108 年 國立成功大學碩士班共同科目《英文（A）》

A.
The face of air pollution has changed. Modern air pollution does not look like the thick black industrial
smoke from the past. We are all familiar with images of Beijing's Bird's Nest Olympic stadium and the
Forbidden City shrouded in haze and the city's residents wearing protective ____. Despite this coverage in
the news, Beijing does not head the WHO list of the world's most polluted cities. It was 56th in 2016 and
____ to 187th in 2017.

1. (A) gloves (B) masks (C) scarfs (D) helmets

The face of air pollution has changed. Modern air pollution does not look like the thick black industrial
smoke from the past. We are all familiar with images of Beijing's Bird's Nest Olympic stadium and the
Forbidden City shrouded in haze and the city's residents wearing protective ____. Despite this coverage in
the news, Beijing does not head the WHO list of the world's most polluted cities. It was 56th in 2016 and
____ to 187th in 2017.

2. (A) rose (B) raised (C) dropped (D) diminished

Of the worst fifty, the vast majority are in ____: twenty-four cities are in India, eight are in China,
three in Iran and three in Pakistan. Six of the worst fifty are in the Middle East, including four in Saudi
Arabia.

3. (A) Oceania (B) Asia (C) North America (D) Africa

At the other end of the scale, we find small towns in Iceland, Canada, the US and Scandinavia are some
of the cleanest. There are some large cities near the bottom of the list too-including Vancouver and
Stockholm-which show that air pollution is not a(n) ____ part of city life.

4. (A) inevitable (B) avoidable (C) regrettable (D) unforgettable

Air pollution is a global challenge that still needs to be ____ alongside both climate change and the
creation of healthy cities.

5. (A) erased (B) destroyed (C) tackled (D) waived

The trials, which included a total of 998 overweight or ____ people, pitted the Mediterranean diet
(which is rich in vegetables, fruits, grains, beans, and olive oil but light on meat, dairy, and eggs) ____ one
or more of three other diets: a low-fat diet, a low-carb diet, and the American Diabetes Association diet.

6. (A) oversight (B) stretched (C) enlarged (D) obese

The trials, which included a total of 998 overweight or ____ people, pitted the Mediterranean diet
(which is rich in vegetables, fruits, grains, beans, and olive oil but light on meat, dairy, and eggs) ____ one
or more of three other diets: a low-fat diet, a low-carb diet, and the American Diabetes Association diet.

7. (A) against (B) on (C) by (D) for

Over all, people lost between 9 and 22 pounds after a year on the Mediterranean diet, which was similar
to the number of pounds ____ by those on a low-carb diet or the ADA diet. In comparison, those on the
low-fat diets ____ between just 6 and 11 pounds.

8. (A) shed (B) gained (C) acquired (D) received

In comparison, those on the
low-fat diets ____ between just 6 and 11 pounds.

9. (A) lost (B) loose (C) loss (D) losing

For people who want to lose weight, there is no single, ideal diet. However, because the Mediterranean
diet also appears to cut the ____ of heart attack and stroke by 30%, it is an especially good option for those
prone to heart disease.

10. (A) benefit (B) bonus (C) risk (D) relation

For people who want to lose weight, there is no single, ideal diet. However, because the Mediterranean
diet also appears to cut the ____ of heart attack and stroke by 30%, it is an especially good option for those
prone to heart disease. The study ____ in the latest issue of The American Journal of Medicine.

11. (A) seen (B) read (C) disappeared (D) appeared

Japan experienced a string of severe natural disasters in the summer of 2018, ranging from big
earthquakes in Osaka and Hokkaido to torrential rains that caused landslides and floods over broad areas of
western Japan, a powerful typhoon that ____ Kansai International Airport and what was called a
"disaster-level" heat wave that killed dozens of people across the country.

12. (A) accelerated (B) paralyzed (C) strengthened (D) fortified

The Japanese government recently compiled an emergency three-year program to fix vulnerabilities in
key infrastructure, such as river embankments, roads and bridges, airports and power facilities to make them
more ____ against big disasters. These efforts are ____ necessary.

13. (A) fragile (B) resilient (C) tender (D) soft

The Japanese government recently compiled an emergency three-year program to fix vulnerabilities in
key infrastructure, such as river embankments, roads and bridges, airports and power facilities to make them
more ____ against big disasters. These efforts are ____ necessary.

14. (A) barely (B) hardly (C) indeed (D) perhaps

But priorities need to be set on
projects that require ____ action, so that the government's limited financial resources can be used as
efficiently as possible. Improvement must be made not only to physical infrastructure but also to operational
aspects of the anti-disaster efforts - such as better communications and sharing of information with local
residents to enable timely evacuations to ____ the impact of disasters.

15. (A) busy (B) hardworking (C) diligent (D) urgent

But priorities need to be set on
projects that require ____ action, so that the government's limited financial resources can be used as
efficiently as possible. Improvement must be made not only to physical infrastructure but also to operational
aspects of the anti-disaster efforts - such as better communications and sharing of information with local
residents to enable timely evacuations to ____ the impact of disasters.

