113 年國立清華大學動力機械工程學系碩士班己組《科技英文》考古題與詳解

Question 1

Choose the best answer to replace the section in the question that has an underline.
10. The ____ of the coated material was nanometer level.
(A) thick
(B) thicker
(C) thickest
(D) thickness
(E) thicks

Accepted Answer

本題考查對名詞單複數及介系詞的辨識能力。
題目問「二氧化碳是碳和氧的...」，二氧化碳 (Carbon dioxide) 本身是一個物質的總稱，是一個單數名詞。選項 (A) compound 是單數名詞，意為「化合物」，符合語意。選項 (B) compounds 是複數名詞，不適用於單一物質的描述。

Question 2

Choose the best answer to replace the section in the question that has an underline.
11. The characteristic ____ of the sample were performed by the experiments.
(A) analyze
(B) analyzed
(C) analyst
(D) analysis
(E) analyses

Accepted Answer

核心觀念 本題考查「分詞片語修飾名詞」與「主動、被動語態」的判斷。 句子的主幹是： The new machine attracted many possible sponsors. 這部新機器吸引了許多潛在贊助者。 其中，produced by the engineers 修飾前面的名詞 the new machine，表示「由工程師製造的」。完整形式為： The new machine which was produced by the engineers attracted many possible sponsors. 關係代名詞子句 which was produced by the engineers 可簡化為過去分詞片語： The new machine produced by the engineers attracted many possible sponsors. 因為機器是「被工程師製造」，所以使用過去分詞 produced。 解題方法 先找句子的主要動詞。句尾的 attracted 是主要動詞： - 主詞：The new machine produced by the engineers - 動詞：attracted - 受詞：many possible sponsors 接著判斷空格後的內容 the engineers 與前面的 the new machine 之間的關係： - 工程師製造機器：機器是被製造者。 - 因此需要被動語態：be produced by the engineers。 - 簡化成分詞片語後，保留過去分詞：produced by the engineers。 完整句意為： 工程師製造的新機器吸引了許多潛在贊助者。 選項分析 (A) production production 是名詞，意思是「生產、製造」： The new machine production the engineers attracted... 放入後，machine production 可組成名詞片語，但其後直接接 the engineers，缺少必要的介系詞、關係代名詞或其他連接結構，無法形成合乎文法的句子。因此錯誤。 (B) produced produced 是過去分詞，但後面接有施動者 the engineers 時，必須搭配 by： produced by the engineers 若使用 produced：

Question 3

Choose the best answer to replace the section in the question that has an underline.
7. A microscope ____ a small thing appear much larger than it is.
(A) make
(B) makes
(C) made in
(D) made from
(E) making

Accepted Answer

本題考查主詞與動詞的一致性，以及動詞的時態與語態。
題目句子的主詞是 "The development of new technologies"，這是一個單數名詞片語，其中核心名詞是 "development"。因此，後面的動詞應該是單數形式。

選項 (A) remain 是複數動詞。
選項 (B) remains 是單數動詞，符合主詞 "development" 的單數形式。
選項 (C) is remained 是被動語態，表示「被保持」，語意不通。

Question 4

Choose the best answer to replace the section in the question that has an underline. 4. Each of the members been selected by election. (A) have (B) has (C) is (D) are (E) were

Accepted Answer

本題考查主詞與動詞的一致性，以及動詞時態的選擇。
句子的主詞是 "Each of the members"。當 "each" 作為主詞時，即使後面跟著複數名詞片語 (of the members)，動詞仍需使用單數形式。
此外，句子的結構是 "Each of the members ____ been selected..."。這裡的 "been selected" 是現在完成式的被動語態 (present perfect passive)，表示動作已經發生且有持續的影響，或者強調動作的完成。現在完成式需要助動詞 "have" 或 "has" 來構成。

Question 5

Choose the best answer to replace the section in the question that has an underline. 5. The submitted paper was published November 2023. (A) at (B) of (C) in (D) on (E) for

Accepted Answer

本題考查介系詞的正確使用。
題目是關於論文的發表時間。對於月份或年份，我們通常使用介系詞 "in"。

"at" 通常用於具體的時間點，例如 "at 3 PM" 或 "at noon"。
"of" 通常用於連接名詞，例如 "the month of November"。
"in" 用於較長的時間段，如月份、年份、季節、世紀等。

