113 年 國立清華大學動力機械工程學系碩士班戊組《科技英文》
第 1 題2 分
Choose the best answer to replace the section in the question that has an underline.
Carbon dioxide is a ______ of carbon and oxygen.
(A) compound
(B) compounds
(C) compounding
(D) compound in
(E) compounded
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本題考查名詞單複數與介詞的用法。
"Carbon dioxide" 是一種化學物質,由碳和氧組成,故應使用單數名詞 "compound"。選項 (A) compound 是單數名詞,表示「化合物」;
第 2 題2 分
Choose the best answer to replace the section in the question that has an underline.
The new machine ______ the engineers attracted many possible sponsors.
(A) production
(B) produced
(C) produced by
(D) producing
(E) producing by
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核心觀念
本題考查「分詞片語簡化關係子句」以及現在分詞、過去分詞的語態差異。
句子主幹為:
The new machine ______ the engineers attracted many possible sponsors.
其中主詞是 The new machine,動詞是 attracted,受詞是 many possible sponsors。空格部分應修飾 the new machine,說明「這部機器是由工程師製造的」。
完整關係子句可還原為:
The new machine that was produced by the engineers attracted many possible sponsors.
因為 machine 是「被製造」的對象,須使用過去分詞 produced,並保留表示施動者的 by the engineers。因此簡化為:
The new machine produced by the engineers attracted many possible sponsors.
解題方法
先找句子的主要動詞:
- 主詞:
The new machine - 主要動詞:
attracted - 受詞:
many possible sponsors
空格不能再填入一個完整謂語動詞,因為句中已經有主要動詞 attracted。空格內容應是修飾 machine 的分詞片語。
判斷 machine 與 produce 的關係:
- 工程師生產機器:
The engineers produced the machine. - 機器是被生產的:
The machine was produced by the engineers.
因此使用被動語態的過去分詞:
完整句意為:「由工程師製造的新機器吸引了許多潛在贊助商。」
選項分析
(A) production
production 是名詞,意為「生產、製造」。填入後成為:
The new machine production the engineers attracted many possible sponsors.
第 3 題2 分
Choose the best answer to replace the section in the question that has an underline.
The development of new technologies ______ challenging.
(A) remain
(B) remains
(C) is remained
(D) are remained
(E) remaining
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本題考查主詞與動詞的一致性。
句子的主詞是 "The development of new technologies"。其中,句子的核心主詞是 "development",是一個單數名詞。
因此,動詞應該使用單數形式。
選項 (A) remain 是複數動詞。
選項 (B) remains 是單數動詞。
第 4 題2 分
Choose the best answer to replace the section in the question that has an underline.
Each of the members ______ been selected by election.
(A) have
(B) has
(C) is
(D) are
(E) were
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本題考查主詞與動詞的一致性。
句子的主詞是 "Each of the members"。當主詞是 "each"、"every"、"either"、"neither"、"one" 等不定代名詞,後面加上介詞片語 (如 "of the members") 時,動詞應與不定代名詞 "each" 保持一致,即使用單數動詞。
句中的 "been selected" 是現在完成式的被動語態,表示「已被選出」。因此,助動詞應為單數的 "has"。
第 5 題2 分
Choose the best answer to replace the section in the question that has an underline.
The submitted paper was published ______ November 2023.
(A) at
(B) of
(C) in
(D) on
(E) for
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本題考查介詞的用法,特別是與月份和年份連用時。
當表示月份或年份時,通常使用介詞 "in"。
- "in January" (月份)
- "in 2023" (年份)
- "in November 2023" (月份和年份)
第 6 題2 分
Choose the best answer to replace the section in the question that has an underline.
______ solve the issues, we have previously developed a special machine.
(A) In
(B) Of
(C) For
(D) From
(E) To
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核心觀念
本題考查「不定詞表目的」的用法:
句首的 To solve the issues 表示「為了解決這些問題」,修飾後面的主要子句 we have previously developed a special machine,說明開發特殊機器的目的。
完整句意為:
「為了解決這些問題,我們先前已經開發了一台特殊機器。」
解題方法
觀察底線後方的動詞 solve 是原形動詞。能直接接在原形動詞前、並表達目的的結構是:
因此句首應填入 To:
To solve the issues, we have previously developed a special machine.
