115 年 國立成功大學碩士班共同科目《英文（B）》

本題考驗對文章段落主旨的判讀能力。段落 D 的內容是關於如何從大自然（蜘蛛絲）獲取高強度纖維的靈感，以及生物科技公司 Nexia 如何透過基因轉殖技術讓山羊生產蜘蛛絲蛋白，並探討其應用潛力，例如用於太空繩索。

分析段落 D 的句子：

1. "Some high-tech textiles draw their inspiration from nature." (點出靈感來源)
2. "Spider silk is a natural fiber that is five times as strong as steel." (舉例說明自然界的強韌纖維)
3. "Unfortunately, spiders cannot be farmed, as they will eat each other." (說明直接養殖蜘蛛的困難)
4. "A Canadian biotechnology firm, Nexia, has come up with a possible alternative to spider farming: They have inserted the spider-silk protein gene into goats, thereby causing them to produce spider-silk protein in their milk." (提出解決方案：基因轉殖山羊)
5. "Nexia's head, Jeff Turner, is already dreaming of applications for the new fiber, named BioSteel." (介紹新纖維名稱並提及應用前景)
6. "Why use rockets to lift objects into orbit?... Why not have a [big] satellite and dangle a rope down to Earth and pull them up?... [There's] not a rope that will hold its weight at that length-but spider silk with its high strength-to-weight ratio could." (具體闡述應用潛力，如太空繩索)

段落的主旨是介紹如何透過生物科技從自然界（蜘蛛絲）獲取高性能纖維，並探討其應用。
句子 1 僅是引出主題。
句子 2 介紹蜘蛛絲的特性。
句子 3 指出直接養殖蜘蛛的困難。
句子 4 則直接點出 Nexia 公司提出的解決方案（基因轉殖山羊生產蜘蛛絲蛋白），這是段落的核心創新與發展。
句子 5 和 6 則是基於這個解決方案所衍生的應用與願景。

因此，最能代表段落主旨的句子是描述 Nexia 公司如何解決蜘蛛絲獲取問題的句子。然而，題目要求從提供的四個選項中選擇，這代表段落 D 的句子標號可能與其原文標號不一致，或者題目敘述中的「sentence」指的是段落內的第幾句話，而不是原文的句子編號。

本題考驗對文章內容的理解和細節記憶。題目問的是 Jeff Turner 期望哪種材料能用於將衛星送入太空。

根據文章段落 D 的內容：「Nexia's head, Jeff Turner, is already dreaming of applications for the new fiber, named BioSteel. "Why use rockets to lift objects into orbit?... Why not have a [big] satellite and dangle a rope down to Earth and pull them up?... [There's] not a rope that will hold its weight at that length-but spider silk with its

本題考驗對單字的語意辨識和上下文理解能力。題目要求找出與段落 E 中 "elements" 最接近的詞義。

段落 E 的內容是關於服飾的演變和未來趨勢。其中提到：「"In the past, clothing protected us from the elements," says Ian Scott, head of technology for women's wear at British department store Marks & Spencer. "Then clothing became about fashion. The future is about clothing that can do something for you. It's no longer passive. It's active

本題考驗對整篇文章內容的記憶和篩選能力，找出文章中未提及的項目。

我們逐一檢查文章中提到的高科技紡織品：
a. Textiles that can absorb large amounts of oil: 在段落 C 中提到：「There is an oil-eating textile that absorbs five times its weight in oil, and is perfect for cleaning up oil spills.」此項有提及。
b. Fibers that can resist high temperatures: 在段落 C 中提到：「Other high-tech fibers can resist very high temperatures—perfect for firefighters and race-car drivers.」此項有提及。

本題考驗對文章內容的理解，判斷一項陳述的真偽。陳述為：「Most inventors share their ideas for the future with the public.」

文章在段落 C 中提到：「While not all companies are forthcoming about their products for fear of having their ideas stolen, Huges Vinchon, an executive at Dubar-Warneton, a manufacturer of high-tech textiles in France, is happy to display some of the amazing syn

本題考驗對單字（antonym）的理解以及 predict 和 foresee 這兩個單字的詞義。

"Antonym" 意為反義詞。
"Predict" 意為預測，預言。
"Foresee" 意為預見，預知。

本題考驗對慣用語 "happens overnight" 的理解。

本題考驗對文章內容的細節記憶。

文章段落 B 提到：「The first truly synthetic fiber didn't appear until 1935, when scientists at the DuPont Com

本題考驗對文章內容的性質和主題的判斷，以及推測其可能出現的出版物類型。

這篇文章的標題是 "Life in Miniature"，副標題是 "Bacteria: They're invisible. They're everywhere. And we need them to live." 文章討論了細菌的種類、對人體的好處與壞處、抗生素的使用問題，以及益生菌的發展。這些內容都屬於健康、醫學和生物學科普知識的範疇。

選項分析：
a. on the back of a medicine container：藥品容器背面通常有藥品說明、成分、用法用量等，較少會有篇幅這麼長且內容深入的

本題考驗對文章內容的理解，判斷關於 Staphylococcus aureus 的正確敘述。

文章段落「Life in Miniature」中提到 Staphylococcus aureus：
「But some bacteria can be dangerous. Take, for example, Staphylococcus aureus. It lives in our noses. Usually, it's harmless; other bacteria in the nose control it. But if S. aureus travels to another environment, things change. In the skin, for example, it can cause deadly infections.」