Question 6

Choose the best answer to replace the section in the question that has an underline. 6. solve the issues, we have previously developed a special machine. (A) In (B) Of (C) For (D) From (E) To

Accepted Answer

本題考查不定詞片語的用法，以及其在句中的功能。
題目句子的後半部是 "we have previously developed a special machine."（我們先前開發了一台 special machine。）
前半部 "____ solve the issues" 應該說明開發這台機器的目的。
當不定詞片語 (to + 原形動詞) 用來表示目的時，通常放在句首或句尾。
例如："We developed this machine to solve the issues." (我們開發這台機器是為了解決問題。)

Question 7

Choose the best answer to replace the section in the question that has an underline.
10. The ____ of the coated material was nanometer level.
(A) thick
(B) thicker
(C) thickest
(D) thickness
(E) thicks

Accepted Answer

本題考查動詞的時態與形式，以及受詞＋不定詞的句型。
句子的主詞是 "A microscope" (單數)。
句子描述顯微鏡的功能，這是一個普遍的真理或事實，因此需要使用現在簡單式 (simple present tense)。
對於單數主詞 "A microscope"，現在簡單式的動詞應該是單數形式。

選項 (A) make 是複數動詞或原形動詞。
選項 (B) makes 是單數動詞，符合主詞 "A microscope"。
選項 (C) made in 是過去分詞片語，表示「在...製造」，語意不符。
選項 (D) made from 是過去分詞片語，表示「由...製成」，語意不符。

Question 8

Choose the best answer to replace the section in the question that has an underline.
21. The ____ of the particles under a pressure-driven flow was recorded using a microscope and camera.
(A) director
(B) perception
(C) security
(D) trajectory
(E) wisdom

Accepted Answer

本題考查比較級的用法。
題目進行的是兩者之間的比較：「較窄的通道製作」與「較寬的通道製作」。當進行兩者比較的場合，需要使用形容詞的比較級。
句子的結構是 "The narrower channel fabrication is ____ fabrication than the wider channel fabrication."
這裡的 "____" 應該填入一個形容詞的比較級，用來描述 "narrower channel fabrication" 相較於 "wider channel fabrication" 的程度。

Question 9

Choose the best answer to replace the section in the question that has an underline. 9. The glass material has good for chemical samples. (A) stay (B) stable (C) stability (D) static (E) steady

Accepted Answer

本題考查詞性辨識與名詞的用法。
句子結構是 "The glass material has good ____ for chemical samples."
"good" 是形容詞，後面需要接一個名詞來完成 "has good ____" 的結構，意為「具有良好的...」。
選項 (A) stay 是動詞或名詞 (停留)，語意不符。
選項 (B) stable 是形容詞，意為「穩定的」。
選項 (C) stability 是名詞，意為「穩定性」。

Question 10

Choose the best answer to replace the section in the question that has an underline. 10. The of the coated material was nanometer level. (A) thick (B) thicker (C) thickest (D) thickness (E) thicks

Accepted Answer

本題考查詞性辨識與名詞的用法。 句子結構是 "The of the coated material was nanometer level." "The of..." 的結構表明，空格處需要填入一個名詞，作為 "of the coated material" 的主體，並與後面的 "was" 構成句子的主詞。 "nanometer level" (奈米級) 是形容詞片語，用來描述某個特徵的大小。

Question 11

Choose the best answer to replace the section in the question that has an underline.
14. The target molecule was damaged by ____ measurement methods.
(A) incentive
(B) inventive
(C) instinctive
(D) instructive
(E) invasive

Accepted Answer

本題考查詞性辨識與名詞複數形式的選擇。
句子結構是 "The characteristic ____ of the sample were performed by the experiments."
"The characteristic ____" 是一個名詞片語，其中 "characteristic" 是形容詞，修飾後面的名詞。
"of the sample" 是介系詞片語，修飾前面的名詞片語。
"were performed by the experiments" 是句子的謂語動詞部分，表示「由實驗執行」。

Question 12

Choose the best answer to replace the section in the question that has an underline. 12. The droplet size as the pressure increases. (A) depends (B) demands (C) decreases (D) defends (E) defines