句型結構如下:
其中:
- To solve the issues:目的副詞片語,為了解決這些問題
- we:主詞
- have previously developed:現在完成式,表示先前已經完成開發
- a special machine:受詞,一台特殊機器
選項分析
第 7 題2 分
Choose the best answer to replace the section in the question that has an underline.
A microscope ______ a small thing appear much larger than it is.
(A) make
(B) makes
(C) made in
(D) made from
(E) making
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本題考查動詞時態和主詞與動詞的一致性。
句子的主詞是 "A microscope",是單數。
句子的意思是「顯微鏡使得小東西看起來比實際大」。
因此,動詞需要是第三人稱單數現在式。
選項 (A) make:原形動詞,不適用於單數主詞。
選項 (B) makes:第三人稱單數現在式動詞,符合語法。
選項 (C) made in:過去分詞片語,表示「在...製造」,不符合句意。
第 8 題2 分
Choose the best answer to replace the section in the question that has an underline.
The narrower channel fabrication is ______ fabrication than the wider channel fabrication.
(A) difficult
(B) more difficult
(C) most difficult
(D) difficulty
(E) difficulties
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本題考查比較級的用法。
句子比較的是 "The narrower channel fabrication" 和 "the wider channel fabrication" 這兩者之間的難易程度。當比較兩個事物時,應使用比較級。
"difficult" 是形容詞,其比較級是 "more difficult",最高級是 "most difficult"。
"difficulty" 和 "difficulties" 是名詞,意為「困難」。
第 9 題2 分
Choose the best answer to replace the section in the question that has an underline.
The glass material has good ______ for chemical samples.
(A) stay
(B) stable
(C) stability
(D) static
(E) steady
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本題考查詞性與語意。
句子的結構是 "The glass material has good ______"。
"good" 是形容詞,後面需要接一個名詞來描述玻璃材料所具有的良好特性。
選項 (A) stay:動詞,意為「停留」。
選項 (B) stable:形容詞,意為「穩定的」。
第 10 題2 分
Choose the best answer to replace the section in the question that has an underline.
The ______ of the coated material was nanometer level.
(A) thick
(B) thicker
(C) thickest
(D) thickness
(E) thicks
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本題考查詞性與語意。
句子的結構是 "The ______ of the coated material was nanometer level"。
"The" 是定冠詞,後面需要接一個名詞。
"of the coated material" 是介詞片語,修飾前面的名詞。
"was nanometer level" 是句子的謂語。
句意為「塗層材料的厚度是奈米級的」。
第 11 題2 分
Choose the best answer to replace the section in the question that has an underline.
The characteristic ______ of the sample were performed by the experiments.
(A) analyze
(B) analyzed
(C) analyst
(D) analysis
(E) analyses
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核心觀念
本題考查:
- 詞性判斷:空格需填入名詞。
- 名詞單複數與主詞動詞一致:
- 複數主詞搭配複數動詞
- 單數主詞搭配單數動詞
- 的單複數變化。
句子結構如下:
The characteristic ______ of the sample were performed by the experiments.
其中:
- 是冠詞。
- 是形容詞,修飾空格中的名詞。
- 是介系詞片語,補充說明分析的對象。
- 是被動語態,且 顯示主詞為複數。
因此,空格應填入複數名詞。
解題方法
先依句型判斷詞性。 後方需要一個名詞,形成「具某種特徵的分析」之意。
再觀察主要動詞 。被動語態還原為:
The characteristic ______ of the sample performed the action.
主詞是 The\ characteristic\ ______\ of\ the\ sample,因為搭配 ,主詞必須是複數。
的複數形是不規則變化:
所以正確答案為 。
句意為:
樣本的特性分析已透過實驗完成。
選項分析
- (A) analyze:動詞,意為「分析」。 不符合名詞位置;
第 12 題2 分
Choose the best answer to replace the section in the question that has an underline.
The droplet size ______ as the pressure increases.
(A) depends
(B) demands
(C) decreases
(D) defends
(E) defines
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本題考查動詞的語意。
句子的結構是 "The droplet size ______ as the pressure increases."
"The droplet size" 是主詞,是單數。
"as the pressure increases" 是時間或原因的副詞子句,表示「隨著壓力的增加」。
句意為「液滴的大小隨著壓力的增加而減小」。
第 13 題2 分
Choose the best answer to replace the section in the question that has an underline.
