Aspergillus
(E) Mucormycotina

The main effects of chronic alcoholism are stated as followings, EXCEPT for
(A) Fatty liver
(B) Alcoholic hepatitis (C) Cirrhosis (D) Pancreatitis (E) Pneumonia

The hazards of prematurity may give rise to the followings, EXCEPT for,
(A) Hyaline membrane disease
(B) Necrotizing enterocolitis
(C) Fetal hydrops
(D) Sepsis
(E) Intraventricular and germinal matrix hemorrhage

"The sudden death of an infant which remains unexplained after a thorough case investigation" may be
associated with
(A) Prematurity
(B) Congenital anomaly
(C) Fetal hydrops
(D) Sudden infant death syndrome
(E) Fetal growth restriction

"A defect in the vascular wall leading to an extravascular hematoma that freely communicates with the
intravascular space" is named
(A) Aneurysm
(B) Pseudoaneurysm
(C) Atherosclerosis
(D) Vascular malformation
(E) Varicosis

Which of the following diseases occurs after group A streptococcal pharyngitis?
(A) Rheumatic fever
(B) Typhoid fever
(C) Hay fever
(D) Cor pulmonale
(E) Ischemic heart disease

Which of the following lymphomas is the most common and aggressive with rapidly fatal course without
treatment?
(A) Lymphoblastic lymphoma
(B) Small lymphocytic lymphoma (C) Follicular lymphoma
(D) Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
(E) Marginal zone lymphoma

The most common predisposing conditions related to "spontaneous rupture" of the spleen are
(A) Tuberculosis
(B) Candidiasis
(C) Infectious mononucleosis, malaria, typhoid fever
(D) Miliary tuberculosis
(E) Hyperplenism

Apical lung cancers that tend to invade the neural structures around the trachea & cervical sympathetic
plexus, and produce Horner syndrome are referred to as
(A) Carcinoid tumor
(B) Pancoast tumor
(C) Malignant mesothelioma
(D) Solitary fibrous tumor
(E) Hamartoma

Which of the following pathogenesis is not associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck?
(A) Infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV)
(B) Smoked tobacco and alcohol
(C) Actinic radiation and pipe smoking
(D) Chewing of betel quid
(E) Herpes simplex virus infection

The most common salivary gland tumor is
(A) Basal cell adenoma
(B) Warthin tumor
(C) Oncocytoma
(D) Pleomorphic adenoma
(E) Ductal papilloma

Which of the following statements is not associated with Barrett esophagus?
(A) Barrett esophagus can be identified only thorough endoscopy and biopsy
(B) It is usually prompted by GERD symptoms
(C) Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma typically arises in the background of Barrett esophagus
(D) It is characterized by intestinal metaplasia within the esophageal squamous mucosa
(E) It is associated with an increased risk of cancer

Which of the following risk factors does not belong to peptic ulcer disease?
(A) Menetrier disease
(B) Helicobacter pylori infection
(C) Cigarette use
(D) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(E) Psychological stress

The disease of the gastrointestinal tract is typically transmural in
(A) Ulcerative colitis
(B) Crohn disease
(C) Adenocarcinoma
(D) Carcinoid tumor
(E) Pseudomembranous colitis

Which of the following diseases may have occult metastases at the time of diagnosis?
(A) Osteochondroma
(B) Osteosarcoma
(C) Chondrosarcoma
(D) Osteoblastoma
(E) Fibrous dysplasia

Hyperucicemia may present in patients with
(A) Ankylosing spondylitis
(B) Mycobacterial arthritis
(C) Gout
(D) Lyme arthritis
(E) Ganglion cyst

Which of the followings is NOT TRUE for deep fibromatosis (desmoid tumor)?
(A) Large, infiltrative mass
(B) Frequently recur
(C) Frequently metastasize
(D) Do not metastasize
(E) So-called aggressive fibromatosis