Accepted Answer

本題考查動詞的選擇與語意。
句子描述了液滴大小與壓力之間的關係。當壓力增加時，液滴大小的變化需要一個動詞來連接。
選項 (A) depends：depends on (依賴於)，需要介系詞 "on"。
選項 (B) demands：要求，語意不符。
選項 (C) decreases：減少，表示液滴大小隨著壓力增加而變小。

Question 13

Choose the best answer to replace the section in the question that has an underline.
34. When 1 nN is applied to the area with 1000 nm width and 1000 nm height, what is the pressure value?
(A) 1 mPa
(B) 1 Pa
(C) 1 hPa
(D) 1 kPa
(E) 1 MPa

Accepted Answer

本題考查統計學相關詞彙的辨識。 題目提到「資料中的誤差是透過標準的計算來估計的」。在統計學中，用於衡量數據離散程度或誤差的標準值是「標準差」(standard deviation)。 選項 (A) delivery：遞送，語意不符。 選項 (B) demonstration：展示，語意不符。

Question 14

Choose the best answer to replace the section in the question that has an underline.
24. Silicon carbide (chemical formula: ____) is widely used as a semiconductor material.
(A) SC
(B) SCa
(C) SiC
(D) SiCO
(E) SiCa

Accepted Answer

本題考查形容詞的語意辨識。 題目描述「目標分子被的測量方法破壞了」。這句話暗示了測量方法對分子造成了損害。 選項 (A) incentive：刺激性的，鼓勵性的 (名詞或形容詞)，語意不符。 選項 (B) inventive：創新的，發明的 (形容詞)，通常是正面的，與「破壞」的語意不符。 選項 (C) instinctive：本能的 (形容詞)，語意不符。

Question 15

Choose the best answer to replace the section in the question that has an underline.
24. Silicon carbide (chemical formula: ____) is widely used as a semiconductor material.
(A) SC
(B) SCa
(C) SiC
(D) SiCO
(E) SiCa

Accepted Answer

本題考查名詞的語意辨識，特別是在物理學或化學的語境下。
題目描述「水的沸騰過程中會發生____」。水的沸騰是指從液態轉變為氣態的過程。

選項 (A) transition：轉變，過渡。在物理學中，"phase transition" (相變) 指物質從一種相態轉變到另一種相態，例如從液態到氣態。
選項 (B) transmission：傳輸，傳播 (如光、聲、熱的傳輸)。

Question 16

Choose the best answer to replace the section in the question that has an underline.
2. The new machine ____ the engineers attracted many possible sponsors.
(A) production
(B) produced
(C) produced by
(D) producing
(E) producing by

Accepted Answer

本題考查詞性辨識，特別是名詞的用法。
句子結構是 "The Carnot cycle is closely related to the second law of ____."
"the second law of ____" 是一個名詞片語，其中 "law" 是名詞，"of" 後面需要接另一個名詞來指明是哪個定律。

選項 (A) thermal 是形容詞，意為「熱的」。
選項 (B) thermally 是副詞，意為「在熱學上」。
選項 (C) thermodynamic 是形容詞，意為「熱力學的」。

Question 17

Choose the best answer to replace the section in the question that has an underline.
13. The errors in the data were estimated using calculations of standard ____.
(A) delivery
(B) demonstration
(C) deviation
(D) declaration
(E) decomposition

Accepted Answer

本題考查形容詞的語意辨識，特別是在描述意見分歧的場合。
題目描述「會議在達成共識方面遇到很大困難，原因是成員們的____意見」。達成共識意味著意見趨於一致。如果意見不一致，就難以達成共識。

選項 (A) trivial：瑣碎的，微不足道的。意見瑣碎不一定導致難以達成共識。
選項 (B) common：共同的，普通的。共同的意見反而有利於達成共識。
選項 (C) divergent：分歧的，不同的。分歧的意見是導致難以達成共識的主要原因。
選項 (D) explicit：明確的，清晰的。明確的意見有助於討論，但不一定導致難以達成共識。

Question 18

Choose the best answer to replace the section in the question that has an underline.
16. The Carnot cycle is closely related to the second law of ____.
(A) thermal
(B) thermally
(C) thermodynamic
(D) thermodynamics
(E) thermodynamically