16. (A) worsen (B) mitigate (C) fester (D) injure

When torrential rains struck
western Japan in July, many of the landslides and floods that caused a large numbers of ____ happened in
areas that had long been identified as being at risk for such damage. Since the forecasts of heavy rainfall
hitting the risk areas did not lead to the ____ evacuation of many residents, a large number of them died.

17. (A) fatalities (B) fallacies (C) mortality (D) immortality

Since the forecasts of heavy rainfall
hitting the risk areas did not lead to the ____ evacuation of many residents, a large number of them died.

18. (A) on time (B) timed (C) punctual (D) timely

People living in these areas need to be properly ____ of the disaster risks in their neighborhood. Finally, measures to regulate housing development in areas with
high risks of flooding or landslides may need to be considered as part of the anti-disaster efforts.

19. (A) scolded (B) comforted (C) excluded (D) informed

The social network, which has been under fire for ____ foreign interference in U.S. politics, has
found that domestic actors have also been creating fake pages and accounts to attract people with shocking
political news, the way they have in the past with celebrity news or health news. Their motivation is ____
financial, the company said.

20. (A) disabling (B) stopping (C) facilitating (D) inhibiting

The social network, which has been under fire for ____ foreign interference in U.S. politics, has
found that domestic actors have also been creating fake pages and accounts to attract people with shocking
political news, the way they have in the past with celebrity news or health news. Their motivation is ____
financial, the company said.

21. (A) mostly (B) conversely (C) sharp (D) contrary

In the past, Facebook has pulled hundreds of fake pages spreading political misinformation from
countries including Russia and Iran. Those types of posts had the aim of sowing ____ in the U.S., setting
up protest events and moments of outrage. The domestic actors, in contrast, are trying to generate ____ by
getting more people to click on their accounts, pages or advertisements, according to Facebook.

22. (A) reconciliation (B) interest (C) discord (D) affection

In the past, Facebook has pulled hundreds of fake pages spreading political misinformation from
countries including Russia and Iran. Those types of posts had the aim of sowing ____ in the U.S., setting
up protest events and moments of outrage. The domestic actors, in contrast, are trying to generate ____ by
getting more people to click on their accounts, pages or advertisements, according to Facebook.

23. (A) contempt (B) revenue (C) bitterness (D) conflict

One thing in
common, though, is the use of fake identities and accounts to artificially increase the popularity of certain
news, gaming the company's ____ in the process.

24. (A) algorithm (B) prospect (C) currency (D) saving

Facebook's rules don't stop people from saying things that are false and ____. But the company tries
to take down accounts and pages that are not from real people.

25. (A) incendiary (B) cement (C) incentive (D) centralized

26. What is the most likely title of the essay above?
    (A) Global Language for the Twenty-First Century
    (B) Occupational Education under Siege
    (C) Key to Success in the Tech Sector
    (D) What Straight-A Students Get Wrong

27. What is the author's occupation?
    (A) Professor
    (B) Tax Auditor
    (C) Interior Designer
    (D) Zoologist

28. According to the author, good grades simply prove students' ability to
    (A) create creative plans
    (B) memorize course materials
    (C) lead a team for challenge
    (D) navigate a new environment

29. Dr. Karen Arnold found that straight-A students usually had successful careers, but they
    (A) rarely became the game changers
    (B) usually failed shortly
    (C) tended to quit too early
    (D) are troubled by self-doubts

30. What do the examples of Steve Jobs and J. K. Rowling demonstrate?
    (A) Career excellence must be fostered from an early age.
    (B) Career excellence is not dependent on academic excellence.
    (C) Career excellence is over emphasized in our society.
    (D) Career excellence can only emerge from states of distress.

31. According to the essay above, new discoveries about dice reveal Europeans' changing attitudes about
    (A) health
    (B) fate
    (C) wealth
    (D) fame

32. Unlike the common dice in our times, Roman dice were
    (A) made of wood
    (B) made from single-origin cocoa beans
    (C) highly irregular in shape
    (D) uniformed in size

33. While ancient Romans believed the outcome of a roll was determined either by authorities or divine
    powers, Europeans during the Renaissance believed that dice should be fair and all numbers should
    appear
    (A) in a fixed pattern
    (B) as a prophecy
    (C) to carry out justice
    (D) with equal probability

34. The popularity of symmetrical dice
    during the Renaissance is reflective of the development of
    in the same time frame.
    (A) chemistry
    (B) mathematics
    (C) physics
    (D) astrology

35. Nowadays, researchers can give us lucid explanations of how dice travel across regions and periods.
    However, which of the following is NOT among their primary concerns?
    (A) Determining the material
    (B) Locating the origin
    (C) Analyzing the cultural background
    (D) Naming the designer

How good are you at time management? Do you easily get distracted, feel lazy, and tend to procrastinate? Or, are you a disciplined person who does what you need to when you need to do it? Write a short essay of 100–120 words to explain the strategies you use to keep yourself focused on achieving your goals.