115 年 國立臺灣大學農業化學系碩士班丙組《專業英文(F)》

第 2 題20 分

Please translate the following paragraph into Chinese (20%)

Soil organic matter is a complex mixture originating from the residues and metabolic products of plants and soil organisms. These plant residues undergo microbial decomposition, thereby contributing to the overall soil carbon pool. Microorganisms play a critical role in soil carbon sequestration processes. Indeed, shifts in the composition of key soil microbial communities directly influence carbon balance and total carbon stocks in soil. Primary producers, such as plants, convert CO2\text{CO}_2 and water into organic matter through photosynthesis. Besides plants, autotrophic microbes are also primary producers, capable of assimilating CO2\text{CO}_2 through various pathways. The underlying mechanism of the microbial carbon pump involves microbial activities that transform labile organic matter into recalcitrant forms. After death, microbial biomass is accumulated as microbial necromass. Due to its relative recalcitrance to decomposition, microbial necromass represents a significant component of stable organic matter in soil. These findings indicate that an abundant and active population of decomposers is a critical determinant of soil carbon sequestration capacity.
(Adapted from Environmental Chemistry Letters, 2025, 23: 1145-1151)

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題為「專門術語與句型翻譯題」,出自國立臺灣大學農業化學系碩士班《專業英文(F)》。題目摘錄自 2025 年《Environmental Chemistry Letters》期刊關於土壤碳封存(Soil Carbon Sequestration)與微物碳泵(Microbial Carbon Pump)機制之研究文獻。

翻譯此類土壤化學與環境微生物學之學術論文段落時,考生需掌握以下四大核心觀念與專有名詞定界:

  1. 土壤碳庫與微生物角色:

    • Soil organic matter (SOM):土壤有機質。
    • Soil carbon pool:土壤碳庫。
    • Soil carbon sequestration:土壤碳封存/碳固存。
    • Primary producers / Autotrophic microbes:初級生產者/自營性微生物。
  2. 微物碳泵機制(Microbial Carbon Pump, MCP):

    • Labile organic matter:易變性有機質(或稱不穩定性有機質、易分解有機質)。
    • Recalcitrant forms:難降解型態(或稱抗性型態、難分解型態)。
  3. 微生物微生物量與死體碳庫:

    • Microbial biomass:微生物生物量。
    • Microbial necromass:微生物殘體/微生物死體(係指微生物死亡後殘留之細胞壁、質膜等難降解有機成分,為土壤穩定碳庫之關鍵來源)。
    • Decomposers:分解者。

解題方法

本題切入點為句型結構拆解與專有名詞之學術精準翻譯。切忌逐字直譯造成中文語意生硬。翻譯推導關鍵步驟如下:

  1. 斷句與結構解析:

    • Sentence 1: Soil organic matter is a complex mixture(主詞與表語)+ originating from...(分詞片語修飾前述混合物)。
    • Sentence 3 & 4: Microorganisms play a critical role... 點出微生物於碳封存之關鍵地位;Indeed, shifts in the composition... 以進一步語氣(Indeed)銜接微生物群落結構變化對總碳儲量(total carbon stocks)之直接影響。
    • Sentence 7: The underlying mechanism of the microbial carbon pump involves...(微物碳泵之根本機制包含...),動詞 transform A into B 應譯為「將 A 轉化為 B」。
    • Sentence 8 & 9: After death... accumulated as microbial necromass(微生物死亡後累積為微生物殘體/死體);Due to its relative recalcitrance to decomposition...(由於其對分解作用具有相對抗性/難降解性...)。
    • Sentence 10: These findings indicate that... 作為段落總結句,指出豐富且活性高的分解者族群(an abundant and active population of decomposers)是決定土壤碳封存能力之關鍵因素(critical determinant)。
  2. 專業語氣修飾:
    將英文被動語態與分詞修飾轉換為符合中文學術論文習慣之主動語態與順暢句型(例如將 originating from... 轉譯為「源自於...」;將 represents a significant component 譯為「構成...的重要成分」)。


翻譯與句型分析(逐句對照)

  1. 原句 1:Soil organic matter is a complex mixture originating from the residues and metabolic products of plants and soil organisms.

    • 解析:originating from 為現在分詞修飾 complex mixture。
    • 譯文:土壤有機質是一種複雜的混合物,源自於植物與土壤生物的殘體及代謝產物。
  2. 原句 2:These plant residues undergo microbial decomposition, thereby contributing to the overall soil carbon pool.

    • 解析:undergo 譯為「經歷/進行」;thereby contributing to 為結果副詞子句轉簡化分詞,譯為「進而對...有所貢獻/進而促進...」。
    • 譯文:這些植物殘體經由微生物分解,進而挹注整體土壤碳庫。
  3. 原句 3:Microorganisms play a critical role in soil carbon sequestration processes.