Accepted Answer

本題考查名詞的語意辨識，特別是與「簡報」和「聽眾」相關的語境。
題目描述「簡報中過多的資訊干擾了聽眾對____的更好」。過多的資訊會影響聽眾對內容的理解。

選項 (A) beauty：美，美麗。與簡報內容的理解無關。
選項 (B) understanding：理解，領會。過多的資訊會阻礙聽眾對簡報內容的理解。
選項 (C) element：元素，要素。語意不夠具體。
選項 (D) transparency：透明度，清晰度。

Question 19

Choose the best answer to replace the section in the question that has an underline.
11. The characteristic ____ of the sample were performed by the experiments.
(A) analyze
(B) analyzed
(C) analyst
(D) analysis
(E) analyses

Accepted Answer

本題考查名詞的語意辨識，特別是在科學和工程的語境下。 題目描述「能量轉換的透過摻雜不同的離子而得到改善」。在能量轉換的過程中，我們通常關注的是效率 (efficiency)。 選項 (A) efficiency：效率。能量轉換的效率是透過摻雜離子來改善的，這是常見的材料科學或半導體領域的應用。 選項 (B) intelligence：智慧。與能量轉換無關。 選項 (C) mineral：礦物。

Question 20

Choose the best answer to replace the section in the question that has an underline.
20. Discovered air bubbles trapped thousands of years ago in Antarctic ice are ____ time capsules filled with information for scientists.
(A) amiable
(B) impenetrable
(C) treatable
(D) valuable
(E) unreasonable

Accepted Answer

本題考查形容詞的語意辨識，特別是描述「時間膠囊」的特性。
題目描述「在南極冰層中發現的、被封存了數千年的氣泡，是裝滿科學家資訊的____時間膠囊」。這些氣泡包含有價值的歷史資訊。

選項 (A) amiable：友善的，和藹的。與氣泡或資訊無關。
選項 (B) impenetrable：無法穿透的，堅不可摧的。雖然冰層是無法穿透的，但形容「時間膠囊」時，更強調其內容的價值。
選項 (C) treatable：可處理的，可治療的。與氣泡或資訊無關。
選項 (D) valuable：有價值的。氣泡中包含數千年前的資訊，對科學家來說非常有價值。

Question 21

Choose the best answer to replace the section in the question that has an underline.
17. The meeting had great difficulty in developing a consensus due to the ____ opinions of members.
(A) trivial
(B) common
(C) divergent
(D) explicit
(E) fundamental

Accepted Answer

本題考查名詞的語意辨識，特別是在描述粒子運動的科學語境。
題目描述「在壓力驅動流動下，粒子的____被顯微鏡和攝影機記錄下來」。在流體力學或粒子動力學中，我們通常記錄粒子的運動軌跡。

選項 (A) director：導演，指導者。與粒子運動無關。
選項 (B) perception：感知，察覺。與粒子運動的記錄無關。
選項 (C) security：安全。與粒子運動的記錄無關。
選項 (D) trajectory：軌跡，彈道。

Question 22

Choose the best answer to replace the section in the question that has an underline. 22. The unit of energy is . (A) W (B) N (C) N/m (D) N/m2 (E) J

Accepted Answer

本題考查物理學中的基本單位。 題目詢問「能量的單位是」。 選項 (A) W：瓦特 (Watt)，是功率 (power) 的單位。 選項 (B) N：牛頓 (Newton)，是力的單位。 選項 (C) N/m：牛頓/米，這不是一個標準的物理單位。

Question 23

Choose the best answer to replace the section in the question that has an underline.
10. The ____ of the coated material was nanometer level.
(A) thick
(B) thicker
(C) thickest
(D) thickness
(E) thicks

Accepted Answer

本題考查電學的基本公式。 題目描述「是透過將電流乘以電壓來計算的」。在電學中，功率 (Power) 的計算公式是 $P = V 	imes I$，其中 P 是功率，V 是電壓 (voltage)，I 是電流 (current)。 選項 (A) Resistance：電阻 (R)，單位是歐姆 (Ohm)，與電壓和電流的關係是 $V = I 	imes R$ (歐姆定律)。