The most common form of skeletal malignancy is
(A) Chondrosarcoma
(B) Osteosarcoma
(C) Synovial sarcoma
(D) Ewing sarcoma
(E) Metastatic tumors

Mesothelioma is not found with
(A) Asbestos bodies are found in increased numbers in the lungs of patients with mesothelioma
(B) The tumor cells show strong immunoreactivity to TTF-1 protein
(C) Mesothelioma is usually associated with extensive pleural effusion and direct invasion
(D) The affected lung becomes ensheathed by a thick layer of soft, gelatinous, grayish pink tumor tissue
(E) The most common cytogenetic abnormalities is homozygous deletion of chromosome 9p leading to
loss of the tumor suppressor gene CDKN2A.

Which of the following descriptions is NOT TRUE for Marfan syndrome?
(A) A disorder of connective tissues, manifested principally by changes in the skeleton, eyes and
cardiovascular system
(B) Marfan syndrome results from an inherited defect in an extracellular glycoprotein called fibrillin-1.
(C) Skeletal abnormalities are the most striking feature of Marfan syndrome
(D) The most characteristic ocular change is bilateral subluxation or dislocation of the lens (ectopia lentis)
(E) The most common finding of cardiovascular lesions is aortic valve prolapse

Glycogen storage disease includes
(A) Niemann-Pick disease
(D) Tay-Sachs disease
(B) Gaucher disease
(E) Mucopolysaccharidoses
(C) Pompe disease

The chronic disease characterized by dry eyes and dry mouth resulting from immunologically mediated
destruction of the lacrimal and salivary glands is
(A) Sjögren syndrome
(B) Marfan syndrome
(C) Systemic lupus erythematosus
(D) Rheumatoid arthritis
(E) Goodpasture syndrome

哪一種病毒性肝炎會造成肝細胞的毛玻璃樣(ground-glass appearance)?
(A) hepatitis A
(B) hepatitis B
(C) hepatitis C
(D) hepatitis D
(E) hepatitis E

好發於嬰幼兒期的肝腫瘤為
(A) hepatoblastoma
(B) hepatocellular carcinoma
(C) cholangiocarcinoma
(D) focal nodular hyperplasia
(E) hepatocellular adenoma

胰臟癌最常見的突變發生於下列哪個基因?
(A) CDKN2A
(B) TP53
(C) SMAD4
(D) KRAS
(E) BRCA2

最常引起急性膽囊炎的原因為
(A)膽結石
(B)細菌性感染 (C)病毒性感染 (D)酒精成癮 (E)寄生蟲感染

下列對成年型多囊性腎病變(adult polycystic kidney disease)的敘述何者有誤?
(A)為隱性遺傳疾病
(B)發生率比兒童型多囊性腎病變高
(C)囊腫除了腎臟外也可能發生於肝臟胰臟
(D)腎臟囊腫可以發生在腎元的近端或遠端腎小管
(E)成年患者可能會出現高血壓、血尿、腎結石或腎衰竭

在IgA腎病(Berger disease)中IgA是沉積在腎小球的
(A) subendothelial region
(B) subepithelial region
(C) mesangium
(D) Bowman capsule
(E) 以上皆是

睪丸的生殖細胞瘤最常有血液 alpha-fetoprotein 上升的是
(A) seminoma
(B) yolk sac tumor
(C) embryonal carcinoma
(D) choriocarcinoma
(E) prepubertal teratoma

下列有關前列腺癌的敘述何者有誤?
(A)最常發生在前列腺的周邊區(peripheral zone)
(B)腫瘤的分級(grading)和期別(stage)是重要的預後因素
(C)血行性轉移最常到骨頭
(D) PSA(prostate specific antigen)用來篩檢前列腺癌具有高度特異性和靈敏性
(E)常同時有前列腺上皮內瘤(prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, PIN)

子宮內膜癌最常發生的組織型別為
(A) endometrioid carcinoma
(B) mucinous carcinoma
(C) clear cell carcinoma
(D) serous carcinoma
(E) carcinosarcoma

