114 年 國立清華大學動力機械工程學系碩士班戊組《科技英文》

1. The concept of artificial intelligence has significantly in recent decades.
   (A) evolves
   (B) evolving
   (C) evolved
   (D) evolution
   (E) evolve

2. The researchers concluded that their findings were in developing new theories.
   (A) influence
   (B) influential
   (C) influenced
   (D) influentially
   (E) influences

3. offer insight into cause-and-effect relationships by demonstrating the outcomes of manipulating particular factors.
   (A) Opinions
   (B) Experiments
   (C) Laboratories
   (D) Schemes
   (E) Materials

4. The meeting had great difficulty in developing a consensus due to the opinions of members.
   (A) trivial
   (B) common
   (C) divergent
   (D) explicit
   (E) fundamental

5. The term engineering originates from the word engineer, which can be traced back ____ the 14th century.
   (A) to
   (B) in
   (C) at
   (D) as
   (E) during

6. The results were and required further investigation.
   (A) unexpected
   (B) unexpectedly
   (C) expectation
   (D) expected
   (E) expecting

7. Scientific inquiry typically seeks to acquire knowledge through explanations that can help scientists predict the results of future experiments.
   (A) overwhelming
   (B) novel
   (C) complex
   (D) testable
   (E) natural

8. A tool is an object that enhances an individual's ability to features of the surrounding environment or assists in performing a particular task.
   (A) enforce
   (B) boost
   (C) monitor
   (D) make
   (E) modify

9. Silicon dioxide, also known as silica, is an oxide of silicon with the chemical formula ____.
   (A) Si2O2
   (B) SiO2
   (C) Si2O
   (D) SiDiO
   (E) SiO

10. Modern machines are intricate systems composed of structural elements, mechanisms, control components, and ____ for ease of use.
    (A) interfaces
    (B) electricity
    (C) screens
    (D) techniques
    (E) models

11. The peak in the obtained wavelength spectrum was centered at 780 ____.
    (A) nm
    (B) N
    (C) J
    (D) nm/s
    (E) K

12. The material is highly ____ and suitable for electrical applications.
    (A) corrosive
    (B) conductive
    (C) electrifying
    (D) transformative
    (E) diffusive

13. ____ studies friction, wear, and lubrication between interacting surfaces in relative motion.
    (A) Astronomy
    (B) Biology
    (C) Structural Mechanics
    (D) Nanotechnology
    (E) Tribology

14. The test results were ____ with the hypothesis.
    (A) concise
    (B) confident
    (C) consistent
    (D) contemporary
    (E) considerable

15. The speed of light in transparent substances ____ ordinary matter is slower than its speed in a vacuum.
    (A) consisting
    (B) made
    (C) including of
    (D) contained of
    (E) composed of

16. The ____ Development Goals (SDGs) are a collection of 17 global objectives to promote peace, prosperity, and the health of the planet.
    (A) Suitable
    (B) Social
    (C) Systematic
    (D) Sustainable
    (E) Sufficient

17. Data can be viewed as the ____ units of factual information, serving as a foundation for calculation, reasoning, or discussion.
    (A) smallest
    (B) smaller
    (C) basis
    (D) largest
    (E) larger

18. Ten picoseconds are ____ femtoseconds.
    (A) 10³
    (B) 10⁴
    (C) 10⁵
    (D) 10⁷
    (E) 10⁸

19. In academic writing, failing to properly credit a source for any idea or language taken from someone else is considered ____.
    (A) fabrication
    (B) falsification
    (C) plagiarism
    (D) manipulation
    (E) ghostwriting

20. Before using a chemical, make sure to ____ the material safety data sheet to understand its potential hazards and safety measures.
    (A) rewrite
    (B) review
    (C) revise
    (D) recall
    (E) respond

21. The ____ of water is approximately 1 g/mL at room temperature.
    (A) density
    (B) weight
    (C) vapor pressure
    (D) molar mass
    (E) concentration

22. The use of measurement was developed to enable the recording and comparison of ____ made by different people at various times and locations.
    (A) observances
    (B) observers
    (C) observatories
    (D) observations
    (E) observabilities

23. An argument is ____ if and only if, assuming all the premises are true, the conclusion cannot be false without contradiction.
    (A) correct
    (B) valid
    (C) true
    (D) good
    (E) comprehensive

24. The team faced challenges due to the ____ schedule of the project.
    (A) trivial
    (B) rigid
    (C) flexible
    (D) complex
    (E) rough

25. ____ production was popularized in the late 1910s and 1920s by Ford Motor Company to produce substantial amounts of standardized products.
    (A) Mass
    (B) Weight
    (C) Kinetic
    (D) Labor
    (E) Planned

26. Young's modulus is the ratio of the stress applied to an object and its resulting axial ____ in the linear elastic region of the material.
    (A) length
    (B) pressure
    (C) hardness
    (D) stiffness
    (E) strain

27. While it is ____ of this work, further mathematical derivation is required to clarify the theory.
    (A) behind the scenes
    (B) on the horizon
    (C) beyond the scope
    (D) in the loop
    (E) on the brink

28. A ____ is a semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electrical signals and power.
    (A) inductor
    (B) resistor
    (C) capacitor
    (D) transistor
    (E) resonator

29. Heat flows from the warmer side to the cooler side due to the temperature ____.
    (A) gradient
    (B) gain
    (C) coefficient
    (D) constant
    (E) force

30. The ____ of an integrated circuit protects it and connects it to other electronic components.
    (A) board
    (B) substrate
    (C) coating
    (D) bonding
    (E) packaging