The errors in the data were estimated using calculations of standard ______.
(A) delivery
(B) demonstration
(C) deviation
(D) declaration
(E) decomposition
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本題考查固定詞組和語意。
句子的結構是 "The errors in the data were estimated using calculations of standard ______."
"standard" 是形容詞,後面需要接一個名詞。
在統計學中,"standard deviation" (標準差) 是一個非常常見的詞組,用來衡量數據的分散程度。
句意為「數據中的誤差是利用標準差的計算來估計的。」
第 14 題2 分
Choose the best answer to replace the section in the question that has an underline.
The target molecule was damaged by ______ measurement methods.
(A) incentive
(B) inventive
(C) instinctive
(D) instructive
(E) invasive
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本題考查形容詞的語意。
句子的結構是 "The target molecule was damaged by ______ measurement methods."
"measurement methods" 是名詞片語,表示「測量方法」。
句意為「目標分子受到了______測量方法的損壞。」
第 15 題2 分
Choose the best answer to replace the section in the question that has an underline.
Phase ______ occurs during the boiling of the water.
(A) transition
(B) transmission
(C) translation
(D) transaction
(E) transportation
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本題考查名詞的語意。
句子的結構是 "Phase ______ occurs during the boiling of the water."
"Phase" 是名詞,意為「階段」或「相」。
"boiling of the water" 指「水的沸騰」。
句意為「相______在水的沸騰過程中發生。」
第 16 題2 分
Choose the best answer to replace the section in the question that has an underline.
The Carnot cycle is closely related to the second law of ______.
(A) thermal
(B) thermally
(C) thermodynamic
(D) thermodynamics
(E) thermodynamically
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本題考查詞性與語意。
句子的結構是 "The Carnot cycle is closely related to the second law of ______."
"the second law of" 後面需要接一個名詞,表示「某定律」。
句意為「卡諾循環與熱力學第二定律密切相關。」
第 17 題2 分
Choose the best answer to replace the section in the question that has an underline.
The meeting had great difficulty in developing a consensus due to the ______ opinions of members.
(A) trivial
(B) common
(C) divergent
(D) explicit
(E) fundamental
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本題考查形容詞的語意。
句子的結構是 "The meeting had great difficulty in developing a consensus due to the ______ opinions of members."
"consensus" 意為「共識」。
"great difficulty in developing a consensus" 意為「在達成共識方面遇到很大困難」。
第 18 題2 分
Choose the best answer to replace the section in the question that has an underline.
Too much information in the presentation disturbed a better ______ of the audience.
(A) beauty
(B) understanding
(C) element
(D) transparency
(E) concern
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本題考查名詞的語意。
句子的結構是 "Too much information in the presentation disturbed a better ______ of the audience."
"disturbed" 意為「打擾了,干擾了」。
"a better ______ of the audience" 意為「聽眾更好的______」。
句意為「簡報中過多的資訊干擾了聽眾更好的______。」
第 19 題2 分
Choose the best answer to replace the section in the question that has an underline.
The energy conversion ______ was improved by the doping of different ions.
(A) efficiency
(B) intelligence
(C) mineral
(D) prestige
(E) stomach
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本題考查名詞的語意。
句子的結構是 "The energy conversion ______ was improved by the doping of different ions."
"energy conversion" 意為「能量轉換」。
"doping of different ions" 意為「摻雜不同的離子」。在材料科學和半導體領域,摻雜離子是常見的用來改變材料性質的方法。
第 20 題2 分
Choose the best answer to replace the section in the question that has an underline.
Discovered air bubbles trapped thousands of years ago in Antarctic ice are ______ time capsules filled with information for scientists.
(A) amiable
(B) impenetrable
(C) treatable
(D) valuable
(E) unreasonable
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本題考查形容詞的語意。
句子的結構是 "Discovered air bubbles trapped thousands of years ago in Antarctic ice are ______ time capsules filled with information for scientists."
"time capsules" 意為「時間膠囊」,在這裡比喻空氣氣泡。
第 21 題2 分
Choose the best answer to replace the section in the question that has an underline.
The ______ of the particles under a pressure-driven flow was recorded using a microscope and camera.
(A) director
(B) perception
(C) security
(D) trajectory
(E) wisdom
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本題考查名詞的語意。
句子的結構是 "The ______ of the particles under a pressure-driven flow was recorded using a microscope and camera."