Question 24

Choose the best answer to replace the section in the question that has an underline.
3. The development of new technologies ____ challenging.
(A) remain
(B) remains
(C) is remained
(D) are remained
(E) remaining

Accepted Answer

本題考查化學元素的符號與化合物的化學式。 題目中提到「碳化矽 (化學式：) 被廣泛用作半導體材料」。碳化矽 (Silicon carbide) 是由矽 (Silicon) 和碳 (Carbon) 組成的化合物。 矽的元素符號是 Si。 碳的元素符號是 C。 因此，碳化矽的化學式是 SiC。

Question 25

Choose the best answer to replace the section in the question that has an underline.
19. The energy conversion ____ was improved by the doping of different ions.
(A) efficiency
(B) intelligence
(C) mineral
(D) prestige
(E) stomach

Accepted Answer

本題考查能量轉換的類型。 題目描述「來自渦輪機的能量在發電廠中被轉換為電能」。渦輪機 (turbine) 通常是由流體（如水、蒸汽或風）的動能驅動，進而帶動發電機產生電能。 選項 (A) electric：電的。渦輪機本身不產生電能，而是將其他形式的能量轉換為電能。 選項 (B) thermal：熱的。

Question 26

Choose the best answer to replace the section in the question that has an underline.
27. Nanofluidics is the study of fluids ____ in nanochannels (channel size: 1-1000 nm) and has recently attracted much attention ____ the development of new functionalities and applications.
(A) regard
(B) regards
(C) regarded
(D) is regarded
(E) regarding

Accepted Answer

本題考查分詞構句或關係代名詞子句的省略，以及動詞與主詞的一致性。
此題是填空題，但選項是動詞或分詞形式，暗示了需要填入一個修飾語或構成一個子句。
句子前半部是 "Nanofluidics is the study of fluids ____ in nanochannels..."。
"fluids" 是複數名詞。空格處需要一個修飾 "fluids" 的詞或片語。
如果填入現在分詞 "confining"，則表示「流體在微通道中限制（其他東西）」，語意不通。
如果填入過去分詞 "confined"，則表示「被限制在微通道中的流體」。這符合語意，因為流體在微通道中是被約束在其中的。這可以視為一個省略了關係代名詞和 be 動詞的被動語態結構 (fluids [which are] confined...)。

Question 27

Choose the best answer to replace the section in the question that has an underline.
27. Nanofluidics is the study of fluids ____ in nanochannels (channel size: 1-1000 nm) and has recently attracted much attention ____ the development of new functionalities and applications.
(A) regard
(B) regards
(C) regarded
(D) is regarded
(E) regarding

Accepted Answer

本題考查介系詞和動詞形式的選擇。
句子分為兩部分，由 "and" 連接。
第一部分："...fluids confined in nanochannels..." (已選 C)
第二部分："...has recently attracted much attention ____ the development of new functionalities and applications."
這裡的 "attracted much attention" (吸引了很多關注) 後面需要一個介系詞或片語來連接關注的對象。
關注「關於」或「針對」某個發展。

選項 (A) regard：動詞原形。
選項 (B) regards：單數動詞。
選項 (C) regarded：過去分詞。
選項 (D) is regarded：單數被動語態。

Question 28

Choose the best answer to replace the section in the question that has an underline.
28. Nanofluidics is the study of fluids confined in nanochannels (channel size: 1-1000 nm) and has recently attracted much attention regarding the development of new functionalities and applications. For nanofluidics, precise channel fabrication and fluidic control are ____ 28 at the nanometer scale.
(A) require
(B) requires
(C) required
(D) need
(E) needs

Accepted Answer

核心觀念 本題考查被動語態與主詞動詞一致。被動語態的基本結構是： $$ 	ext{主詞}+	ext{be 動詞}+	ext{過去分詞} $$ 句中的主詞是 precise channel fabrication and fluidic control，由兩個名詞片語以 and 連接，表示兩項工作，視為複數，因此搭配 are。空格需填入過去分詞，構成 are required。 解題方法 先找出句子的主詞與動詞： - 主詞：精確的通道製作與流體控制 - 動詞：are - 語意：這兩項工作「在奈米尺度下是必要的」 主詞是「被要求、被需要」的對象，應使用被動語態。既然空格前已有 are，空格就要填過去分詞 required，形成 are required。 選項分析

