111 年 國立成功大學土木工程系碩士班乙組《基礎工程》
第 1 題45 分
國立成功大學 111 學年度碩士班招生考試試題
編號: 98
系所: 土木工程學系
考試科目: 基礎工程
考試日期: 0219, 節次: 1
第1頁, 共2頁
※ 考生請注意: 本試題可使用計算機。請於答案卷(卡)作答, 於本試題紙上作答者, 不予計分。
- For the gravity retaining wall (concrete = 24 kN/m³) as shown in Fig 1, give the following data.
Wall dimensions:
H = 7 m, D = 1 m, x₁ = X2 = X3 = X4 = X5 = X6 = 1 m
Soil properties:
Y₁ = 17 kN/m³, ф₁ = 30°, c₁ = 0;
Y₂ = 18 kN/m³, ф₂ = 25°, c₂ = 20 kN/m².
Answer the following questions (45%).
🖼️【此處有附圖,請對照原卷】
(1) Calculate the Rankine active force per unit length of the wall (with the simplified assumption for design). (10%)
(2) Following (1), Calculate the corresponding overturning moment about the toe. (5%)
(3) Following (2), Calculate the factor of safety against overturning (neglect the passive force in front of the wall). (10%)
(4) Following (1), calculate the factor of safety against sliding (neglect the passive force in front of the wall). (10%)
[friction angle between the soil and the base ]
[adhesion between the soil and the base ]
(5) Is the wall safe (considering both overturning and sliding)? (4%)
If not, give two suggestions for improvement. (6%)
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核心觀念
本題考查重力式擋土牆的:
- Rankine 主動土壓力。
- 主動土壓造成的傾覆力矩。
- 牆體自重造成的抗傾覆力矩。
- 基礎底面摩擦力與黏著力造成的抗滑力。
- 傾覆與滑動安全係數判定。
採用簡化設計假設:背填土水平、牆背光滑、主動土壓力為水平力,忽略前方被動土壓力與地下水壓力。
(1) Rankine 主動土壓力
背填土為土層 1,故採用:
Rankine 主動土壓力係數為:
因為 ,主動土壓力呈三角形分布:
代入 :
其作用位置位於基礎頂面以上:
(2) 對牆趾的傾覆力矩
由圖可知 量至基礎頂面,基礎厚度為:
因此主動土壓力作用線至基礎底部牆趾的垂直距離為:
故傾覆力矩:
(3) 抗傾覆安全係數
基礎底寬為:
牆身梯形面積:
基礎底板面積:
每公尺牆長的混凝土重量:
由於圖中 且 ,牆體重量中心位於基礎中央,因此重量作用線距牆趾:
第 2 題10 分
國立成功大學 111 學年度碩士班招生考試試題
編號: 98
系所: 土木工程學系
考試科目: 基礎工程
考試日期: 0219, 節次: 1
第1頁, 共2頁
※ 考生請注意: 本試題可使用計算機。請於答案卷(卡)作答, 於本試題紙上作答者, 不予計分。
- For a flexible foundation lying on a homogeneous elastic half-space, as shown in Fig. 2, the elastic settlement under the center on the foundation, , may be expressed as:
where is the net applied pressure on the foundation, and are Poisson's ratio and the elastic modulus of the soil under the foundation, respectively, is the width of the foundation, and is the influence factor that depends on the shape of the foundation.
In addition, the elastic settlement of a rigid foundation, , can be approximated as
🖼️【此處有附圖,請對照原卷】
Determine the coefficient of subgrade reaction of a rigid foundation based on the given equations (10%).
Hint: In the approximate flexible method of design, the soil is assumed to be equivalent to an infinite number of elastic springs. The elastic constant of these assumed springs is referred to as the coefficient of subgrade reaction, which can be regarded as the spring stiffness per area (unit usually in kN/m³ or lb/in³).
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核心觀念
本題考查「地基反力係數」 的定義。將土壤視為無限多個彼此獨立的彈簧時,
其中 為基礎上的淨作用壓力, 為基礎沉陷量。
剛性基礎的沉陷量應採用題目所給的 。
解題方法與推導
題目給出柔性基礎中心沉陷量:
又已知剛性基礎沉陷量約為柔性基礎中心沉陷量的 倍:
代入上式:
依地基反力係數定義,
因此
第 3 題45 分
國立成功大學 111 學年度碩士班招生考試試題
編號: 98
系所: 土木工程學系
考試科目: 基礎工程
考試日期: 0219, 節次: 1
第2頁, 共2頁
- Fig. 3 shows a surface foundation of dimensions = 3 m x 3 m. Answer the following questions (45%).
🖼️【此處有附圖,請對照原卷】
(1) Suggest the minimum depth of boring for site investigation for this foundation. (10%)
Hint: The depth where the stress increase caused by the foundation below its center is equal to 10% of the net applied pressure on the foundation can be regarded as the minimum required depth of boring. Assuming this foundation as a uniformly loaded flexible rectangular area, then the stress increase can be approximately estimated using the 2:1 method.
(2) Considering Q = 1000 kN, M = 0, c' = 50 kN/m², φ' = 0, use general bearing capacity equation to determine the ultimate load that the foundation can carry (10%).
(3) Following (2), check if the bearing capacity of this foundation meets the required factor of safety for long-term loading (5%).
(4) Considering Q = 500 kN, M = 200 kN-m, c' = 0, φ' = 30°, check if the load eccentricity causes a separation between the foundation and the soil (the reason MUST be given) (10%).
(5) Following (4), use general bearing capacity equation and effective area method (Meyerhoff, 1953) to determine the ultimate load that the foundation can carry (10%).
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核心觀念
本題考查四個重點:
- 以 法估算基礎下方應力影響深度。
- 以一般承載力公式計算淺基礎極限承載力。
- 以偏心距 判斷基礎底面是否產生拉力與脫離。
- 以 Meyerhof 有效面積法處理偏心荷載。
基礎為地表基礎,因此 ,覆土壓力
一般承載力公式採用
其中圖中給定形狀因數為
(1)最小鑽孔深度
以 表示基礎底面的淨施加壓力。 法在基礎底面下深度 處的應力增加量為
題目要求
代入 :
因為是地表基礎,基礎底面即為地表,所以最小鑽孔深度為
判斷技巧: 使用 法時,深度 處的擴散面積為 ,不是 。
(2)、 時的極限承載力
因為
承載力因數取
正方形基礎 ,故
由於 且 :
基礎面積為
因此可承受的極限荷載為
(3)長期荷載安全係數檢核
題目未列明所要求的安全係數,依淺基礎長期承載力常用值取
實際安全係數為
因為
所以不符合長期荷載所需安全係數。
等價地,容許荷載為