"particles" 意為「粒子」。
"pressure-driven flow" 意為「壓力驅動的流動」。
"recorded using a microscope and camera" 意為「使用顯微鏡和攝影機記錄」。
第 22 題2 分
Choose the best answer to replace the section in the question that has an underline.
The unit of energy is ______.
(A) W
(B) N
(C) N/m
(D) N/m2
(E) J
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本題考查物理學單位。
句子的意思是「能量的單位是______」。
我們來分析各選項:
(A) W (Watt):功率的單位 (焦耳/秒)。
(B) N (Newton):力的單位。
第 23 題2 分
Choose the best answer to replace the section in the question that has an underline.
______ is calculated by multiplying current by voltage.
(A) Resistance
(B) Power
(C) Force
(D) Intensity
(E) Capacitance
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本題考查電學公式。
句子的意思是「______是透過將電流乘以電壓來計算的。」
在電學中,功率 (Power) 的定義就是電壓 (Voltage) 乘以電流 (Current)。
公式為:
選項 (A) Resistance (電阻):單位是歐姆 (),根據歐姆定律 ,所以 。
第 24 題2 分
Choose the best answer to replace the section in the question that has an underline.
Silicon carbide (chemical formula: ______) is widely used as a semiconductor material.
(A) SC
(B) SCa
(C) SiC
(D) SiCO
(E) SiCa
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本題考查化學式。
"Silicon carbide" 的化學式是由矽 (Silicon, Si) 和碳 (Carbon, C) 組成。
因此,其化學式為 SiC。
第 25 題2 分
Choose the best answer to replace the section in the question that has an underline.
The ______ energy from the turbine is converted into electric power in a power plant.
(A) electric
(B) thermal
(C) chemical
(D) optical
(E) kinetic
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本題考查能量形式的轉換。
句子的結構是 "The ______ energy from the turbine is converted into electric power in a power plant."
"turbine" (渦輪機) 是一種將流體(如水、蒸汽、風)的能量轉換為機械能的設備。
"power plant" (發電廠) 的目的是將各種形式的能量轉換為電能。
在發電廠中,渦輪機通常由蒸汽(來自燃燒化學燃料或核反應)或水流或風推動。這些流體具有動能。渦輪機將這種動能轉換為旋轉的機械能,然後帶動發電機產生電能。
第 26 題2 分
Try to help complete the description of nanofluidics by filling in the answers. In addition, try to answer the related questions.
Nanofluidics is the study of fluids ______ in nanochannels (channel size: 1-1000 nm).
(A) confine
(B) confines
(C) confined
(D) is confined
(E) are confined
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本題考查分詞構句或被動語態的用法。
句子的主詞是 "Nanofluidics"。
"is the study of fluids" 是主要謂語。
後面需要一個部分來描述 "fluids" 的狀態或位置。
"in nanochannels" 是介詞片語,說明流體在哪裡。
我們需要一個過去分詞或一個被動語態結構來表示流體被「限制」或「侷限」在奈米通道中。
選項 (A) confine:動詞原形,不適用。
選項 (B) confines:第三人稱單數動詞,主詞是 fluids (複數),不適用。
選項 (C) confined:過去分詞。可以形成被動語態 "fluids are confined" 或作為形容詞修飾 "fluids"。
第 27 題2 分
Try to help complete the description of nanofluidics by filling in the answers. In addition, try to answer the related questions.
Nanofluidics is the study of fluids confined in nanochannels (channel size: 1-1000 nm) and has recently attracted much attention ______ the development of new functionalities and applications.
(A) regard
(B) regards
(C) regarded
(D) is regarded
(E) regarding
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本題考查介詞或分詞的用法,連接兩個概念。
句子的後半部是 "has recently attracted much attention ______ the development of new functionalities and applications."
"attracted much attention" 意為「引起了極大的關注」。
後面需要一個詞來連接這種關注與「新功能和應用的發展」。
這裡的關注是「關於」或「針對」這個發展。
第 28 題2 分
Try to help complete the description of nanofluidics by filling in the answers. In addition, try to answer the related questions.
For nanofluidics, precise channel fabrication and fluidic control are ______ at the nanometer scale.