Question 29

Choose the best answer to replace the section in the question that has an underline.
29. Nanofluidics is the study of fluids confined in nanochannels (channel size: 1-1000 nm) and has recently attracted much attention regarding the development of new functionalities and applications. For nanofluidics, precise channel fabrication and fluidic control are required at the nanometer scale. The primary feature of the nano-spaces involved in this field is their small size since spaces on the nanometer scale are similar to the size of macromolecules. The volumes of these nano-spaces are on the attoliter to femtoliter scale, which is many times smaller than the volumes of liquids handled in conventional bulk techniques. In addition, ____ 29 the surface-to-volume ratio of a nano-space is extremely high, the surface is its ____ feature.
(A) since
(B) from
(C) that
(D) however
(E) for

Accepted Answer

本題考查連接詞或介系詞的選擇，用於連接句子或片語。
句子是 "In addition, ____ 29 the surface-to-volume ratio of a nano-space is extremely high, the surface is its ____ feature."
"In addition" 表示「此外」，引出一個額外的資訊。
空格 29 之後的 "the surface-to-volume ratio of a nano-space is extremely high" 是一個子句。
空格 29 之前是 "In addition,"。

Question 30

Choose the best answer to replace the section in the question that has an underline.
29. Nanofluidics is the study of fluids confined in nanochannels (channel size: 1-1000 nm) and has recently attracted much attention regarding the development of new functionalities and applications. For nanofluidics, precise channel fabrication and fluidic control are required at the nanometer scale. The primary feature of the nano-spaces involved in this field is their small size since spaces on the nanometer scale are similar to the size of macromolecules. The volumes of these nano-spaces are on the attoliter to femtoliter scale, which is many times smaller than the volumes of liquids handled in conventional bulk techniques. In addition, ____ 29 the surface-to-volume ratio of a nano-space is extremely high, the surface is its ____ feature.
(A) since
(B) from
(C) that
(D) however
(E) for

Accepted Answer

本題考查形容詞的語意辨識，用於描述「表面」作為奈米空間的「特徵」。
句子是 "...the surface-to-volume ratio of a nano-space is extremely high, the surface is its ____ 30 feature."
這句話的意思是，由於表面積與體積比很高，表面成為奈米空間中一個非常重要的、起主導作用的特徵。

Question 31

Choose the best answer to replace the section in the question that has an underline.
29. Nanofluidics is the study of fluids confined in nanochannels (channel size: 1-1000 nm) and has recently attracted much attention regarding the development of new functionalities and applications. For nanofluidics, precise channel fabrication and fluidic control are required at the nanometer scale. The primary feature of the nano-spaces involved in this field is their small size since spaces on the nanometer scale are similar to the size of macromolecules. The volumes of these nano-spaces are on the attoliter to femtoliter scale, which is many times smaller than the volumes of liquids handled in conventional bulk techniques. In addition, ____ 29 the surface-to-volume ratio of a nano-space is extremely high, the surface is its ____ feature.
(A) since
(B) from
(C) that
(D) however
(E) for

Accepted Answer

本題考查關係代名詞子句的結構。
句子是 "Therefore, the unique aspects of nano-spaces (...) can be used to realize novel functional devices ____ 31 difficult to obtain using conventional bulk spaces."
這裡的 "novel functional devices" 是前面子句的受詞。空格 31 之後的 "difficult to obtain..." 用來修飾 "novel functional devices"。
我們需要一個關係代名詞子句來進一步描述這些「新穎的功能性裝置」。
這個裝置「很難」透過傳統方法獲得。

選項 (A) are：如果直接接 "are"，則句子變成 "devices are difficult to obtain..."，這是一個完整的句子，但前面已經有 "can be used to realize novel fu

Question 32

Choose the best answer to replace the section in the question that has an underline. 32. What is equal to 1000 nm? (A) 10^3 m (B) 10^6 m (C) 10^-6 m (D) 10^-12 m (E) 10^-15 m