最常導致子宮頸鱗狀細胞癌的人類乳突病毒(human papilloma virus)是哪一型?
(A) type 6
(B) type 8
(C) type 11
(D) type 16
(E) type 18

三陰性乳癌指的是哪三者為陰性?
(A) BRCA1, BRCA2, HER2
(B) p53, BRCA1, BRCA2
(C) HER2, ER, PR
(D) p53, HER2, ER
(E) PIK3CA, p53, HER2

下列哪種乳房變化有最高的罹患乳癌風險?
(A) fibrocystic change
(B) mild ductal epithelial hyperplasia
(C) fibroadenoma
(D) atypical ductal hyperplasia
(E) ductal carcinoma in situ

下列哪個賀爾蒙不是來自腦下腺前葉?
(A) growth hormone
(B) prolactin
(C) luteinizing hormone
(D) thyroid stimulating hormone
(E) antidiuretic hormone

下列何者不是甲狀腺機能亢進的表現?
(A)心搏過快
(B)手部顫抖
(C)食慾增加
(D)體重增加
(E)皮膚濕熱

庫欣氏症候群(Cushing syndrome)的病患不會出現下列哪個症狀?
(A)水牛肩
(B)月亮臉
(C)骨質疏鬆
(D)血糖不耐
(E)低血壓

下列哪個皮膚疾病是由病毒引起?
(A) seborrheic keratosis
(B) lichen planus
(C) erythema multiforme
(D) verruca vulgaris
(E) psoriasis

下列何者不是急性發炎時的組織反應?
(A)血管通透性增加
(B)血管收縮
(C)嗜中性球活化
(D)嗜中性球遷移出血管
(E)TNF、IL-1等細胞激素上升

下列何者不是副甲狀腺素(parathyroid hormone)的功能?
(A)促進腎小管鈣離子再吸收
(B)促進腎小管磷酸鹽再吸收
(C)促進腸道鈣和磷的吸收
(D)增加破骨細胞(osteoclast)的活性
(E)促進維生素D的活化

下列哪個腫瘤比較常看到鈣化的砂礫小體(psammoma body)?
(A) meningioma
(B) glioblastoma
(C) astrocytoma
(D) oligodendroglioma
(E) schwannoma

下列哪個神經疾病主要是影響髓鞘?
(A)庫賈氏症(Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease)
(B)巴金森氏症(Parkinson's disease)
(C)亨丁頓舞蹈症(Huntington's Disease)
(D)威爾森氏症(Wilson's disease)
(E)多發性硬化症(multiple sclerosis)

孩童最常見的眼睛惡性腫瘤是
(A)視網膜母細胞瘤
(B)脈絡膜黑素瘤
(C)視網膜淋巴瘤
(D)視神經膠質瘤
(E)眼瞼皮脂腺癌

乾酪性壞死(caseous necrosis)最常發生於下列哪一種感染?
(A)隱球菌
(B)念珠菌
(C)結核分枝桿菌
(D)單純疱疹病毒
(E)金黃色葡萄球菌

下列哪個因素和惡性黑色素瘤的預後最不相關?
(A)腫瘤侵犯的深度
(B)腫瘤細胞有絲分裂的數目
(C)腫瘤細胞的大小
(D)腫瘤浸潤淋巴細胞的數量
(E)腫瘤上的皮膚潰瘍

下列有關多囊性卵巢症候群(polycystic ovarian syndrome)的臨床表徵何者有誤?
(A)雄性素過多
(B)月經稀少
(C)不孕
(D)經痛
(E)肥胖

下列何者不是第一型多發性內分泌腫瘤症候群(type I multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome)好發的腫瘤?
(A) parathyroid adenoma
(B) pituitary adenoma
(C) duodenal gastrinoma
(D) pancreas endocrine tumor
(E) thyroid medullary carcinoma