    • 解析:critical role 為關鍵角色;carbon sequestration 譯為碳封存。
    • 譯文:微生物在土壤碳封存過程中扮演著關鍵角色。
  4. 原句 4:Indeed, shifts in the composition of key soil microbial communities directly influence carbon ba

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第 4-(b) 題8 分

Please translate the following paragraph into Chinese.

Aflatoxins represent the most prevalent and hazardous category of mycotoxins. These toxins are primarily produced by Aspergillus species and are commonly detected in agricultural products, nuts, and intermediate products. The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization estimates that approximately 25% of food crops are contaminated with mycotoxins, with aflatoxins constituting the primary source of contamination. (8%)
(Adapted from Food Chemistry, 2026, 147853.)

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題為台大農化所《專業英文(F)》常見的科學期刊論文段落翻譯題,旨在評量考生對農學、食品化學與真菌毒素領域專有名詞的理解,以及將英文學術句型轉換為語意精準、符合中文閱讀習慣之專業論文譯文的能力。

  • 關鍵專有名詞與詞彙:
    • Aflatoxin(s):黃麴毒素(通常用複數或統稱)。
    • Prevalent:普遍的、廣泛存在的。
    • Hazardous category:高危害等級/類別。
    • Mycotoxin(s):黴菌毒素 / 真菌毒素。
    • Aspergillus species:麴菌屬物種(斜體為學名,Aspergillus 為屬名,通常可譯為「黃麴菌屬」或「麴菌屬」)。
    • Intermediate products:中間產品 / 半成品。
    • Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO):聯合國糧糧及農業組織(簡稱「糧農組織」)。
    • Constitut(ing) the primary source:構成主要來源。

解題方法

學術英文翻譯的切入點為**「語意精準、詞性順應、文意流暢」**。解題時可採取「逐句拆解與語序重組」的方式:

  1. 第一句:Aflatoxins represent the most prevalent and hazardous category of mycotoxins.

    • 結構分析:主詞為 Aflatoxins,動詞 represent(在此譯為「是」或「代表」比「代表著」更自然),受詞為名詞短語 the most prevalent and hazardous category of mycotoxins。
    • 切入點:Prevalent 與 hazardous 修飾 category,譯為「最普遍且危害最大的黴菌毒素類別」。
  2. 第二句:These toxins are primarily produced by Aspergillus species and are commonly detected in agricultural products, nuts, and intermediate products.

    • 結構分析:被動語態 are primarily produced by... 與 are commonly detected in...。
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第 4-(d) 題8 分

Please translate the following paragraph into Chinese.

Resistant starch (RS) is essentially a sort of starch that escapes from host enzyme digestion, and basically consists of amylose and amylopectin. These two starch chains can self-assemble to form multi-level structures and endow RS with hierarchical structures, including fine structures, chain structures, short-range ordered structures, helical structures, crystalline structures, aggregation structures, and granular morphology. (8%)
(Adapted from Trends in Food Science & Technology, 105245.)

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這一題的完整詳解

核心觀念

本題考查生命科學與食品化學領域的專業英文翻譯(English-to-Chinese Translation)。主要測驗考生對**抗性澱粉(Resistant starch, RS)**之結構特性、專業學術語彙(如多級結構、直鏈澱粉、支鏈澱粉等)以及學術英文句型結構的理解與中文流暢表達能力。

  • 關鍵專有名詞定義:
    • Resistant Starch (RS):抗性澱粉(指無法被宿主消化酵素分解,能到達大腸進行發酵的澱粉)。
    • Amylose / Amylopectin:直鏈澱粉 / 支鏈澱粉。
    • Self-assemble:自組裝。
    • Hierarchical structures / Multi-level structures:階層結構 / 多級結構。
    • Fine structures / Chain structures:微觀結構(精細結構) / 鏈結構。
    • Short-range ordered structures / Helical structures:短程有序結構 / 螺旋結構。
    • Crystalline structures / Aggregation structures / Granular morphology:結晶結構 / 聚集結構 / 顆粒形態。

解題方法

學術英文翻譯應遵循「信、達、雅」原則,精準傳達原意並符合中文學術論文的語法習慣。翻譯切入點與句構拆解如下:

  1. 第一句拆解與翻譯策略:
    • 原文:Resistant starch (RS) is essentially a sort of starch that escapes from host enzyme digestion, and basically consists of amylose and amylopectin.
    • 主幹分析:主詞為 RSRS,連繫動詞為 isis,包含兩個由 andand 連接的平行 predicate(謂語):
      1. is essentially a sort of starch that escapes from host enzymedigestionis\ essentially\ a\ sort\ of\ starch\ that\ escapes\ from\ host\ enzyme digestion(本質上是一種能逃逸宿主酵素消化的澱粉)。
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