Accepted Answer

本題考查長度單位的換算。
題目詢問「1000 nm 等於多少公尺？」
奈米 (nm) 是長度單位，1 奈米等於 $10^{-9}$ 公尺。
所以，1000 nm = $1000 \times 10^{-9}$ m
= $10^3 \times 10^{-9}$ m
= $10^{3-9}$ m
= $10^{-6}$ m

Question 33

Choose the best answer to replace the section in the question that has an underline.
33. What is the volume of the cubic with 100 nm width, 100 nm height, and 100 nm length?
(A) 10 liter
(B) 10^-9 liter
(C) 10^-12 liter
(D) 10^-15 liter
(E) 10^-18 liter

Accepted Answer

核心觀念 立方體體積公式為： $$ V=	ext{長}	imes	ext{寬}	imes	ext{高} $$ 本題三個邊長皆為 $100\ 	ext{nm}$，需先將奈米換算成立方公尺，再換算成公升。 單位關係如下： $$ 1\ 	ext{nm}=10^{-9}\ 	ext{m} $$ $$ 1\ 	ext{L}=10^{-3}\ 	ext{m}^3 $$ 解題方法 立方體每一邊長為： $$ 100\ 	ext{nm}=100	imes10^{-9}\ 	ext{m}=10^{-7}\ 	ext{m} $$ 因此體積為： $$ V=(10^{-7}\ 	ext{m})^3=10^{-21}\ 	ext{m}^3 $$ 由於： $$ 1\ 	ext{m}^3=10^3\ 	ext{L} $$ 所以： $$ 10^{-21}\ 	ext{m}^3 =10^{-21}	imes10^3\ 	ext{L} =10^{-18}\ 	ext{L} $$ 因此正確選項為 $(E)$。 選項分析 - (A) 10 liter：錯誤。 $100\ 	ext{nm}$ 是極微小的長度，三次方後體積更小，不可能達到 $10$ 公升。

Question 34

Choose the best answer to replace the section in the question that has an underline.
34. When 1 nN is applied to the area with 1000 nm width and 1000 nm height, what is the pressure value?
(A) 1 mPa
(B) 1 Pa
(C) 1 hPa
(D) 1 kPa
(E) 1 MPa

Accepted Answer

本題考查壓力的計算與單位換算。
壓力 (Pressure) 的定義是單位面積上所受的力，公式為 $P = \frac{F}{A}$ 。
題目給定的力 $F = 1 \text{ nN}$ 。
面積 $A$ 是由寬度和高度決定的：
寬度 = 1000 nm = $1000 \times 10^{-9}$ m = $10^{-6}$ m。
高度 = 1000 nm = $1000 \times 10^{-9}$ m = $10^{-6}$ m。
面積 $A$ = 寬 × 高 = $(10^{-6} \text{ m}) \times (10^{-6} \text{ m})$ = $10^{-12} \text{ m}^2$ 。

力的單位是 nN ( ન્યુટન )。1 nN = $1 \times 10^{-9}$ N。
所以，力 $F = 10^{-9}$ N。

Question 35

Try to answer the following questions based on the figures and the description.
35. What parameters were measured and controlled?
(A) Voltage was measured with controlling pressure.
(B) Current was measured with controlling pressure.
(C) Voltage and current were measured with controlling pressure.
(D) Pressure was measured with controlling voltage and current.
(E) All of the voltage, current, and pressure were controlled and measured.

Accepted Answer

本題需要根據圖一和其說明來判斷實驗中測量和控制的參數。
圖一的標題是 "Figure 1. Measured voltage and current value as functions of applied pressure..."。這說明了電壓 (Voltage) 和電流 (Current) 是被測量的 (measured)。
圖一的橫軸標示為 "Applied pressure [MPa]"，說明施加的壓力是自變數，是實驗中被控制的參數。
說明文字中提到 "controlling the pressure pump"，這也證實了壓力是被控制的。
因此，電壓和電流是被測量的，而壓力是被控制的。

Question 36

Try to answer the following questions based on the figures and the description.
35. What parameters were measured and controlled?
(A) Voltage was measured with controlling pressure.
(B) Current was measured with controlling pressure.
(C) Voltage and current were measured with controlling pressure.
(D) Pressure was measured with controlling voltage and current.
(E) All of the voltage, current, and pressure were controlled and measured.