(A) require
(B) requires
(C) required
(D) need
(E) needs
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本題考查動詞時態和語態,以及主詞與動詞的一致性。
句子的主詞是 "precise channel fabrication and fluidic control"。這是由 "and" 連接的兩個名詞,構成一個複數主詞。
後面需要一個動詞來描述這些事情的狀態。
句意為「對於奈米流體學來說,精確的通道製造和流體控制在奈米尺度上是必需的。」
因此,這裡需要一個被動語態的形容詞或動詞。
選項 (A) require:動詞原形,用於複數主詞,表示「需要」。但這裡語意應為被動。
選項 (B) requires:第三人稱單數動詞,主詞是複數,不適用。
第 29 題2 分
Try to help complete the description of nanofluidics by filling in the answers. In addition, try to answer the related questions.
In addition, ______ the surface-to-volume ratio of a nano-space is extremely high, the surface is its ______ feature.
(A) since
(B) from
(C) that
(D) however
(E) for
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核心觀念
本題考查「原因副詞子句」與句意判讀。
句型為:
In addition, ______ the surface-to-volume ratio of a nano-space is extremely high, the surface is its ______ feature.
其中:
the surface-to-volume ratio of a nano-space is extremely high是完整子句。- 前方需要能引導原因的從屬連接詞。
- 後方主句
the surface is its ______ feature表示「表面是奈米空間最重要/最顯著的特徵」。
surface-to-volume ratio 意為「表面積與體積比」。奈米空間尺寸極小,表面積相對於體積的比例非常高,因此表面效應成為奈米流體的重要特徵。
解題方法
第一個空格後接完整子句:
the surface-to-volume ratio of a nano-space is extremely high
句意是:
由於奈米空間的表面積與體積比極高,表面是其最重要的特徵。
因此第一個空格應填表示原因的 since:
In addition, since the surface-to-volume ratio of a nano-space is extremely high, ...
第二個空格位於 its ______ feature 之間,需要填入形容詞。依句意應為「主要的、關鍵的、最顯著的」等形容詞,例如 key、dominant 或 important。
題目所列的選項只適合判斷第一個空格,並未提供第二個空格的形容詞選項。因此,在現有資訊下可確定第一空為 since;第二空需依原題完整選項判定。若依句意補全,可寫成:
In addition, since the surface-to-volume ratio of a nano-space is extremely high, the surface is its key feature.
選項分析
(A) since
正確。since 可作從屬連接詞,表示「因為、由於」,後面接完整子句:
since + 主詞 + 動詞
代入後:
第 30 題2 分
Try to help complete the description of nanofluidics by filling in the answers. In addition, try to answer the related questions.
In addition, since the surface-to-volume ratio of a nano-space is extremely high, the surface is its ______ feature.
(A) assertive
(B) conscientious
(C) dominant
(D) graceful
(E) talented
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本題考查形容詞的語意。
句子的結構是 "In addition, since the surface-to-volume ratio of a nano-space is extremely high, the surface is its ______ feature."
"surface-to-volume ratio" (表面積與體積比) 很高,這意味著表面在整體中佔有很大的比例。
第 31 題2 分
Try to help complete the description of nanofluidics by filling in the answers. In addition, try to answer the related questions.
Therefore, the unique aspects of nano-spaces (small dimensions, extremely low volumes, very high surface-to-volume ratios, and unique liquid properties) can be used to realize novel functional devices ______ difficult to obtain using conventional bulk spaces.
(A) are
(B) that
(C) are that
(D) that are
(E) are going to be
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本題考查關係代名詞或動詞的用法。
句子的結構是 "Therefore, the unique aspects of nano-spaces (...) can be used to realize novel functional devices ______ difficult to obtain using conventional bulk spaces."
"novel functional devices" (新穎的功能器件) 是主詞,後面需要一個子句來修飾它,或者是一個形容詞片語。
"difficult to obtain using conventional bulk spaces" (使用常規大體積空間難以獲得的) 是形容詞片語,用來修飾 "novel functional devices"。
我們需要一個連接詞或動詞來將 "novel functional devices" 和 "difficult to obtain..." 連接起來。
如果我們使用關係代名詞 "that",那麼 "that are difficult to obtain..." 是一個關係子句,修飾 "devices"。
"that are difficult to obtain" 意為「難以獲得的」。
第 32 題2 分
Try to help complete the description of nanofluidics by filling in the answers. In addition, try to answer the related questions.