31. 3D printing is an additive manufacturing (AM) technique for fabricating a wide range of structures and complex geometries from three-dimensional (3D) model data. The process consists of printing ____ layers of materials that are formed on top of each other.
    (A) suspended
    (B) smooth
    (C) developed
    (D) successive
    (E) stable

32. This technology has been developed by Charles Hull in 1986 in a process known as stereolithography (SLA), which was followed by ____ developments such as powder bed fusion, fused deposition modelling (FDM), inkjet printing and contour crafting (CC).
    (A) subsequent
    (B) consequent
    (C) corresponding
    (D) comparative
    (E) involving

33. Additive manufacturing has been widely applied ____ different industries, including construction, prototyping and biomechanical.
    (A) in
    (B) as
    (C) for
    (D) of
    (E) with

34. The uptake of 3D printing in the construction industry, in particular, was very slow and limited ____ the advantages e.g. less waste, freedom of design and automation.
    (A) due to
    (B) resulting in
    (C) besides
    (D) despite
    (E) without

Figure 1. (a) Secondary electron images of silica glass surface polished close to the depth of the laser focal spot where the periodic patterns formed due to laser irradiation. (b) Light "fingerprints": Backscattering electron images of the same surface. The magnification of the upper and lower images is 10000 and 30000, respectively.
(Source: Shimotsuma, Yasuhiko, et al. "Self-organized nanogratings in glass irradiated by ultrashort light pulses." Physical review letters 91.24 (2003): 247405.)

35. Which sub-figure in Figure 1 shows the details of the periodic patterns in silica glass most clearly?
    (A) Low-magnification secondary electron image
    (B) High-magnification secondary electron image
    (C) Low-magnification backscattering electron image
    (D) High-magnification backscattering electron image
    (E) Superimposed electron image

Figure 1. (a) Secondary electron images of silica glass surface polished close to the depth of the laser focal spot where the periodic patterns formed due to laser irradiation. (b) Light "fingerprints": Backscattering electron images of the same surface. The magnification of the upper and lower images is 10000 and 30000, respectively.
(Source: Shimotsuma, Yasuhiko, et al. "Self-organized nanogratings in glass irradiated by ultrashort light pulses." Physical review letters 91.24 (2003): 247405.)

36. Choose the correct description of Figure 1.
    (A) The diameter of one zone of the laser-induced periodic patterns and the periodicity of fine structures in the periodic patterns were approximately 200 nm and 1 µm, respectively.
    (B) All sub-figures were taken on the same surface of the measured silica glass sample.
    (C) The periodic patterns in silica glass generated during electron beam exposure.
    (D) The author, Yasuhiko Shimotsuma, can be younger than 20 years old.
    (E) None of the above.

Figure 2. The left panels show the resonance wavelengths of (a) channel M1, and (b) channel M2, as functions of time during temperature stepping from 23.0°C to 33.0°C and a jump back to 23.0°C. The right panels show the corresponding resonance wavelengths of (c) channel M1, and (d) channel M2, as functions of temperature. The slopes of the fitted lines yield the temperature sensitivities of the sensors. (Source: Gylfason, Kristinn B., et al. "On-chip temperature compensation in an integrated slot-waveguide ring resonator refractive index sensor array." Optics express 18.4 (2010): 3226-3237.)

37. How many channels was the data shown in Figure 2 collected from?
    (A) 1
    (B) 2
    (C) 3
    (D) 4
    (E) 5

Figure 2. The left panels show the resonance wavelengths of (a) channel M1, and (b) channel M2, as functions of time during temperature stepping from 23.0°C to 33.0°C and a jump back to 23.0°C. The right panels show the corresponding resonance wavelengths of (c) channel M1, and (d) channel M2, as functions of temperature. The slopes of the fitted lines yield the temperature sensitivities of the sensors. (Source: Gylfason, Kristinn B., et al. "On-chip temperature compensation in an integrated slot-waveguide ring resonator refractive index sensor array." Optics express 18.4 (2010): 3226-3237.)

38. Choose the incorrect description of Figure 2.
    (A) The measured resonance wavelengths of Channel M1 were overall larger than those of Channel M2.
    (B) The measured resonance wavelength of Channel M1 kept decreasing with increasing temperatures.
    (C) The measured resonance wavelength of Channel M2 kept decreasing with increasing operation time.
    (D) The highest tested temperature shown in the figure was 33°C.
    (E) The difference in sensitivity between Channel M1 and M2 was smaller than 0.5 pm/K.

Figure 2. The left panels show the resonance wavelengths of (a) channel M1, and (b) channel M2, as functions of time during temperature stepping from 23.0°C to 33.0°C and a jump back to 23.0°C. The right panels show the corresponding resonance wavelengths of (c) channel M1, and (d) channel M2, as functions of temperature. The slopes of the fitted lines yield the temperature sensitivities of the sensors. (Source: Gylfason, Kristinn B., et al. "On-chip temperature compensation in an integrated slot-waveguide ring resonator refractive index sensor array." Optics express 18.4 (2010): 3226-3237.)

39. Choose the correct description of Figure 2.
    (A) The entire testing of the sensors began at 23°C and ended at 33°C.
    (B) The figure was published in a journal paper with only one author.
    (C) The operation temperature of the sensors at the time point of 40 minutes was 25°C.
    (D) The variation in the measured resonance wavelength of Channel M1 across the entire test was smaller than 150 pm.
    (E) The operation temperature of the sensors was changed by 6 times.