Accepted Answer

本題需要根據圖一的說明來解釋電壓和電流隨壓力增加而增加的原因。 圖一的說明文字提到："The current and voltage were proportional to the applied pressure, which indicates that the flow rate inside the channels was increased according to the increase of applied pressures. Then, the increase of flow rate contributed to the increase of current and voltage." 這段話解釋了原因： 1. 施加壓力的增加導致通道內的流速 (flow rate) 增加。

Question 37

Try to answer the following questions based on the figures and the description.
35. What parameters were measured and controlled?
(A) Voltage was measured with controlling pressure.
(B) Current was measured with controlling pressure.
(C) Voltage and current were measured with controlling pressure.
(D) Pressure was measured with controlling voltage and current.
(E) All of the voltage, current, and pressure were controlled and measured.

Accepted Answer

本題需要根據圖一的說明來判斷電信號與表面電荷的關係。 圖一的說明文字提到："Positive current and voltage values were obtained on a negatively charged surface. A positively charged surface was obtained by modification with amino group, which resulted in surface amino groups yielding negative current and voltage values. Therefore, information corresponding to the surface charge state was reflected by the electric signals obtained." 這段話清楚地說明了： - 負電荷表面產生正的電壓和電流值。 - 正電荷表面產生負的電壓和電流值。 這表明電信號的符號與表面電荷的符號是相反的。

Question 38

Try to answer the following questions based on the figures and the description.
35. What parameters were measured and controlled?
(A) Voltage was measured with controlling pressure.
(B) Current was measured with controlling pressure.
(C) Voltage and current were measured with controlling pressure.
(D) Pressure was measured with controlling voltage and current.
(E) All of the voltage, current, and pressure were controlled and measured.

Accepted Answer

本題需要根據圖二的說明來判斷微通道螢光信號在 4 分鐘後穩定的原因。 圖二的說明文字提到："The replacement of the liquid in the nanochannel was finished in approximately 1 minute because the fluorescent signal was saturated after 1 minute. Then, the fluorescent solution was continuously supplied to the microchannel, and the replacement of liquids in the microchannel was finished in approximately 4 minutes. The signal intensity of the microchannel was much higher than that of the nanochannel due to the difference in the channel sizes. ... From these results, liquid replacement in the microchannel using the nanochannel was successfully achieved."

Question 39

Try to answer the following questions based on the figures and the description. 39. Choose the incorrect answer about the data in Figure 2. (A) The fluorescent solution was introduced from the microchannel to the nanochannel. (B) It took approximately 4 minutes to replace the liquid in the microchannel because the fluorescent signal was saturated after 4 minutes. (C) The size of the microchannel was much larger than the nanochannel. Therefore, the fluorescent signals of the microchannel were higher. (D) To replace the 20 pL volume in the microchannel, 20 pL of fluorescent solution was introduced with 5 pL/min for 4 minutes. (E) Finally, water in the microchannel and nanochannels was replaced with a fluorescent solution.

Accepted Answer

核心觀念 本題考查微流道與奈米流道中的液體置換，以及如何用螢光訊號追蹤染色液的流動。流量、時間與置換體積的關係為： $$ V=Qt $$ 其中 $V$ 為流體體積、$Q$ 為體積流率、$t$ 為流動時間。螢光訊號則可用來觀察染色液是否已進入流道；訊號趨於平臺，表示量測到的螢光強度已趨於穩定。 解題方法 逐項檢查流動方向、訊號變化與體積計算。尤其要留意：流道尺寸大小本身不能直接推出螢光訊號高低；訊號還會受到染色液濃度、流道幾何與影像量測方式等因素影響。 題目給定流率為 $5\ 	ext{pL/min}$，持續 $4$ 分鐘，累積注入體積為： $$ V=Qt=(5\ 	ext{pL/min})(4\ 	ext{min})=20\ 	ext{pL} $$ 這與微流道的 $20\ 	ext{pL}$ 體積相符。 選項分析

113 年 國立清華大學動力機械工程學系碩士班己組《科技英文》

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113 年清華大學的其他科目

清華大學《科技英文》其他年度

其他學校的機械與機電考古題

113 年國立清華大學動力機械工程學系碩士班己組《科技英文》