What is equal to 1000 nm?
(A) 10-3 m
(B) 10-6 m
(C) 10-9 m
(D) 10-12 m
(E) 10-15 m
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本題考查長度單位的換算。
奈米 (nm) 是長度的單位,1 奈米等於 米 (m)。
所以,1000 nm 等於 m。
。
第 33 題2 分
Try to help complete the description of nanofluidics by filling in the answers. In addition, try to answer the related questions.
What is the volume of the cubic with 100 nm width, 100 nm height, and 100 nm length?
(A) 10 liter
(B) 10-9 liter
(C) 10-12 liter
(D) 10-15 liter
(E) 10-18 liter
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本題考查體積的計算與單位換算。
立方體的體積公式為:體積 = 長 × 寬 × 高。
題目給出的尺寸是 100 nm × 100 nm × 100 nm。
體積 = 。
現在需要將單位從 轉換為升 (liter)。
我們知道 1 nm = m。
所以,1 。
因此,體積 = 。
接下來,我們需要將立方公尺 () 轉換為升 (liter)。
1 升 (liter) = 1 立方分米 (dm³)。
第 34 題2 分
Try to help complete the description of nanofluidics by filling in the answers. In addition, try to answer the related questions.
When 1 nN is applied to the area with 1000 nm width and 1000 nm height, what is the pressure value?
(A) 1 mPa
(B) 1 Pa
(C) 1 hPa
(D) 1 kPa
(E) 1 MPa
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本題考查壓力、力與面積的關係,以及單位換算。
壓力 (Pressure) 的定義是單位面積上的力 (Force per unit Area)。
公式為:。
題目給出的力 。
1 nN = N。
面積 A 是由寬度和高度構成的矩形。
寬度 = 1000 nm。
高度 = 1000 nm。
面積 。
現在需要將面積單位從 轉換為平方米 ()。
1 nm = m。
第 35 題3 分
Try to answer the following questions based on the figures and the description.
What parameters were measured and controlled?
(A) Voltage was measured with controlling pressure.
(B) Current was measured with controlling pressure.
(C) Voltage and current were measured with controlling pressure.
(D) Pressure was measured with controlling voltage and current.
(E) All of the voltage, current, and pressure were controlled and measured.
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核心觀念
本題考查科技實驗中「測量」與「控制」的變數區分:
- measured:實驗過程中使用儀器讀取、記錄的物理量。
- controlled:實驗者設定或維持固定條件,以排除其對結果的干擾。
題幹問的是哪些參數被測量,以及哪一項參數受到控制。依選項所呈現的實驗關係,實驗是控制壓力,同時量測電壓與電流。
題目未附上所指的 figures 與 description,以下依題目選項所反映的標準實驗敘述作答。
解題方法
先找出「控制條件」與「觀測數據」的角色:
-
壓力是實驗中被設定、維持或調整的條件,因此屬於 controlled parameter。
-
電壓與電流是由儀器量測並記錄的數據,因此屬於 measured parameters。
-
整句關係可理解為:
「在控制壓力的條件下,量測電壓與電流。」
因此正確敘述是:
Voltage and current were measured with controlling pressure.
選項分析
-
(A) Voltage was measured with controlling pressure.
錯誤。此項只提到量測電壓,遺漏同樣被量測的電流,因此資訊不完整。 -
(B) Current was measured with controlling pressure.
錯誤。
第 36 題3 分
Try to answer the following questions based on the figures and the description.
Why current and voltage values on unmodified surface were increased with increasing the applied pressure?
(A) Because the voltage increased the current.
(B) Because the current increased the voltage.
(C) Because the current and voltage indued the pressure.
(D) Because the pressure induced the flow rate and flow rate induced the current and voltage.
(E) Not mentioned.
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本題要求根據圖一和其說明,解釋在未修飾表面上,電流和電壓為何隨著施加壓力的增加而增加。
圖一的說明中提到:
"The current and voltage were proportional to the applied pressure, which indicates that the flow rate inside the channels was increased according to the increase of applied pressures. Then, the increase of flow rate contributed to the increase of current and voltage."
這段說明清楚地解釋了原因:
- 施加壓力 (applied pressure) 增加。
- 壓力增加導致通道內的流速 (flow rate) 增加。
第 37 題3 分
Try to answer the following questions based on the figures and the description.