本題考驗對文章中代名詞指代對象的理解。題目要求判斷第四段中的 "the good kind" 指的是什麼。

文章第四段（從「So what can we do?」開始）提到：「Antibiotics kill bad, infection-causing bacteria. But this medicine kills good bacteria in our bodies, too. When we kill the good kind, this can cause other health problems.」

本題考驗對文章內容的理解，探究醫生使用「益生菌療法」的原因。

文章第四段（從「So what can we do?」開始）提到：「So what can we do? We should not use antibiotics very often, say scientists. We can fight infections, but we also need to maintain helpful bacteria in the body. To help us do this, doctors are now developing "probiotic remedies." These new medicines will return certain bacteria to the body and restore the balance our body needs.」

本題考驗對文章內容的細節記憶。題目詢問人體內所有細菌的總重量。

文章開頭的「Life in Miniature」段落提到：「In our bodies, bacteria outnumber human cells by ten to one. All this bacteria weighs as much as your brain--ne

本題考驗對文章段落主旨的判讀能力。題目要求找出段落 A 中哪一句話最能代表該段落的主旨。

段落 A 的內容是關於「Hunter-Gatherers and the Paleo Diet」。
「Until agriculture was developed around 10,000 years ago, all humans got their food by hunting, gathering, and fishing. As farming began, the numbers of nomadic hunter-gatherers diminished as they were pushed off farmland. Eventually they became limited to the forests of the Amazon, the grasslands of Africa, the remote islands of Southeast Asia, and the tundra* of the Arctic. Today, only a few scattered tribes of hunter-gatherers remain on the planet and scientists are hoping to learn what they can about ancient diets before they disappear.」

我們來分析段落 A 的句子：

1. "Until agriculture was developed around 10,000 years ago, all humans got their food by hunting, gathering, and fishing."

本題考驗對代名詞指代對象的理解。題目要求判斷段落 B 最後一句中的 "them" 指代的是什麼。

段落 B 的內容是關於「Hunter-Gatherers and the Paleo Diet」。
「So far, so scientists like Peter Ungar, a paleoanthropologist, have studied the diets of hunter-gatherers who are alive today. The idea that we're trapped in Stone Age diets is based in the current enthusiasm for Paleolithic diets. The theory of these so-called Stone Age diets is based on the period from about 2.6 million years ago to the start of the agricultural revolution—and our genes haven't had time to adapt to farmed foods. In other words, we can't digest th

本題考驗對文章內容的理解，判斷哪些是狩獵採集者會吃的食物。

文章段落 E 提到：「So how do hunter-gatherers get energy when there's no meat? Well, "man the hunter" is helped by "woman the gatherer," who provides more calories during fish. When meat, fruit, or honey is not available, the Hadza generally rely on plants and nuts, which are also

本題考驗對文章內容的判斷，區分「事實」（fact）與「理論/觀點」（theory/opinion）。

我們逐一分析各選項：
a. "The Paleolithic period refers to a period of time that began about 2.6 million years ago."
這是關於時間劃分的定義，屬於歷史學和考古學上的既定事實或廣泛接受的劃分標準。文章段落 B 提到：「The theory of these so-called Stone Age diets is based on the period from about 2.6 million years ago...」這是一個關於時間的陳述，在學術上是被廣泛接受的。

b. "Cordain is a nutritionist who studied the diets of hunter-gatherers who are alive today."
這是關於 Cordain 這個人的身份和研究內容的陳述。文章段落 C 提到：「Cordain studied the diets of living hunter-gatherers.」這是對一個具體人物及其研究的描述，如果 Cordain 確實是這樣一位營養學家，那麼這是一個事實陳述。

c. "A diet similar to what people ate in the Stone Age can prevent many medical problems."
這是關於石器時代飲食對健康影響的說法。

核心觀念

本題考查文章末段對「穴居人飲食法」（caveman diet）的評價，以及人類飲食適應的演化觀點。

Aiello 等古人類學家的立場是：人類在演化過程中並未被固定設計成只能吃某一套理想食物。相反地，人類能依據環境、資源與生活方式改變飲食內容，飲食彈性正是人類適應環境、延續生存的重要能力。

因此，判斷重點在於辨認作者是否支持「固定的史前飲食」，或主張「彈性與適應能力」。

解題方法

題幹問的是：

Which statement best reflects the position of Aiello and other paleoanthropologists?

也就是「哪一個敘述最能反映 Aiello 與其他古人類學家的立場？」

解題時應抓住兩個關鍵對比：

• 固定、單一的史前飲食
• 依環境改變的彈性飲食

若段落 F-G 強調人類能適應不同食物來源，便可排除把健康歸因於單一飲食標準、農業食物或基因限制的選項。符合文章主旨的是「人類的飲食成功來自彈性與適應，而非固定的穴居人飲食」。

選項分析

(a) Humans are biologically designed to follow a single ideal diet rooted in the Paleolithic era.

人類在生物學上被設計成必須遵循一套源自舊石器時代的理想飲食。

此選項錯誤。它把人類飲食描述成單一且固定的模式，並認為舊石器時代的飲食就是人類最理想的飲食。這與古人類學家所強調的飲食彈性相反。

(b) Dietary health depends mainly on eliminating foods introduced by agriculture.

飲食健康主要取決於排除農業出現後才引進的食物。