What is the relationship between the electric signal and surface charge?
(A) The electric signal with a sign opposite to the surface charge was obtained.
(B) The electric signal with a sign similar to the surface charge was obtained.
(C) The electric signal was obtained by neutral surface charge.
(D) The electric signal was obtained by surface charge only on the unmodified surface.
(E) No relationship between the electric signal and surface charge.
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本題要求根據圖一和其說明,解釋電信號與表面電荷之間的關係。
圖一的說明中提到:
"Positive current and voltage values were obtained on a negatively charged surface. A positively charged surface was obtained by modification with amino group, which resulted in surface amino groups yielding negative current and voltage values."
這段話清楚地描述了電信號(電流和電壓)與表面電荷之間的關係:
- 負電荷表面 (negatively charged surface) 產生正的電流和電壓值 (Positive current and voltage values)。
- 正電荷表面 (positively charged surface) 產生負的電流和電壓值 (negative current and voltage values)。
這意味著電信號的符號(正或負)與表面電荷的符號是相反的。
第 38 題3 分
Try to answer the following questions based on the figures and the description.
Why did the fluorescent signal of the microchannel become stable after 4 minutes?
(A) Because water was introduced to the microchannel after 4 minutes.
(B) Because the introduced fluorescent solution was diluted by water in the microchannel.
(C) Because water in the microchannel was replaced by the introduced fluorescent solution.
(D) Because the fluorescent solution in the microchannel was removed from the nanochannel.
(E) Not mentioned.
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本題要求根據圖二和其說明,解釋微通道的螢光信號為何在 4 分鐘後變得穩定。
圖二的說明中提到:
"The replacement of the liquid in the nanochannel was finished in approximately 1 minute because the fluorescent signal was saturated after 1 minute. Then, the fluorescent solution was continuously supplied to the microchannel, and the replacement of liquids in the microchannel was finished in approximately 4 minutes."
這段說明清楚地指出:
- 奈米通道中的液體更換在約 1 分鐘內完成(信號飽和)。
- 螢光溶液隨後被持續供應到微通道。
- 微通道中的液體更換在約 4 分鐘內完成。
- 在 4 分鐘後,微通道中的液體更換完成,這意味著水已經被螢光溶液取代。
第 39 題3 分
Try to answer the following questions based on the figures and the description.
Choose the incorrect answer about the data in Figure 2.
(A) The fluorescent solution was introduced from the microchannel to the nanochannel.
(B) It took approximately 4 minutes to replace the liquid in the microchannel because the fluorescent signal was saturated after 4 minutes.
(C) The size of the microchannel was much larger than the nanochannel. Therefore, the fluorescent signals of the microchannel were higher.
(D) To replace the 20 pL volume in the microchannel, 20 pL of fluorescent solution was introduced with 5 pL/min for 4 minutes.
(E) Finally, water in the microchannel and nanochannels was replaced with a fluorescent solution.
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本題要求找出關於圖二數據的錯誤敘述。我們需要逐一檢驗每個選項。
圖二的說明提到:「The replacement of the liquid in the nanochannel was finished in approximately 1 minute... Then, the fluorescent solution was continuously supplied to the microchannel, and the replacement of liquids in the microchannel was finished in approximately 4 minutes.」
另外,說明中也提到:「the flow rate of the system was 5 pL/min and the volume of the microchannel was 20 pL.」
(A) The fluorescent solution was introduced from the microchannel to the nanochannel.
說明中說:「Then, the fluorescent solution was continuously supplied to the microchannel...」這意味著螢光溶液是進入微通道,而不是從微通道引入到奈米通道。
再往前看:「The replacement of the liquid in the nanochannel was finished in approximately 1 minute...」這暗示奈米通道的液體(可能是水)先被更換,然後螢光溶液被供應到微通道。
更明確的圖示(雖然題目是文字,但通常圖會顯示流動方向)以及 "nanochannel(upstream)-microchannel" 的結構,暗示流體是從奈米通道流向微通道。
所以,螢光溶液應該是從奈米通道進入微通道,而不是從微通道引入到奈米通道。
這個選項的敘述「從微通道引入到奈米通道」很可能是錯誤的。
(B) It took approximately 4 minutes to replace the liquid in the microchannel because the fluorescent signal was saturated after 4 minutes.